Focused Review (Older Adults 65 and older) PDF

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ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE:

Growth and Development

Jacob Layton STUDENT NAME _____________________________________ Older Adults (65 years and older) DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE _______________________________________________________________

25 REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________

EXPECTED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Physical Development Integumentary (decreased skin turgor, subq fat, and connective tissue which leads to dry, wrinkly skin) (loss of subq fat leads to disability to adjust to cold temps) Cardiovascular/Pulm. (decreased chest wall movement, vital capacity, cilia, increases risk for resp infections, reduced cardiac output, increased BP) Neurosensory (slower reaction time, decreased sensory perception) Gastrointestinal (decreased digestive enzymes, intestinal mobility leads to constipation, dental probs) Neuromuscular (decreased height, muscle tone, strength) Genitourinary (decreased bladder capacity, prosate hypertrophy in men) Endocrine (decreased sensitivity to insulin)

Cognitive Development Piaget: Formal operations Many older adults maintain cognitive function but lose congitive speed Overall health, number of stressors, lifelong mental health are influencers of cognitive development. Slowed transmission, disease states, poor nutrition and structural brain changes can result in several cognitive disorders including: Delirium Dementia Depression

Psychosocial Development Erikson : ego integrity vs. despair Adults adapt and adjust in changes related to retirement Adapt to changes in family structure Adapt to changes in living environment Deal with multiple losses Face death Self-concept development Body image changes Social Development

Age-Appropriate Activities Remain socially active and overcome isolation, maintain sexual health Participate in activities, encourage reminiscinse, perform physical activities within their ROM.

Health Promotion Promote health through immunizations, health screening, correct nutrition, assessing nutritional status, and preventing injury.

Immunizations Seasonal Immunizations Diptheria Tettanuss Pertussis Varicella Pneumonia Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningococcal Diseases Herpes

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

Health Screening Annual health screenings include: Hearing Fecal occult blood tests for colon cancer Rectal and prostate-specific antigen DXA scanning for osteoporosis Eye exams Mental Health exams Cholesterol and diabetes every 3 years

Nutrition As metabolic rates and activity decline, so will the need for caloric intake. It is important to increase the intake of vitamins D, B12, E, folate, fiber, and calcium Increase fluid intake Take multivitamins Limit sugar, alchohol intake, sodium intake

Injury Prevention Implement usage of:Bed rails, grab bars, and hand rails. Get rid of throw rugs. Eliminate clutter in walkways. Remove cords from walkways Teach correct medication usage. Instruct usage on assitive ambulatory devices such as canes, walkers etc. Ensure adequate lighting and that patients use eyewear and hearing aids.

THERAPEU TIC P ROCEDURE

A5...