History Gr 10 Culminating Student Handout PDF

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UN and Canada Relationships ● ● ● ●

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Canada has been in the UN since 1945 when it was created & has helped in Peacekeeping since then. Korean War The Korean War started on July 25th, 1950 and ended on July 27th, 1953 Korea used to be part of Japan, but split into two after WW2, by Communist and Democratic powers Communist North Korea (DPRK) Democratic People's Republic of Korea supported by the Soviets and Communist China (Mainland China Became Communist in 1949) Vs Democratic South Korea (ROK) Republic of Korea supported by Democratic UN powers. Both Koreas want to unify Korea in their way. The Cold War began, (Cold War: A state of political hostility between NATO and Warsaw Pact States) North Korea Invaded South Korea, North Korea almost fully captures Korea, UN forces arrive push back to North Korea-Chinese border. Chinese “Volunteers” join and push back the UN to the 38th parallel, eventually, there is a stalemate at the 38th parallel, conflict stops with the Armistice. Kapyong was a Significant battle of the war that Canadians fought in and won. 516 Canadian Lives Lost, over 1200 wounded, over 27000 Canadian troops fought in Korea 7000 during peacekeeping

From the end of the war until 1957 Canada and the UN kept peacekeeping troops preventing an attack Canada protected UN ships, fought in the air and on land, without Canada the DMZ which was made after the war could have been in a different area, the war could last longer, or another War could have happened Cyprus Crisis Coup D’etat - An overthrowing of an existing Government Cypriot - An inhabitant of the country Cyprus Cyprus was a British Colony until 1960, it has a majority Greek and minority Turkish population The Turks and the Greeks fought a lot which caused the UN to intervene Once Canada and the UN came they created a Green Line, which separated the two ethnicities The line had a fine balance (Fighting was on the verge) and it was finally broken when the Greek caused a Coup D’etat, this, in turn, caused the Turkish to invade Cyprus This attack made the UN and Canadian soldiers separate the two groups into opposite sides of the island The UN then had to turn the green line into somewhat of a border with one side having Greek People, and the other side having Turkish people. Suez Canal Crisis The 1956 Suez Crisis was a military and political tension between Egypt, Israel, Britain and France primarily. The crisis started with the Egyptians taking over the Suez Canal and breaking the Anglo- Egyptian treaty in which Britain got control over the canal. Israel invaded Egypt on Oct 29, 1956, later helped by Britain and France to gain control of the canal and area around it. The Soviet Union supported Egypt and threatened to nuke Western Europe if troops weren’t pulled out. The US was not in support of Israel, Britain and France's invasion of Egypt and threatened to post economic sanctions on the three countries if troops weren’t pulled out. Canadian UN representative Lester B. Pearson tried to work towards a diplomatic solution to the Suez Crisis but failed. Pearson decided to change his tactics and worked with other delegates at the UN and proposed a striking solution on Nov 4, 1956. He proposed that the UN should have a large-scale peacekeeping force. On November 6th, 1956, a ceasefire was arranged and the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) entered the canal area, under the command of Canadian General E.L.M. Burns. Lester B. Pearson was also awarded in 1957 with the Nobel Peace Prize for his peace initiative in Egypt. If this crisis was not resolved then it could've turned into a war and this event gave birth to the UNEF which still today tries to maintain peace in international conflicts....