HW 8 - Instructor: Dr. Marina Crowder PDF

Title HW 8 - Instructor: Dr. Marina Crowder
Course Introduction to Human Heredity
Institution University of California Davis
Pages 3
File Size 41.8 KB
File Type PDF
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Summary

Instructor: Dr. Marina Crowder...


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MCB1 0 :Ho me wor k8 Du eMa y28 • Fo rEXAM 2 , i de nt i f yo neo ft heque s t i o nsy o ug o ti nc or r e c t . I fy o ug o ta l lque s t i o ns c o r r e c t , c hoo s et heque s t i o ny o uf o undt obet hemos tc ha l l e ng i ng . Re fle c to nt hi sque s t i o ni ny o ur r e s po ns e sbe l o w. Te s tVe r s i o n( c i r c l eo ne ) :ABC Que s t i on# :1 3 • Ho wdi dy o urt hi nki ngt a key o ut ot hea ns we ry o uc ho s e ?Wh yi st hi sa ns we r i nc o r r e c t ? • Iwa su n s u r eo ft hea n s we rf o rt h i sq u e s t i o ns oIu s e dp r o c e s so fe l i mi n a t i o nt ot r yt ofindt he c o r r e c ta n s we r . Th ea n s we rIc h o s ewa sE: Ap r o t e i nt h a tDNAwr a p sa r o u n dt op r o mo t ec o n de n s a t i o no fDNA i nt oc hr o ma t i n. Ic h o s eEb e c a u s eIr e me mb e r e dt h eg u e s t pr o f e s s o rt a l ki n ga b o u tt hi si nc l a s s , b u tt het e r mf o r t hi sd e fin i t i o ni sh i s t o n e s . • Wha ti st hec o r r e c ta ns we r ?Whyi st hi st hec o r r e c ta ns we r ?Wr i t eo rdr a wo uta n e x pl ana t i o n. • Th ec o r r e c ta n s we ri sC:Ap r o t e i nt h a tb i n d st ot h ep r o mo t e rs e q u e n c eo fag e net oa c t i v a t e mRNAs y n t h e s i s .Thi si sc or r e c tb e c a u s eat r a n s c r i pt i onf a c t o ri sak e ypl a y e ri nt h ep r o c e s so ft r a n s c r i p t i o ni n Ce n t r a lDo g ma . Tr a n s c r i pt i o ni swh e r eDNAd u p l i c a t e sa n dg e t st u r n e di n t oRNA, i nwh i c hr NAs y n t he s i si s n e e d e dt oc o mp l e t et h i sp r oc e s s . • I n3 7s e nt e nc e s , c o mpa r ea ndc ont r a s ts por a di cv e r s usi nhe r i t e dc a nc e r • Sp or a di cc a n c e r sa r er a nd o mmu t a t i o n si nDNAt h a ta r ec a us e db y“ c a r c i n o g e n s ”s u c ha s r a d i a t i o n , UVl i g h t ,s o mef oo d , a n dc h e mi c a l s . Th er i s ko fs p o r a d i cc a n c e r si n c r e a s e sd e p e n d i n gont h el i f e s t y l e a n d / o re n vi r on me n tap e r s o ni si n .Spo r a d i cc a n c e r sa r emo r ec ommo nt h a ti n h e r i t e dc a n c e r , i ti su s u a l l yt h e c a u s eo f9 0 %o fc a n c e r s . I ti sa l s oas o ma t i cmu t a t i o n , amu t a t i o ni ns e l f , me a n i n gt ha tap e r s onu s u a l l yn e e ds t woo rmo r eg e ne st obemu t a t e d .I n h e r i t e dc a n c e r sa r emut a t i on si nt h eg e r ml i n e . I n d i v i d ua l swi t hi n he r i t e d c a n c e r sa r ep r e d i s p o s e dt oc a n c e ro rt h e yha v eah i g h e rr i s kt oc a n c e rt h a nn o r ma lp e o p l e . Th er e a s o ni sb e c a u s e t he yo nl yn e e do n eot h e rg e n et ob e c o memu t a t e dt og e tc a n c e r . • I n3 7s e nt e nc e s , c o mpa r ea ndc ont r a s tt umo rs uppr e s s o rge ne s , pr o t oo nc o g e ne s , a nd o nc o g e ne s . At u mo rs u p pr e s s o rg e n ea r et he“ br a k e s ”i nt h ec e l lc y c l e . Th e ya r et h eg e n e st h a te nc o d ep r o t e i n st ha t n o r ma l l ya c tt o“ s t o p ”t h ec e l lc y c l e . I ft h e r ei samu t a t i o ni nt h et u mors u p p r e s s o rg e n e , t hec e l lc y c l ewi l ln o t b es t op p e di famu t a t e dc e l li sd e t e c t e d .Pr o t o o n c o g e ne sa r et h e“ g a sp e d a l s ”i nt h ec e l lc y c l e .Th e ya r et h e g e ne st ha tn o r ma l l ye n c od ef o rp r o t e i n st h a td r i v et h ec e l lc y c l e . I fp r o t oo nc o g e ne su n d e r g oo ra c q ui r e mu t a t i o n s , t he yt u r ni nt oo n c o g e n e s . On c o g e n e si sl i ket h e“ g a sp e d a l t h a ti ss t u c ka tg o . ”Th e ya r ea l wa y so n a n da c t i v et od r i v et hec e l lc y c l et ok e e pd up l i c a t i n gc e l l s . • I n3 7s e nt e nc e s , c o mpa r ea ndc ont r a s tbe ni g n, mal i g na nt , a ndme t a s t at i ct umor s . • Be n i g nt u mo rc e l l sa r ei nb e t we e nSt a g eIa ndI Iofc a n c e r . Th e ya r ea na b n o r ma lma s so fc e l l s t ha ts l o wl yg r o wl o c a l l ya n dd on o ts pr e a d . Th e ya l s oh a v et h ea b i l i t yt op r o gr e s s / mu t a t ei nt oama l i gn a n tt umo r . Ma l i gn a n tt u mo r s , a l s okn o wna sp r i ma r yc a n c e r , i sbe t we e nSt a g eI Ia n dI I Io fc a n c e r . Ma l i g n a n tt u mo r sha v e t hea bi l i t yt ome t a s t a s i z e , s p r e a da n di n v a d eo t h e rt i s s u e sa n dbl o o d s t r e a ms .Ma l i g n a n tc e l l st e n dt oh a v e i nc r e a s e dmu t a t i o ns , o rg e n o mi ci ns t a bi l i t y . Me t a s t a t i ct u mor ,a l s okno wna ss e c o n d a r yc a n c e r , i sSt a g eI Vo f c a n c e r . Ame t a s t a t i ct u mora r i s e swh e nma l i g n a n tc a n c e rc e l l sb r e a k sa wa yf r o mt h ep r i ma r yt u mo ra n di n v a de s o t he rt i s s u e . I tc a nt r a v e lt od i s t a ntt i s s u e svi at h ebl o o do rl y mp hs y s t e ma n dh a sv e r yr a p i dg r o wt ha n dh i gh g e n omi ci n s t a b i l i t y .Bo t hma l i gn a n tt u mo r sa n dme t a s t a t i ct u mo r sus er e s o u r c e so fhe a l t h yt i s s u e st oc on t i n ue g r o wi n g .

• I n3 5s e nt e nc e s , e x pl a i ni fa ndwhyy o uag r e eo rdi s a g r e ewi t ht hi ss t a t e me nt . St a t e me nt :Oneda y , t he r ewi l lbeas i ngl epha r mac o l o g i c a ldr ugt hatc ur e sa l lc a nc e r s . Id i s a gr e ewi t ht h i ss t a t e me nt ,b e c a u s ee v e nt h ou g ht h i si sp o s s i b l e , i t ’ sa1 / 10 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 …% t h a ts o me o n e wo ul dc o meu pwi t hadr u gt h a tc u r e da l lc a n c e r s . Th i ss t a t e me nt i sn e a r l yi mpo s s i b l et ob et r u eb e c a u s e c a n c e r sa r ec a u s e db ya na c c u mu l a t i o no fmu l t i p l emu t a t i o n si nDNA. I fo ned r u gwa sa b l et oc u r ea l lc a nc e r s , t he ni twou l dme a nt h a ti sh a st hea bi l i t yt oc u r ea l lo ft h ed i ffe r e ntc o mbi n a t i o n so fmu t a t i o n swi t h i na l lo ft h e d i ffe r e nt c e l l si no u rb o d y . Si n c eo u rb o d yh a s2 00 +d i ffe r e n tt y p e so fc e l l s , a n dwi t h i nt h o s ec e l l st h e r ea r e2 d i ffe r e nt t y p e so fs t r u c t u r e so ro r g a ne l l e s , t h i sf e a two u l db en e a r l yi mp o s s i bl e ....


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