Grammaire Anglaise PDF

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Exercices de grammaire anglaise - Année 2017/2018...

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Grammaire Anglaise “Never use the passive where you can use the active” Active and passive comparison : is/was -

this house was built in 1961 : was built is passive

When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does: -

my grandfather was a builder/ He built this house in 1961 It’s a big company. It employs two hundred people

EX 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving Cheese is made from milk The roof of the building was damaged in a storm a few days ago You were invited to the wedding. Why didn’t you go? A cinema is a place where film are shown In the US, elections for president are held every four years Originally the book was written in Spanish, and a few years ago it was translated in English Although we were driving fast, we were overtaken by a lot of other cars You can’t see the house from the road. It is surrounded

Passive and action When we use the passive, who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant: -

a lot of money was stolen in the robbery (somebody stole it, but we do not know who)

Passive structure: present simple The passive is be (is/was etc.) + past participle (done / cleaned / seen) EX 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Ask about glass. (how/make?) = how is glass made ? Ask about tv. (when / invent ?) = Whenwas tv invented ? Ask about mountains. (how / form?) = How are mountains formed ? Ask about antibiotics. (when / discover?) = When were antibiotics discovered ? Ask about silver. (what / use for?) = What silver is used for ?

EX 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

It’s a big factory. Five hundred people are employed there Water covers most of the earth’s surface How much of the earth’s surface is covered by water? The park gates are locked at 6.30pm every evening The letter was sent one week ago and it arrived yesterday

6. The boat hit a rock and sank quickly. Fortunately everybody was rescued. 7. Robert’s parents died when he was young. He and his sister were brought up by their grandparents. 8. I was born in London, but I grew up in Canada 9. While I was on holiday, my camera was stolen from my hotel room EX 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

The situation is serious. Smth must be done before it’s too late I should have received the letter by now. It might have been sent to the wrong address A decision will not be made/taken until the next meeting Do you think that more money should be spent on education? This road is in very bad condition. It should have been repaired a long time ago The injured man could not walk and had to be carried I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to be woken up at 6.30 the next morning If you had not pushed the policeman, you would not have been arrested It’s not certain how the fire started, but it might have been caused by an electrical fault

EX 5 1. Somebody has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned 2. Somebody is using the computer right now. The computer is been used 3. I did not realise that somebody was recording our conversation. I did not realise that our conversation was being recorded 4. When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game. When we got to the stadium, we found that the game had been cancelled 5. They are building a new ring road round the city. A new ring road is being built 6. They have built a new hospital near the airport. A new hospital has been built EX 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

This room looks different. (you / paint / the walls?) = Have you painted the walls? My car has disapperared (it / steal!)= It has been stolen! My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take)= Somebody has taken it Sam gets a higher salary now. (he / promote)= He has been promoted Ann can’t use her office this week. (it / redecorate)= It is being redecorated There was a pb with the photocopier yesterday, but now it’s OK. (it / work)= It is working again. It has been repaired. 7. When I went into the room, I saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place (the furniture / move)= The furniture had been moved 8. A neighbour of mine disappeared six months ago (he / not / see / since then)= He has not been seen since then More being The passive of doing/seeing etc. is being done / being seen etc. Compare: -

Active: I don’t like people telling me what to do

EX 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Steve hates being kept waiting We went to the party without being invited I like giving presents and i also like being given them It’s a busy road and I don’t lie crossing it. I’m afraid of being hit / being killed I’m an adult. I don’t like being treated like a child You can’t do anything about being stock in a traffic jam

Get You can use get instead of be in the passive : -

there was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt (=nobody was hurt) i don’t get invited to many parties (=i’m not invited)

EX 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt Alex got stung by a bee while he was sitting in the garden These tennis courts don’t get used very often. Not many people want to play I use to have a bicycle, but it got stolen a few a months ago Rachel works hard but doesn’t get paid very much Last night I got arrested / got stopped by the police as I was driving home. One of the lights on my car wasn’t working 7. Please pack these things very carefully. I don’t want them to get broken 8. People often want to know what my job is. I get asked that question a lot

It is said that George is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is, but: -

it is said that he is 108 yo he is said to be 108 yo

Both these sentences mean : ‘Mean people say that he is 108 yo’ We can use these structures with a number of other verbs, especially: alleged / believed / considered / expected / known / reported / thought / understood -

The police are looking for a missing boy. It’s believed that the boy is wearing a white sweater and blue jeans. The boy is believed to be wearing a white sweater and blue jeans

EX 3 1. It is expected that the strike will end soon. The strike is expected to end soon 2. It’s expected that the weather will go good tomorrow. The weather is expected to be good 3. It’s believed that the thieves got in through a window in the roof. The thieves are believed to have got in through a window in the roof

4. It’s reported that many people are homeless after the floods. Many people reported to be homeless after the floods 5. It’s thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing 6. It’s alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour. The man is alleged to have been driving at 110 miles an hour 7. It’s reported that the building has been badly damaged by the fire. The building is reported to have been badly damaged by the fire 8. It’s said that the company is losing a lot of money. The company is said to be losing a lot of money 9. It’s believed that the company lost a lot of money last year. The company is believed to have lost a lot of money last year 10. It’s expected that the company will make a loss this year. The company is expected to make a loss this year

It is supposed to Sometimes (it’s) supposed to ... = (it’s) said to...: -

I want to see that film. It’s supposed to be good (=it’s said to be good) Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China. Is it true?

EX 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

How is it that everybody seems to know about the plan? It’s supposed to be a secret You should not criticise me all the time. You are supposed to be my friend I should not be eating this cake really. I m supposed to be on a diet I’m sorry for what i said. I was trying to be funny. It was supposed to be a joke What’s this drawing? Is it a tree? Or maybe it’s supposed to be a flower You should not be reading the paper now. You supposed to be working

Have something done We use have smth done to say that we arrange for somebody else to do smoothing fo us. -

Lisa repaired the roof (she repaired it herself) Lisa had repaired the roof

EX 5 1. 2. 3. 4.

Lisa did not repair the rook herself. She had it repaired I did not cut my hair herself. I had it cut We did not clean the carpets ourselves. We had them cleaned John did not build that wall himself. He had it built

Get smth done You can also ‘get smth done’ instead of ‘have smtn done’

-

When are you going to get the roof repaired ?

EX 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

We are having the house painted (we / the house / paint) this week. I lost my key. I’ll have to have another key made When was the last time you had your hair cut? Do you have a newspaper delivered to your house every day, or do you go out and buy one ? If you want to wear earrings, why don’t you have your ears pierced? Gary was in a fight last night. He had his nose broken. Did I tell you about Jane? She had her credit card stole Security was very strict at the airport, we all have our bags searched...