Fungi - Course work PDF

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Name: ___Yunhan Li___________________________

Date: ___05/08/2020______________________

Exercise 33. Fungi

Image. Terms related to fungal infections

Purpose: To examine the different fungi in the lab. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

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Slide of __Penicillium chrysogenum_________

TM: __40X_____

TM: _400X___

TM: _1000X____

Description: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __During 40X, I can see a large cluster of bright pink, rod or round shaped cells, within the large cluster, there is a smaller group of rectangle group of cells that is much more tightly packed. At 400X, the cell looks like a flower with a long stem and a finger like projection at the top of the cell, pink color. At 1000X, this flower shaped cell become larger, elongated thin body, with 3 finger-like projection extends to the top, somewhat transparent so that I can see the pink dots within it. The fungi is Penicillium chrysogenum, slide #37-40

Slide of __Rhizopus stolonifera_______________

TM: __40X_____

TM: _100X___

TM: _400X____

Description: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __At 40X, I’m able to observe quite a few cells that have an elongated cell body and a large round head, they are all bright pink, and there are a lot of cells in the background that just have the elongated cell body. While at 100X I’m able to see the cells is bright pink, elongated thin body, some have a round head, while some have a head look like mushroom. At 400X, I can see a bright pink head that is somewhat round overall but with a flat bottom, a pink 2

transparent layer surrounding the head. The fungi are Rhizopus stolonifera, slide #42-44.

Slide of __Candida albicans__________________

TM: _40X______

TM: __400X__

TM: _1000X____

Description: _____At 40X, I can see there is a cluster of red colored coccus shaped cell, with a darker colored smaller cluster of _ cells within the large cluster of cells. At 400X, I can see the red coccus cells are attached to each other and __ forming many small groups, some is red, some is purple colored. At 1000X, I can see they are like tiny pebbles, __ pink and purple color, oval shaped. The fungi are Candida albicans, slide #8-10. ___________ ___ Slide of __Saccharomyces cerevisiae___________

TM: __40X_____

TM: __400X__

TM: _1000X____

Description: _At 40X, it looks like a large body of cells with the color of pink and shape of coccus. Some are standalone while _more is attached to each other. While at 400X, I can see those pink and coccus shaped cells are group together _but have a gap between themselves. At 1000X, I’m able to see they are pink colored, oval shaped cells with one _or more dots within the cell body, possible nucleus. The fungi are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, slide #12-15. 3

Slide of ___Aspergillus niger_______________

TM: _40X______

TM: _400X___

TM: __1000X___

Description: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _In 40X, I can see a cluster of blue colored elongated cell body, some have a black head while most don’t. At 400X I can see the black head of the cell is composed of many little black coccus dots. At 1000X, I can see an elongated Cell body with a black head, within the inner head, it is like a tree bark made out of the cells, at the outer head, I see many tiny elongated cells that looks like dandelion. The fungi are Aspergillus niger, slide #32-35. Slide of __Rhizopus zygote__________________

TM: _40X______

TM: _100X___

TM: _400X____

Description: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __At 40X, I can see a blue colored cell that is composed of two part, with each part have a rod base and a pointy tail. At 100X, it is similar to 40X, but we can see there is a group of coccus shaped dots at the bottom of the upper rod cell body while there is none observable at the lower part. At 400X, we can see the cells in the upper part is composed of irregular shaped cell, while the lower part of the rod also have many coccus shaped dots in them. 4

The fungi are Rhizopus zygote, slide #52-54.

Multiple Choice. Circle the correct answer choice. 1. Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE? _A_____ a. Most fungi are pathogenic for humans. b. Most fungi grow well in acidic culture condition. c. Fungi reproduce by forming asexual or sexual spores. d. Fungi tolerate low moisture conditions. e. Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs. 2. In the table, which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium sp.? _D_____ 1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium 2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore 3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore 4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore a. b. c. d. e.

3 and 4 4 and 6 1 and 4 2 and 6 1 and 2

3. Plasmogamy, karyogamy, and binary fission are stages of the fungal sexual life cycle. __A___ a. True b. False

4. In the table, which of these spores are characteristic of Rhizopus sp.? __B_____ 1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium 2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore 3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore 4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore a. b. c. d. e.

6 and 7 7 and 8 1 and 2 2 and 8 1 and 4

5. Which of the following statements is FALSE? _D____ a. Fungi produce sexual spores. b. Fungal spores are for asexual or sexual reproduction. c. Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi. d. Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents. e. Fungi produce asexual spores. 6. Ringworm is caused by a(n): _B____ a. nematode. b. fungus. c. trematode. 5

d. cestode. e. protozoan. 7. Yeast infections are caused by: _C_____ a. Aspergillus sp. b. Saccharomyces sp. c. Candida sp. d. Penicillium sp. e. none of the above 8. What can you conclude about the pictured fungal spores? _____

Based on your observation of the picture fungal spores select ALL appropriate statements.  The fungus that made these spores can also reproduce by budding. _____  The fungal spores shown are produced asexually. ___X___  The pictured spores were most likely made by an Aspergillus mold. ______  The fungal spores shown are produced sexually. ______  This is an image of basidiospores. ______  This is an image of ascospores. _______  This is an image of conidia. ___X____  The pictured spores were most likely made by a Penicillium mold. __X____

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9. What can you conclude about the pictured fungal spores? ______

A micrograph of a fungus with spores. A threadlike structure ends with an oval enlargement covered with numerous chains of small spherical structures.         

Based on your observation of the picture fungal spores select ALL appropriate statements. This is an image of ascospores. _____ This is an image of basidiospores. ______ This is an image of conidia. _X_____ The pictured spores were most likely made by a Penicillium mold. ______ The fungal spores shown are produced sexually. ______ The fungal spores shown are produced asexually. __X____ The fungus that made these spores can also reproduce by budding. ______ The pictured spores were most likely made by an Aspergillus mold. _X____

10. What can you conclude about the pictured fungal spores? ______

A micrograph of a fungus with spores. A large structure is separated into three portions. The middle one contains a mass of spherical structures. The other two portions are clear. Based on your observation of the picture fungal spores select ALL appropriate statements. 7

       

The fungal spores shown are produced asexually. _____ The fungal spores shown are produced sexually. _X____ This is an image of sporangia. _____ This is an image of conidia. ______ The pictured spores could have been made by Rhizopus. _X_____ A multicellular fungus formed these spores. _X____ This is an image of ascospores. _____ This is an image of zygospores. __X____

11. What can you conclude about the pictured fungal spores? ______

A micrograph of fungi with spores. There are two large spherical structures covered with dots. Both have a smaller round structure inside them. Based on your observation of the picture fungal spores select ALL appropriate statements.       

The pictured spore could have been made by Rhizopus. _X____ This is an image of ascospores. _____ This is an image of sporangia. _X_____ This is an image of zygospores. ______ The fungal spores shown are produced asexually. _X____ This is an image of conidia. _____ The fungal spores shown are produced sexually. ______

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