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Growth with Justice A COMPENDIUM OF PAPERS PRESENTED BY THE PARTICIPANTS OF NATIONAL SEMINAR ON GROWTH WITH JUSTICE AT UNITY DEGREE COLLEGE LUCKNOW, INDIA APRIL 10, 2016 COMPILED BY Masood Rezvi PUBLISHED BY LEAD Trust (Lucknow Educational And Development Trust), Flat No. G/C-6, Shahid Apartment, Go...

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Growth with Justice A COMPENDIUM OF PAPERS PRESENTED BY THE PARTICIPANTS OF NATIONAL SEMINAR ON GROWTH WITH JUSTICE AT UNITY DEGREE COLLEGE LUCKNOW, INDIA APRIL 10, 2016

COMPILED BY Masood Rezvi

PUBLISHED BY LEAD Trust (Lucknow Educational And Development Trust), Flat No. G/C-6, Shahid Apartment, Golagunj, Lucknow (U.P.), India Email: [email protected] Website: www.leadtrust.net 1st Edition 2016

The views expressed are of the respective authors; and only they are responsible for the contents of their papers, as also for the intellectual property rights of the material used by them. All disputes are subject to Lucknow jurisdiction only.

The royalty earned will be used exclusively for charity. Copyright © 2016 LUCKNOW EDUCATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENT TRUST All rights reserved. ISBN: 1519227078 ISBN-13: 978-1519227072

DEDICATION To all those persons, who yearn for an equitable and sustainable growth and development of the human species The Homo sapiens.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments 1

Inaugural Address

vii 1

By: Honourable Mr. Justice Imtiyaz Murtaza 2

The LEAD Trust and Growth with Justice – an Introduction

3

By: Mr. Masood Rezvi 3

Urbanisation A Key Facilitator to Economic Growth

7

By: Mr. H. K. Mazhari IAS (Retd.) 4

India vs. Bharat: The Urban-Rural Divide

29

By: Prof. B. N. Singh 5

An Agenda for 21st Century India

41

By: Dr. Anis Ansari IAS (Retd.) 6

An Analysis of Trends In Employment, Wages And Productivity In Indian Agriculture

47

By: Dr. Ajay Singh Yadav 7

Growth With Justice – Technological Aspects

67

By: Mr. M. V. Rangacharyulu 8

Growth with Justice and The Petroleum Sector, A Global Perspective

79

By: Mr. Syed Ghulam Murtuza Rizvi 9

Islamic Banking Entering the Indian Markets With Special Reference to Growth with Justice

99

By: Dr. Syed Mohammad Ali Rizvi, Prof. Somesh Kumar Shukla and Mrs. Guncha Fatima 10 Higher Education and the Socio-economic Development of Indian Minorities By: Mr. Mohammad Allam

115

A compendium of papers presented for the national seminar of April 10, 2016 organised by the LEAD Trust and Unity Degree College, Lucknow, India

11 The Environmental Protection In Armed Conflict: Need of A Fifth Geneva Convention

131

By: Dr. Jaishree Jaiswal 12 Growth and Justice in India: A Historical Perspective

143

By: Dr. Sadaf Khan 13 Economic Development with Social Justice

155

By: Dr. Nazia Naqwi 14 Growth, Justice, Democracy and Dissent

165

By: Mrs. Tahira Hasan 15 Abuse And Violation of Intellectual Property Rights

171

By: Mr. Md. Wali Iftikhar 16 Poverty Alleviation In India After Independence In View of Growth with Justice

191

By: Mr. Swadesh Deepak and Prof. A. B. Siddiqui 17 The New Face of Banks’ Lending to The Priority Sector

201

By: Dr. Tahira Akhtar 18 Growth with Justice: Constitutional Safeguard to Children and Their Growth

211

By: Ms. Kamini Vishwkarma 19 Societal Development of Human Life with The Development of Material and Machinery

217

By: Dr. A. K. Srivastava 20 The Global Impact of the Minimum Wage Policy By: Dr. Shashank Shekhar and Mr. Swadesh Deepak

vi

227

Growth with Justice

21 The Present Scenario and Future Prospects of Higher Education in India

235

By: Dr. Dinar Fatima and Ms. Binish Fatima 22 Feminist Pedagogy: A New Way to Educational Growth

249

By: Dr. A. H. Rizvi 23 Growth of Higher Educational Institutions to Bring Out The Equal Opportunities Among The Education Seekers

259

By: Ms. Zia Afroz and Ms. Rupali Sharma 24 Guaranteed Success with RSETI

269

By: Mr. S. K. Singh 25 Induced Employments for Growth and Justice

271

By: Mr. Shailendra Srivastava 26 Global Measures of Gender Inequality with Special Reference to India - An Analysis

273

By: Mr. Syed Ali Akhtar 27 Indian Legal System as A Saviour Of “Growth with Justice”

285

By: Ms. Maria Fatima 28 Technological Aspects of Growth with Justice

297

By: Ms. Nabiha Khwaja 29 Educational Aspects of Growth with Gender Justice within Uttar Pradesh

305

By: Ms. Novaira Masih 30 Economic Growth with Justice By: Mr. Ajatshatru Singh

vii

309

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We, the trustees of LEAD Trust, thankfully acknowledge the patronage provided to us by Honourable Mr. Justice Imtiyaz Murtaza and Prof. B. N. Singh. We are extremely thankful to our guests of honour especially Dr. Anis Ansari, Prof R. S. Yadav, Prof. M. Verma, and Mr. H. K. Mazhari as also to all the learned scholars who have taken the trouble of writing these papers and to the delegates and audience participating in the seminar. We want to put on records our very special thanks to Prof. Anjum Abrar for his help and guidance in organising the event. We are also highly obliged to the Management, the Principal Prof. A. B. Siddiqui, the faculty, the students and the staff members of Unity Degree College for providing us all the infrastructural support for the seminar. We are also thankful to M/S Create Space Independent Publishing Platform, USA and M/S Amazon for providing us such a convenient platform for publishing the book and a smooth and frictionless vehicle for its global distribution. Last, but not the least we are extremely thankful to those who supported us financially by giving an advertisement in this compendium. Even a small financial support was a big moral boost for us.

A QUESTION FROM THE PAST DECADE “…while rapid GDP growth rate is a necessary condition for the nation's well-being in the 21st century, it is by no means a sufficient condition. Economists have long accepted that the market may be a very efficient allocator of resources to maximise output but not an adequate dispenser of social justice. Altogether expectations of a GDP growth rate of 8-9 percent as has been suggested recently depend very materially on the commodity producing sectors of agriculture and manufacturing industry performing much better than now and in a more consistent fashion. This is, of course, possible; but the chances of achieving such a growth rate require the stepping up of domestic investment rather steeply and an all round increase in factor productivities, together with more employment of labour. What really are the prospects in this regard?” (K S Krishnaswamy in Economic & Political Weekly March 13, 2004)

1 INAUGURAL ADDRESS (By: Honourable Mr. Justice Imtiyaz Murtaza∗)

G

rowth and Justice are the two fundamental necessities of the human society. The impetus for growth is an insatiable instinct of the human race and perhaps the most fundamental drive which distinguishes it from all other known forms of life. The desire to grow has been the fuel for the engine which has brought us to this stage of developmental supremacy over all other living creatures. From the primitive nomads not much different from chimpanzees, we have grown to a stage where we are capable of listening to the birth cries of a black hole far, far away in the fathomless universe which took place million years ago. In this journey, however, we have reached a juncture, where we all must address a few fundamental questions. And the most basic of these questions will be - whether our growth can be called a healthy growth? A very common layman analogy will perhaps clarify the seriousness of the question. If we see a potbellied young child gaining weight very fast, but not growing the limbs and other organs proportionately, and who is in a habit of messing up and soiling his own living room, destroying the furniture and breaking the window panes, will we say that the child is healthy? No, never! Without any medical examination, even the most ordinary onlooker will tell that the poor child has become unhealthy physically and mentally. ∗

Former Senior Judge, Honourable High Court of Judicature at Allahabad (Lucknow Bench), Chairman Unity Technical Institute Society and Unity Degree College, Chairman Justice Murtaza Husain Educational Charitable Trust and Patron LEAD Trust.

A compendium of papers presented for the national seminar of April 10, 2016 organised by the LEAD Trust and Unity Degree College, Lucknow, India

Some recent reports disturbingly tell that the gains of the human race are now becoming comparable to the plight of that sick child. There have been reports and claims, and of course, which can be observed even by a common person, that the distribution of resources is becoming very heavily lopsided. It has been reported that 50% of the world resources are being owned and controlled by only 1% of the population while the other 99% of the population is making itself content with the remaining 50% of the resources only. There are also reports that, not an ordinary doomsayer or a clergy, but a scientist of the stature of Prof. Stephen Hawking has prophesied that the planet earth is going to be destroyed within a couple of centuries or so! Brother Masood Rezvi has dwelt upon the subject passionately in his recent book “Tightening Noose of Poverty” published by the LEAD Trust. The situation clearly calls upon for an immediate attention on distributive justice. The law-framers, the judiciary, the academia, the technocrats, the urban planners and developers, the rural experts, the media, the bureaucracy, and of all, we the people; must seriously work towards a reliable standard of Growth with Justice. Distributive justice has to be ensured on the legal front, economic front, sociological front, educational front and technological front etc, for a long term survival, development and well-being of the human species. This seminar is a joint effort by the LEAD Trust, Unity Degree College and Justice Murtaza Husain Educational Welfare Trust in this regard. I congratulate the organisers, the Trustees, the Principal and faculty members of Unity Degree College for collecting an impressive galaxy of experts, thinkers, academicians and practitioners in different relevant fields to brainstorm on the subject, and wish that this effort will not end with this seminar but will continue for the times to come. I am sure this humble effort will go as a milestone in the annals of the history of growth with justice.

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2 THE LEAD TRUST AND GROWTH WITH JUSTICE – AN INTRODUCTION (By: Mr. Masood Rezvi∗)

W

hat is the ultimate fruit of education? Wisdom! And what is wisdom?

Let’s first try to understand what is NOT wisdom. Wisdom is neither a measure of the amount of information and data stored in our brain cells nor of the dexterity with which we can perform tasks which were originally invented and perfected by others. Wisdom is, rather, the ability to absorb and input information and data from the outside as well as from within our own selves; sift, arrange, classify, doubt, question, reject, accept and connect each and every item of such data with each other to find, invent and create holistic solutions hitherto unknown to the humanity; learning, unlearning and relearning in the way. Wisdom gives us out of the tunnel vision. Our mother land India, since times immemorial, has been the most fertile ground for supporting and nurturing wisdom. Great thinkers and wise people - from the architects of the Harappan civilisation to the saints, thinkers, philosophers, astronomers, physicians, mathematicians, physicists and what ∗ Managing Trustee, Lucknow Educational And Development Trust (LEAD Trust) and Member GB Unity Technical Institute Society.

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A compendium of papers presented for the national seminar of April 10, 2016 organised by the LEAD Trust and Unity Degree College, Lucknow, India

not of the ancient ages to the planners, engineers, bards, poets and Sufis of the medieval era to thinkers, lawmakers, and scientists of the modern age right up to the brilliant son of India Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam - have been gifted by India to the humanity. Some of the brightest jewels, humanity could produce. In fact, while standing here before you at the Unity Degree College, I remember one of such persons I had a chance to work with and he was the Honourable Late Mr. Justice Murtaza Husain, the founder secretary of Unity Technical Institute Society and Unity Degree College. These people were wise people and original thinkers, and not just educated people – as is generally understood from the word ‘educated’ by many. We felt the need of an organisation – under the patronage of Honourable Mr. Justice Imtiyaz Murtaza, the illustrious son of Honourable Late Mr. Justice Murtaza Husain – separately and exclusively concentrating on providing a platform where scholars and learned thinkers from different walks of life interact with young men and women so as to quicken the seeds of wisdom into their minds, while the original organisation the Unity Technical Institute Society concentrates on its noble goal of providing technical and job-oriented education to people from the weaker sections of the society. Thus, Lucknow Educational And Development Trust (LEAD Trust) came into being in October 2015. Under the visionary guidance of Honourable Mr. Justice Imtiyaz Murtaza as also of Dr. B. N. Singh within a short span of six months of its existence the Trust has the following achievements to its credit: 1

Organised Kisan Goshthi (Farmers’ Meet) at Unity Girls School at Village: Sidhnath, Asiwan, Mianganj Unnao, in which Prof. B. N. Singh guided farmers about the cultivation of wheat and rice and answered their queries.

2

Helped in the free distribution of biofortified wheat seeds to some farmers on a trial basis under HarvestPlus programme by Centre for Research and Development, Gorakhpur.

3

Published the book “Tightening Noose of Poverty” by Masood Rezvi, which is available in Large Font Edition and Abridged Edition, both in paperback and Kindle 4

Growth with Justice

format, internationally on Amazon. 4

Is holding the seminar Growth with Justice and has published this book which is again available both in paperback format and in kindle format, internationally on Amazon.

This seminar is the first in the series. We will be organising such seminars biennially in addition to workshops, conferences and brainstorming sessions on relevant contemporary subthemes and issues. We will be encouraging the younger generation to think and write, almost any genre, from books of scientific and technical utility to, novels, short stories, poems etc., and will give them debut by publishing their work and promoting it globally. We will be working on technology transfer to farmers and artisans and encourage innovative developmental technology and business strategy for Growth and Development of the economically marginalised classes, without any discrimination whatsoever. We, definitely invite you, ladies and gentlemen, to kindly support us generously, through purchasing our publications, subscribing to our events, writing for us, inviting us to hold such events in your city, town or village; inviting others to join and donating to us for building our own financial base if you so desire. With these words, I thank you very much for your support and for your benign presence and move out of your way to let you get immersed in the wisdom of all the thinkers and writers who are presenting their papers in the seminar.

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sponsored

Best wishes from:

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3 URBANISATION A KEY FACILITATOR TO ECONOMIC GROWTH (By: Mr. H. K. Mazhari∗, IAS(Rtd.))

Abstract

U

rbanisation is the manifestation of changes brought about in the rural landscape due to changes in the means of production of goods and services accompanied by movement of people with skills to perform the activities in the changed means of production. Each country has its own definition of an urban area mostly on the basis of the economic activities like manufacturing, the population engaged non-primary activities, the number of people living per unit area and the public agency responsible for the affairs of the city. In India, the urban areas are defined based on the minimum population of 5000 persons and ¾th of male population engaged in manufacturing and other non∗ Hussain K. Mazhari is by training a Civil Engineer and a City Planner having obtained his Bachelor of Engineering Degree from National Institute of Technology Allahabad and Masters in City Planning from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He is also an Alumni of International Institute of Aerial Surveys and Earth Sciences Enschede, Netherlands. He is a fellow of Institute of Town Planners India and life member of Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi. He has nearly 45 years of experience of working in the field of Urban Planning, Urban Development, Urban Management and Urban Governance. After his retirement from the Indian Administrative Service as Commissioner and Secretary Urban Development, Government of Meghalya, he took to consultancy and worked as a free lance consultant in projects funded by Multilateral Agencies like Asian Development Bank besides projects supported by Japan Bank for International, Cooperation where he worked as Institutional Expert, Team leader, Urban Utility Management Specialist, Urban Governance Specialist.

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A compendium of papers presented for the national seminar of April 10, 2016 organised by the LEAD Trust and Unity Degree College, Lucknow, India

agriculture activities and the area has an urban local body like the municipal corporation/ municipal council or a Nagar Panchayat. As per census 2011, there are 7933 towns. Urban areas in India have grown nearly 3times during 1901- 2011. The recent census shows a decline in the growth of very large metro cities but much higher growth in one million plus cities and smaller towns. The paper focuses on the provision of urban infrastructure and gives an overview of the present status and deficiencies for the quality of urban life depends on the quality of urban infrastructure and level of service delivery. It attempts to understand the reasons for the poor quality of life in urban areas and analyses the entire gamut of urban planning, urban development, urban management and urban governance and briefly mentions how the deficiencies can be improved. It suggests the participation of the people in preparation of master plans, design and implementation and maintenance of the urban infrastructure and service delivery absence of active participation is the main reasons for tardy implementation of urban plans and lacklustre enforcement of development control. It highlights the importance of the role of urbanisation as a key facilitator for economic development measures; it is only by having well-planned sustainable, resilient and efficiently managed and well-governed towns and cities that we can expect higher and sustainable economic growth. Investment in the cities and towns are in fact investment for economic growth, prosperity and welfare of the people. 1

Urbanisation in India

Urbanisation is the process of change in production of goods and services from Agriculture to non-Agriculture activities with the dominance of manufacturing and services. The outcome of this change is manifested in terms of changes in the landscape of the rural areas when it goes through the proces...