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Summary of Chapter 1-13. English to Latin ...

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Medical Terminology – Chapter 1 Adjectives Termination x-al x-ic x-ous x-ar/y x-an x-in/e x-ac x-oid Nouns Termination x-ia x-ist x-in

Translation Pertaining to x Pertaining to x Pertaining to x Pertaining to x Pertaining to x Pertaining to x Pertaining to x Resembling x

Translation An abnormal condition involving x One who (does the action of) x One who specializes in x A substance (which does the action) of x

Derived Suffixes denoting medical problems often end with the primary suffixes –is and –y. Termination Translation x-itis Inflammation of x x-orrhexis The rupturing of x x-o-schisis The splitting of x x-iasis The abnormal presence of x x-o-clasis The breaking of x x-osis An abnormal condition involving x x-o-pathy A disease of x x-o-megaly The enlargement of x x-o-phagy The ingestion of x The eating of x Noun-endings made by adding to a base, the derived suffix –es/-is. Termination Translation x-o-genesis The production of x x-ogeny x-o-poiesis The formation of x x-o-kinesis The movement of x The primary suffix –ia and the derived suffix –osis are often added to bases to form new derived suffixes. Because the bases involved usually imply the idea of some specific abnormality it is misleading to prefix the following definitions with the vague phrases and abnormal condition involving.

Termination x-algia x-odynia x-oplegia x-o-penia x-orrhagia x-o-malacia x-o-necrosis x-o-stenosis x-o-sclerosis x-optosis

Translation Pain in(volving) x “ The paralysis of x A deficiency of x The rapid flowing of (something from) x The softening of x The death of x The narrowing of x The hardening of x The downward displacement of x

Irregular endings. Termination x-agra x-orrhea x-edema x-o-cele x-o-lith x-o-spasm x-ismus

Translation Gouty pain in x The flowing of (something from) x The swelling of x The protrusion of (something through) x A calculus in(volving) x A spasm of x A spasm of x

Derived suffixes consisting of a prefix, a base and a noun-forming primary suffix. Termination Translation x-ectopia The displacement of x x-ectasia The distention of x x-o-plasia The formation of x x-o-dysplasia The defective formation of x x-o-trophy The growth/nourishment of x x-o-dystrophy The defective growth of x x-atrophy The lack of growth of x x-asthenia The lack of strength of x Abstract nouns ending in –y and –is. Termination Translation x-o-therapy Treatment by means of x x-iatry The healing of x x-o-stasis The stopping of x x-o-plasty The surgical repairing of x x-o-centesis The surgical puncturing of x x-orrhaphy The suturing of x x-otomy The cutting of x

x-ectomy x-ostomy x-ics x-ology x-o-scopy x-o-metry x-o-graphy

The cutting out of x The making of an opening of x The science of x The study of x The examination of x The measurement of x The recording of x

Termination x-o-pexy

Translation The adhesion of x (diagnostic) The fixation of x (therapeutic) The disintegration of x (diagnostic) The separation of the adhesions of x (therapeutic) The tendency to preferentially affect x (diagnostic or therapeutic)

x-o-lysis x-o-tropism

Concrete Nouns- some therapeutic nouns have derivative concrete forms denoting the instrument or the “doer”. Termination Translation x-o-phage A cell which ingests x x-otome An instrument for cutting x x-ectome An instrument for cutting out x x-o-scope An instrument for examining x x-o-clast Something which breaks x x-o-stat An instrument for stopping x x-o-gen A substance which produces x x-o-path One with a disease of x x-o-graph An instrument for recording x x-o-gram A record of x x-o-meter An instrument for measuring x Adjectives with Special Meanings Termination Translation x-o-genic Producing x x-o-genous Produced by x x-o-tropic Preferentially affecting x x-o-kinetic The movement of x

Nouns Ending x-us

Gender M

Translation (the/a) x

Example Muc/us

Literal Translation Slime

x-a x-um x-on

F N N

(the/a) x (the/a) x (the/a) x

Vertebr/a Crani/um Gangli/on

A joint The/a skull A knot

Adjectives -M=x-(e)us -F=x-(e)a -N=x-(e)um - all pertaining to x x-oplasty x-oplastic x-odystrophy x-odystrophic x-ophagy x-ophagous

The surgical repairing of x Pertaining to the surgical repairing of x The defective growth of x Pertaining to the defective growth of x The eating of x Pertaining to the eating of x

x-ogenesis x-ogenetic x-ostasis x-ostatic

The production of x Pertaining to the production of x The stopping of x Pertaining to the stopping of x

x-edema x-edematous x-ospasm x-ospastic x-ectasia x-ectatic

The swelling of x Pertaining to the swelling of x A spasm of x Pertaining to a spasm of x The distention of x Pertaining to the distention of x

x-opexy x-opectic x-orrhexis x-orrhectic

The adhesion/fixation of x Pertaining to the adhesion/fixation of x The rupturing of x Pertaining to the rupturing of x

x-oscopic

Pertaining to the examination of x OR Pertaining to an instrument for examining x Pertaining to the recording of x OR Pertaining to an instrument for recording x OR Pertaining to a record of x

x-ographic

Medical Terminology Chapter 2 Combining Form Anthropo Som(at)o Derm(at)o Epiderm(at)o Ctyo x-ocyte Arthro Acro Melo Cephalo Tricho Blepharo Opthalmo Oto Rhino Prosopo Facio Cervico Trachelo Omo Brachio Ancono Cheiro / chiro Dactyl Onycho Thoraco Stetho Mast Mammo Thele Omphalo Umbel(ic)o Gluteo / gluto Gono / gonyo Podo Pedo

Translation Man Body Skin Epidermis cell A cell of x Joint Extremities Limb Head Hair Eyelid Eye Ear Nose Face Face Neck Neck Shoulder Arm Elbow Hand Digit Nail Chest Chest Breast Breast Nipple Navel Navel Buttock Knee Foot foot

Medical Terminology Chapter 3

Latin

Derma / dermis Epidermis

Cervix

Brachium

Thorax

Mamma

Umbilicus

Pes

Bones Osteo x-ostosis Oss(e)o Skeleton Cranio Cleido Claviculo / Clav(ic)i Acromio Coraco / coracoido Humero Cubito Ulno Radio Carpo Phalango Scapula Rach(i)o / rhach(i)o Myelo Spondylo Vertebro Costo / costi Sterno Xipho / xiphoido Coxo Pelvi / pelv(i)o ilio Ishcio Pubo / pubi Sacro Coccygo Acetabulo Femoro Patello Tibio Fibulo Tarso Calcaneo Talo Astragalo Connectors

Bone The ossification of x Bone Skeleton Skull Collar bone Collar bone Acromion Coracoid process Humerus Elbow Ulna Radius Wrist Phalanges Shoulder blade Spine Spinal cord / bone marrow Vertebra Vertebra Rib Chest Xiphoid process Hip Pelvis Ilium Ischium Pelvis Pubis Coccyx Acetabulum Femur Knee-cap (patella) Tibia Fibula Tarsus (ankle) Calcaneus Talus Talus

Os Cranium Clavicula Acromion Humerus Cubitus Ulna Radius Carpus Phalanges Scapula Spina Vertebra Costa Sternum Coxa Pelvis Ilium Ischium Pubis Sacrum Coccyx Acetabulum Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsus Calcaneus Talus Astragalus

Chondro Cartilag(in)o Myo / myoso Musculo Teno / tenon(t)o Tendo / tendino Desmo Syndesmo / syndesmoso Ligamento Aponeuro / aponeuroso Achillo

Cartilage Cartilage Muscle Muscle Tendon Tendon Ligament Ligament Ligament Aponeurosis Achilles tendon

Cartilago Musculus Tendo syndesmosis Ligamentum Aponeurosis

Medical Terminology- Chapter 4 Nervous System Encephalo Cerebro Cerebello Membrano Meningo Ependymo Neuro Nervi Gangli(on)o Neurono (neuro)glio Radiculo Sympathy(et)o / sympathico Vago

Brain Brain Cerebellum Membrane Meninges Ependyma Nerve Nerve Ganglion Nerve cell Neuroglia Radicle Sympathetic nerves Vagus nerve

The Eye Opthalmo Opt(ic)o Oculo Core / cor(e)o Pupillo Ker(at)o Corneo Sclero Retino Uveo Ir(id)o Cyclo

Eye Eye Eye Pupil Pupil Cornea Cornea Sclera Retina Uvea Iris Ciliary body

Encephalon Cerebrum Cerebellum Membrana Meninx Ependyma Nervus Ganglion Neuroglia Radicula

Oculus Pupilla Cornea Sclera Retina Uvea Iris

Cilio / ciliaro Choroido / chorio Conjuctivo Cantho Phaco Dacryo Lacrimo Dacryocysto

Ciliary body Choroid Conjunctiva Canthus Lens Tear Tear Tear sac

The Ear Tympano Malleo Incudo Staped(i)o Myringo

Middle ear Hammer Anvil Stirrup Tympanic membrane

Conjunctiva Canthus

Tympanum Malleus Incus Stapes Myrinx

Medical Terminology- Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System Hem(at)o (haem-) x-(h)emia Sanguine / sangui Hamoglobino Plasm(at)o / plasma Thrombo Thrombocyto Sphygmo Card(i)o Aorto / aortico Valv(ul)o Ventriculo Pericard(i)o Myocard(i)o Angio (angei-) Vaso / vasculo Arter(i)o Phlebo Veno Capillaro Varico Cirso

Blood The abnormal presence of blood in X (OR the abnormal presence of X in the blood) Blood Hemoglobin Plasma Clot Blood platelet Pulse Heart Aorta Vavle Ventricle Pericardium Myocardium Vessel Vessel Artery Vein Vein Capillary Varix Varix

Thrombus

Aorta Valv(ul)a Ventriculus Pericardium Myocardium Vas Arteria Vena Varix

Lymphatic System Lympho / lymphato Lymphangio Lymphadeno Spleno Leino

Lymph Lymph vessel Lymph node Spleen spleen

Glands (endo)crino Hormone Adeno Glandulo Pinealo Hypophys(e)o Parot(id)o Thyr(oid)o Parathryo / parathyroido Thymo Adreno / adrenalo Suprareno / suprarenalo Insulo Gonado

Secretion Hormone Gland Gland Pineal gland Pituitary gland Parotid gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus Adrenal gland Adrenal gland Islets of Langerhans gonad

Lympha lymphaden Lien

Glandula Hypophysis

Thymus

Insulae

Pg. 76 of textbook- gland-ism= a condition caused by the malfunction of ______ (gland)

Medical Terminology Chapter 6 masc. singular masc. plural fem. singular fem. plural neut. singular neut. plural

Noun

Adjective

Adjective

musculus musculi vena venae ligamentum ligamenta

cardiacus cardiaci cardiaca cardiacae cardiacum cardiaca

cervicalis cervicales cervicalis cervicales cervicale cervicalia

RESPIRATORY Rhin/o Nas/o Sin(us)/o Sept/o Antr/o

Nose Nose Sinus Septum Antrum

Pharyng/o Nas/o/pharyng/o, Rhin/o/pharynx/o Epi/glott(id)/o Laryng/o Trach/e/o Bronch/o, Bronch/i Pne/um(on)/o Pulm(on)/o Pleur/o Phren/o Dia/phragm(at(o Medi/ast/in/o Spir/o Pne/o Pne/um(at)/o DIMINUTIVES MASCULINE x-ul/us X(i)-cul/us x-ell/us x-ill/us x-ol/us

Pharynx Nasopharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchus Lung, Air Lung Pleura Diaphragm Diaphragm Mediastinum Breathing Breathing Air, Lung

FEMININE x-ul/a x(i)-cul/a X-ell/a x-ill/a x-ol/a

NOMINATIVE PLURALS Plural Ending Gender

NEUTER x-ul/m x(i)-cul/um x-ell/um x-ill/um x-ol/um

Translation

x-i

Masculine

x-ae

Feminine

x-a

Neuter

(several) x-es (adjectival) (several) x-es (adjectival) (several) x-es

x-es

Masc/Fem

(adjectival) (several) x-es

x-ia

Neuter

(adjectival) (adjectival)

Combining Form Gnath/o

(valvule) (miniscule) (umbrella) (pupilla) (cabriolet)

Corresponding Singular Form x-us x-us x-a x-a x-um x-on x-um x-s x-is x-is x-e

Translation Jaw

A little x A little x A little x A little x A little x

Max/ill/o Mand/i/bul/o Geni/o Ment/o Stom(at)/o Or/o Cheil/o Labi/o Bucc/o Gloss/o Lingu/o Palat/o Uran(isc)/o Staphyl/o Uv/ul/o Cion/o Chapter 7:

Upper jaw Lower jaw Chin Chin Mouth Mouth Lip Lip Cheek Tongue Tongue Palate Palate Uvula Uvula Uvula

Combining Form Odont/o Dent/o, Dent/i Peri/odont/o Gingiv/o Ul/o Dent/in/o (En)amel/o a/damant(in)/o Pulp/o Cement/o

Translation Tooth Tooth Periodontium Gums Gums Dentin Enamel Enamel Pulp Cementum

Combining Form Axi/o Dist/o Mesi/o Incis/o Occlus/o Cervic/o Labi/o Bucc/o Lingu/o Gingiv/o Pulp/o

Translation Axial Distal Mesial Incisal Occlusal Cervical Labial Buccal Lingual Gingival Pulpal

Chapter 8: Combining Forms Front/o Pariet/o Oc/cipit/o Atl(ant)/o Tempor/o Mast(oid)/o Styl/o, styl/oid/o Petr/o, petr/os/o Squam/o, squam/os/o Sphen/o, sphen/oid/o Zygomat(ic)/o Ethm(oid)/o Lacrim/o Nas/o Max/ill/o Mandibulo Sut/ur/Hy/o

Translation Frontal bone Parietal bone Occiput Atlas Temporal bone Mastoid process Styloid process Petrous part of the temporal bone Squamous part of the temporal bone Sphenoid bone Zygomatic bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Maxilla Mandible Suture Hyoid bone

Terminations x-aux/is x-o-cirrh/os/is x-o-cleis/is x-(h)elc/os/is x-i-fer/ous x-o-tox/ic/os/is x-o-tox/ic x-o-tox/in x-o-tox/ic/ity

Translation The enlargement of x The hardening of x The closure of x The ulceration of x Bearing x The poisoning of x Poisonous to x A substance poisonous to x The ability to poison x

Terminations x-apheresis x-(en)chys/is x-o-camps/ia

Translation The removal of x The injection of fluid into The bending of (therapeutic) The curvature of (diagnostic) An instrunment for bending The crushing or rubbing of x An instrunment for crushing or rubbing x

x-o-camp x-o-trips/y x-o-trib/e

Chapter 9 Celi/o Amdomin/o Ventr/o Lapar/o Peri/ton(e)/o Mes/enter(i)/o Splanchn/o Viscer/o Es/o/phag/o Gastr/o Stomach/o Cardi/o Oment/o Epi/pl/o Epi/plo Ply/or/o Du/o/den/o Chol/e/cyst/o Chol/e/doch/o Chol/angi/o Hepat/o Pan/cre(at)/o Enter/o Jejun/o Ile/o Col/o Col/on/o Cec/o Typhl/o Ap/pend(ic)/o Sigm/oid/o Proct/o Rect/o An/o Sphincter/o Sial/o Ptyal/o Chym/o Chyl/o Chol/e

Abdomen/ abdomen wall Abdomen Abdomen Abdominal wall Peritoneum mesentery Viscera Viscera Esophagus Stomach Stomach Cardiac part of the stomach Omentum Omentum Omentum Pylorus Duodenum Gall bladder Common bile duct Bile duct Liver Pancreas (small) intestine Jejunum Ileum Colon Colon Cecum Cecum Appendix Sigmoid fold Rectum or anus Rectum Anus (anal) sphincter Saliva Saliva Chime Chyle Bile

Chol/o Bil/i Copr/o FecSterc(or)/o Scat/o -doch/o x-o/stom/a

Bile Bile Feces Feces Feces Excrement Duct An opening made in x

Chapter 10: Urogenital systems Combining Form Lumb/o Inguin/o Peri/ne/o Gen/it/o

Translation Loin Groin Perineum Genitals

Combining Form Ur/o Ur/on/o x-ur/ia x-ur/es/ist Ur/at/o Ur/e/aUr/e/o Ur/o/bil/in/o Nephr/o Ren/o Pyel/o Pelv(i)/o Pelv/i Ureter/o Cyst/o Cystid/o Vesic/o Urethr/o

Translation Urine/ urinary tract Urine/ urinary tract The abnormal presence of x in the urine The passage of x in the urine Urate Urea Urea Urobilin Kidney Kidney Renal pelvis Renal pelvis Renal pelvis Ureter Bladder/ cyst Bladder/ cyst Bladder/ cyst urethra

Combining Form Sperm(at)/o Semin/o Semen/o Osche/o Scrot/o

Translation Semen/ spermatozoon Semen Semen Scrotum Scrotum

Orchi/o Orchid/o Test/o Test/i/cul/o Epi/didym/o Vas/o Vesic/ul/o Gon/e/cyst/o Spermat/o/cyst/o Pro/stat/o Phall/o Pen/o Balan/o

Testis Testis Testis Testis Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicle Seminal vesicle Seminal vesicle Prostate Penis Penis Glans penis

Combining Form o/o Ov/o Men/o Em/men(i)/o x-o-men/ia o/o/phor/o Ov/ar/i/o Salping/o Tub/o Hyster/o Metr/o Uter/o Cervic/o Trachel/o Colp/o Vagin/o Clitor(id)/o Clitor/i Vulv/o Epis(i)/o Nymph/o Hymen/o

Translation Egg/ ovum Egg/ ovum Menses/ menstration Menses/ menstration Vicarious menstruation from x Ovary Ovary Uterine tube Uterine tube Uterus Uterus Uterus Cervix (of the uterus) Cervix (of the uterus) Vagina Vagina Clitoris Clitoris Vulva Vuvla Nymphaea Hymen

Chapter 11: Psychological Terms Combining Form Psycho Phren/o

Translation Mind Mind

Ide/o Neur/o Er(ot)/o Nyct/o Hypn/o Oneir/o Narc/o Pharmac/o Esth/es(i)/o An/esth/es(i)/o Hallucin/o Nos/o Hyster/o Epi/lept/o Pseud/o Terminations x-o-phob/ia x-o-phob/e x-o-phil/ia x-o-phil/ic x-o-phil/e x-o-phil x-o-phil/i/ac x-o-man/ia x-o-man/ic x-o-man/i/ac x-o-leps/y x-o-lagn/ia Chapter 12: Substances Combining Form Hydr/o Hygr/o Aer/o Phys/o Sarc/o Hist/o Hist/i

Idea Emotions Sexual desire Night Sleep/ hypnotism Dream Stupor Drug Perception Loss of perception Hallucination Disease Hysteria Epilepsy False/ falsely Translation A morbid dread of x One with a morbid dread of x A morbid fondness for x Pertaining to a morbid fondness for x (psychology) Having an affinity for x (physiology) One with a morbid fondness for x One with a propensity to (do the action of) x Something with an affinity for x x-o-phil/ic x-o-phil/e A morbid fondness for x Pertaining to a morbid fondness for x x-o-philiac A seizure of/involving x Sexual gratification involving x

Translation Water/ fluid Moisture Air/ gas Gas Flesh Tissue Tissue

Syn/ov(i)/o Epi/thel/i/o Kary/o Nucle/o Fibr/o In/o In/os/o Elast/o Elast/ic/o Muc/o Muc/i Muc/os/o Myx/o Blenn/o Ser/o Ser/os/o Lip/o Lipar/o Adip/o Adip/os/o Steat/o Pimel/o Seb/o Cer(umin)/o Chol/e/ster(ol)/o (h)idr/o Py/o Lith/o Kerat/o Alcohol/o Alkal/o Alkal/i Pur(in)/o Amyl/o Acid/o Acet/o Acet/i Ket(on)/o Galact/o Lact/o Ole/o Glyc/o

Synovia Epithelium Nucleus Nucleus Fiber Fiber Fiber Elastic tissue Elastic tissue Mucus Mucus Mucus Mucus Mucus Serum Serum Fat/ lipids Fat/ lipids Fat Fat Fat Fat Sebum Wax Cholesterol Sweat Pus Calculus Horn Alcohol Alkali Alkali Purine Starch Acid Acid Acid Ketone bodies Milk Milk Oil Sugar

Sacchar/o Opson(in)/o Opsin/o Myel/in/o Porph(yr)(in)/o Eos/on/o Gel(at)/o Gelat/i Zym/o En/zym/o Peps/in/o Pept/in/o Prot/e(in)/o Album(in)/o Pept(on)/o Colla/gen/o Fibr/in/o Tox/o Tox/ic/o Arsen/o Arsen/ic/o Metall/o Crystall/o Hyal/o Vitr(e)/o Calci/o Calc/i Anthrac/o Cupr/i Sider/o Ferr/o Stann/o Thi/o Kali/o Kal/i Iod/o Iod/in/o Iod/i a/zot/o Phos/ph(at)/o Phos/phor/o Hal/o

Sugar Opsonin Opsonin Myelin Porphyrin Eosin Jelly Jelly Enzyme Enzyme Pepsin Pepsin Protein Albumin Peptone Collagen Fibrin Poison Poison Arsenic Arsenic Metal Crystal Glass Glass Calcium Calcium Carbon Copper Iron Iron Tin Sulfur Potassium Potassium Iodine Iodine Iodine Nitrogen Phosphate/ phosphorus Phosphate/ phosphorus Salt

OxyOx/i Coni/o x-oma x-om(at)/o Onc/o x-onc/us

Oxygen Oxygen Dust A tumor involving x A tumor involving x Tumor A tumor involving x

Chapter 13: Prepositional Prefixes Combining Factors HyperEpiSup/r/a HypoSubInf/r/a Per/i Circ/umParaEx/tr/a ExEx/o Ect/o End/o EnEx/oEct/o Pr/ePr/oRe/tr/oPostTransIn/terSynAnt/i-

Translation Excessive/ above Upon/ excessive (very rare) Above Insufficient/ below Below Below Surrounding Around Beside Outside Outside Outside Outside Inside Inside Inside Inside Before Before Behind Behind/ after Through Between/among Together/ with against

Prefixes Common In Technical English AbAdComDeDis-

Translation (away) from/ off To/ towards/ at Together/ with Away/ (down) from/ about/ concerning Apart/ away

ExInObPerPr/ePr/o ReSeSubTrans-

Outside/ out of In(to)/ on(to) Against/ near Through/ over Before Before/ for Back/ again Away Below/ under/ beneath Through/ across

Less Common Prefixes AnaAnt/eApoCataCon/tr/a DiaSup/erUl/tr/a

Translation On/ up(on) Before Off/ from Down Against Through Above beyond...