Hip Hop Midterm Notes PDF

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Summary

Teacher was Dr. Jeanette Jones, there are only two test (midterm and final) so these are the notes up until the midterm. Detailed enough to ace the midterm exam....

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Burrows of NYC - Brooklyn - Queens - Bronx - Staten Island - Manhattan BRONX (1968-1977) Early Days - Primarily white in the 60s-70s - Irish, catholics, italians, polish, jewish, germans - POC migrating into the Bronx (white people move to co-op city) - POC: jamaican, barbados, haiti, trinidad - Speaking english, spanish, french - People stereotype the bronx as junkies/impoverished - Drug use was very common (heroine, methadone) - Parties were in public housing - Robert Moses (1888-1981) - Bronx River Houses, Soundview (1951) - Millbrook Houses, Mott Haven - Patterson Houses, Mott Haven Sedgwick Houses, Morris Heights - Pelham Pkwy Houses, Pelham Parkway Gangs *there were 100s of them; 70% puerdoriccan, 30% black - Ghetto Brothers - Savage Skulls - Black Spades - Grim Reapers - Royal Javelins Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five - Iconic DJ - The DJ was the focus b/c he figured out where the MC should rap - “The Message” - lyrics describe the stress of inner city poverty - Written by melle mel

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Sampled in many songs

Afrika Bambaataa & the Soul Sonic Force - Afrofuturism Jazzy Jay (Jayson Byas) The G.L.O.B.E. (John Miller) Mr. Biggs (Ellis Williams) Pow Wow (Robert Darrell Allen) BLACKOUT OF 1977 - Electricity went out across NYC - Upcoming DJs stole local equipment during chaos HIP HOP FOUNDATIONAL ELEMENTS - DJing - MCing/Rap - Breakdancing - Graffiti Founding Generation - Grandmaster Flash (Joseph Saddler) and the Furious Five - DJ Kool Herc (Clive Campbell) - Grandmaster Melle Mel (Melvin Glover) - Grandmaster Caz aka Casanova Fly (Curtis Fisher) - Afrika Bambaata (unknown) - Kool Keith (Keith Matthew Thornton) and Ultramagnetic MC’s - DJ Disco Wiz (Luis Cedeño) SUGAR HILL RECORDS - Founded by Sylvia Robinson in 1979 - Mother of hip hop - Allows people to get on vinyl HIP HOP GENRES - Disco - “Car Wash” - “Love to Love You Baby” - Reggae - “Wonderful World”

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- “Beautiful People” - One Love” Salsa - “Guantanamera” - “The Hustler” Merengue Funk - “Dance to the Music” - “Give Up the Funk” Soul - “Say it Loud”

QUEENS (KING’S COUNTY) Roxanne Shanté - First lady to release a single that went platinum - Started at 14 - “Roxanne’s Revenge” (1984) - Lolita Shanté Gooden MC Shan and Marley Marl - “The Bridge” (1984) - Shawn Moltke and Marlon Williams - Queensbridge Park Nas’ Illmatic (1994) - Nasir bin Olu Dara Jones - Crown Heights, Brooklyn + Queensbridge Projects Mobb Deep (Prodigy, Havoc, Big Noyd) - Albert Johnson, Kejuan Muchita, TaJuan Akeem Perry - “Shook Ones” (1995) DEF JAM RECORDS - Steve Bartels - Subsidiary of Columbia Records - The premiere label of the rap industry - First group RUN-DMC; first soloist LL Cool J

RUN-DMC - Joseph “Run” Simmons - Darryl “D.M.C.” McDaniels - Jason “Jam Master Jay” Mizell LL Cool J - James Todd Smith - Bay Shore, Queens, raised in Hollis - First 4 albums went platinum - Signed to def jam - “Rock the Bells” (1985) - “Mama Said Knock You Out” (1990) - MTV Unplugged (1991) BROOKLYN The Fat Boys - Prince Markie Dee, Kool Rock-Ski, Buff Love aka The Human Beat Box - Party music, songs played in the club - “Can You Feel It” MC Lyte - The first lady of rap/hip-hop - First solo female rapper to release a full album - Started at 13 - Record label (independent) is called Sunny Girl (1997) - “Cha Cha Cha” Big Daddy Kane - Master lyricist (plays w/ analogies, similes, word-play) - Antonio Hardy Lil’ Kim - Hard Core - The Notorious K.I.M. - La Bella Mafia - Embraces her sexuality, very explicit Foxy Brown

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Il Na Na Chyna Doll Broken Silence

Notorious B.I.G. - Christopher Wallace/ Biggie Smalls - Membership in Junior MAFIA - Ready to Die - Life after Death - Born Again - Hypnotize (sampled between the sheets) Jay-Z - Shawn Corey Carter - Came from Marcy Projects - Marries Beyonce in 2008 Mos Def and TALIB KWELI - “Ms Fat Booty” - “GET BY” - Pan african vibe LONG ISLAND - Historical Context - Post civil rights era - BLACK SUBURBIA - Long Island’s “black belt” - Black middle class - Def Jam - Signs a lot of people coming out of Long Island - Nation of Islam - Five-Percent Nation - “GANGSTA RAP” - From Compton, CA - Eric B + Rakim - Eric Barrier - Originally from Queens - Rakim (William Griffin) - From Wyandanch, Long Island

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- “I Know You Got Soul” (1987) - Universally recognized as the premiere MC/DJ team Public Enemy - Chuck D (Carlton Ridenhour) - Flavor Flav (William Drayton) - Khari Wynn - The S1W (James Bomb) - Professor Griff (Richard Griffin) - Terminator X (Norman Rogers) - DJ Lord (Lord Aswod) - “Fight the Power” (Opening scene of Do The Right Thing  directed by Spike Lee) Busta Rhymes - Trevor George Smith Jr. - Born in Red Hook, Brooklyn then moved to Long Island - Apart of Leaders of the New School - Does a lot of collaborations DE LA SOUL - Kelvin Mercer (Posdnuos/Plug One) - Vincent Mason (Maseo/Plug Three) - David Jude Jolicoeur (Trugoy/Plug Two) - “Stakes is High” - Hip Hop by the 90’s has gone mainstream - They are critiquing the image that hip hop is now - How it’s important how many women, cars, houses you have - People are sacrificing quality hip hop culture - Black bohemian style, laid back

CALIFORNIA (GANGSTA RAP) - COMPTON - N.W.A. (Niggaz Wit Attitudes) - Eazy E (Eric Lynn wright), Ice cube (O’shea Jackson), Dr. Dre (Andre Romelle young), MC Ren (Lorenzo Jerald Patterson), DJ Yella (Antoine Carraby) - Managed byJerry Heller - Straight Outta Compton ( 2015) - “Fuck tha Police” (1988) - Called to express police brutality - Michel’le - Was with them all the time

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- Dr. Dre would beat her - Made a movie about her called “Surviving Compton” Snoop Dog - Calvin Cordozar Broadus Jr - DoggyStyle (1993) - Death Row Records - Gin & Juice - Doggfather (1996) - Neva Left (2017) - Collaborations with Dr. Dre - “Nuthin but a G Thing” Ice Cube - Breaks w NWA, goes solo - AmeriKKKa’s Most Wanted (1990) - Death Certificate (1991) - The Predator (1992) - Lethal Injection (1993) Tupac - Tupac Amaru Shakur - Family affiliated w/ Black Panther Party - Born in East Harlem - Read a lot about politics and liberation - Interscope Records and Death Row Records - 2Pacalypse Now (1991) - Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. (1993) - Me Against the World (1995) - All Eyez on Me (1996) - Posthumous releases - Acting Career - Juice (1992) - Poetic Justice (1993) - Afeni Shakur - Credits him being beaten to a change in some of his lyrics Ice-T - Tracy Lauren Marrow - Born in Newark, New Jersey - Moved to LA in 6th grade - South Central and Crenshaw - West Side Rollin 30s Original Harlem Crips

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O.G. Original Gangster (1991) Home Invasion (1993) Controversy over song “Cop Killer” (1992) - Ironically plays a cop Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Kendrick Lamar - Kendrick Lamar Duckworth - Overly Dedicated (2010) - Section.08 (2011) - good kid, m.A.A.d city (2012) - To Pimp A Butterfly (2015) - untitled unmastered (2016) - DAMN (2017) - Many accolades

HIP HOP TO MAINSTREAM MEDIA - Yo! MTV Raps - 1988-1995 - Dissipated in 1995 when executives realized it should just be apart of the regular rotation - MTV felt like they were missing out on a demographic - Produced by Ted Demme - Source M  agazine - Rap periodical - From new york city - Contrast to Word Up! Magazine - 1991 association to Yo! - We needed accolades for hip-hop artists - 1995 INFAMOUS SOURCE AWARDS- “the south has something to say” - The south rises - Fueled the beef between East and West - Wanted to be more ghetto; more hardcore - BIG v. Tupac - HSAN - Founded in 2001 - Serves as a catalyst for helping at risk youth - Wants people to run for office and to vote - Wants to develop youth and civic participation

The east coast- west coast beef obscured the rise of the south because too many people were focused on that battle right in front of their faces. People weren’t keeping an eye on southern rap in the background. When Outkast said “the south got somethin’ to say” in his speech, it let people know that they had been on the rise and that were coming to the top. SOUTHERN RAP - Goodie Mob- “Dirty South” (1994) - Not interested in stylized lifestyle - Very raw - Rough growing up - Negative connotation of confederate flag - Outkast - Atlanta, GA - “Hey Ya!” - Homage to 60’s music - Ludacris - Raised in Atlanta - Breakout album- Incognegro - Missy Elliott - Grew up in Virginia - Producers - Pharrell Williams - Grew up in Virginia - Part of The Neptunes - Hip Hop Productions - Ludacris - Busta Rhymes - Missy Elliott - J Cole - North Virginia - Timbaland - Virginia - Collabs w/ - Aaliyah - Missy Elliott (before Pharrell) - Justin Timberlake - Genuwine - Nelly Fertado TRAP MUSIC

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Gucci Mane - Atlanta Migos - Lawenceville, GA - “I Get the Bag”

OHIO/CHICAGO/DETROIT/ST. LOUIS - True Midwest: Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indianna, Ohio - Nelly - Country Grammar (2000) - From Texas but moved to St. Louis - Accused of rape but dropped charged - Kanye West - From GA but moved to Chicago - Collaborations w/ Jay-Z - Eminem - Raised in Detroit - Slim Shady - Bone Thugs and Harmony - Art of War- “ The Crossroads” - Cleaveland TAGGERS - Writer tags or bombs a canvas (like a train) - Wild style - Throw up: throwing a bunch of stuff up there - End to end or top to bottom - Black books: where you sketch out your pieces BREAKDANCING - A lot of b-boys/b-girls are also taggers - Choreography - Locking - Uncle sam - Anna Sanchez - The Rock Steady Crew DJS -

TR-808

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Turntablism Stylus (needle) Wafer Torque Theory

FASHION - Chains - Bomber jackets - Baggy jeans - Designer bags - Bamboo earrings HOOK - Came from the “post industrial soul” era - Common elements - Rhythmic - Catchy - Not super long - Repetitive - Sampling - 5 min write: A hook is typically a short part of the song that acts as a chorus for the song. It can be longer but typically lends itself to be distracting if it goes on for too long. It’s more rhythmic and melodic than the rap portion of the piece. The song slows during the hook, making it stand out from the rap. It’s usually very catchy and can be repetitive, making it easy for the audience to remember the lyrics. Also, many hooks are sampled from songs that were made in the past. This made crate digging important to the hook as songs were repurposed. COLLABORATION - Working together to produce something...