Institution and Non-Institutional Corrections PDF

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Summary

Institution and Non-Institutional Corrections for jails/prisoners as two approaches in treatment of criminals....

Description

Institution correction

and

Non-

Institutional

(COAD) Definition of Terms:

Benefit of Clergy – from the 13th to 19th centuries, clemency shown to clergy guilty of crimes and extended eventually to any offender who could read.

Abreaction – intense emotional feelings.

Bifurcated Process – the separation of the guilt determination process from the sentence-determination process in

Accessory Penalties – those that are deemed included in the imposition of the principal penalties.

the criminal court system.

Admission Summary – it is a written compilation made by the staff regarding their findings on the prisoner.

Black Maria – a van used to transport prisoners, Paddly-wagon.

Adversarial Process – a system of determining guilt in which the state must prove its case against a defendant who is defended by an advocate. Affliction – distress of mind or body; that which causes continuing anguish or suffering. Anal Stage – sensual gratification shifts to the excretory function and the control of the sphincter muscles. According to Freud the sexual gratification, is focused on the elimination of body wastes it occurs on the second and third year of life of an individual. Asocial Aggressive – this is the commanding individual who responds with open hostility or physical or verbal aggression when frustrated. Asocial Passive – this individual pouts and sulks and reacts with passivity complaining or withdrawing when frustrated. Atavism – it is the reversion of man to his ape like ancestors and states that an individual could be born with criminal predispositions. Aversive Therapy – the coupling of a previously desirable stimulus with an extremely painful or undesirable conditioned response, as coupling alcohol with chemically induced vomiting. Bail – monetary amount for or condition of pre-trial release from custody of law. Or a money payment in return for which a defendant is given freedom pending trial or appeal. Bail Bond – it is a multi party contract involving the state, the accused will appear in subsequent proceedings.

Big School – slang for penitentiary.

Casework – in correctional work includes the professional services rendered by professionally trained personnel in the description and social treatment of offenders. Change Agent – a person or group responsible for helping a client to undertake planned changes in behavior situation. Often a professional, outside consultants. Close Confinement – for those incorrigible prisoners when lighter punishment has been proven to be ineffectual the use of bartolina or solitary confinement is justified when foreseen danger to the convict or others apparent. Compurgation – an early practice whereby the accused swears an oath of innocence backed-up by a group of oath helpers who would attest to his character and claim of innocence. Contagion – a condition in which prison inmates kept together without any attempt to divide them the involvement with crime, would transmit to each other means and techniques to commit further crimes once outside of prison. Courtesy Investigation – investigation conducted by another probation officer in behalf of the probation officer on case of the petitioner. Cultural Conformist – this is juvenile who identifies strongly with his delinquent peers and who considers himself tough. Cultural Identifier – responds to identification with a deviant value system by living out his

Baroning – a process by which a prison inmate obtains wealth, influence and power by means of selling tobacco.

delinquent beliefs. Cultural Shock – a psychological and social disruption experienced by a person suddenly placed in an unfamiliar

culture. Cummulative Case Summary – starts from the admission report of individual inmates to his behavior and response to treatment programs and serves as the basis in granting parole. Curfew – imposition on people the obligation to remove themselves from the streets on or before a certain time of night. Dark Figure – the number of crimes committed that are unreported to police. Definite Sentence – a sentence to prison for which the date of release is known on the day that the sentence is rendered Desensitization – the process of removing the anxiety inducing qualities of a feared object or situation. Diversification – penal implementation of segregation.

system’s

Domain Conflict – conflicts over resources, mission, responsibilities, or markets among several organizations. Ex Gratia – state is acting and out of its benevolence. Existentialism – is a philosophy that emphasizes that importance of mans existence and self-determinative faculty and the meaning that life has for him. Flat Term – prison term which there is no discretionary release date. Similar to definite sentence. Furlough – temporary release from jail or prison. Typically for a day, weekend, or holiday or for special visits such as a job test or interview or family crises, often part of a prerelease program. Gate Fever – the feeling of an immediate release from the penitentiary and the feeling of uncertainty in the part of the suppose parolee at the ebb of his release to the community. Gemeinschaft Pattern – is characterized by persons of homogeneous attributes similar to those providing for mechanical solidarity. Gesellshaft Configuration – is characterized by persons having heterogeneous attributes, interact with each othe in an impersonal manner and do not associate the welfare of

Golden Age of Penology – the period covering 1870 to 1880 was regarded as Golden Age of Penology. The highlights of the said period were as follows: - the organization of the National Prison Association last 1870, now referred to as American Correctional Association; the International Prison Congress was held in 1872. - It serves as a forum attended by representatives from different countries wherein improvement to prison systems were tackled in the assemble every 5 years; In 1876 the Elmira Reformatory was established which was considered the forerunner in modern penology; and in Indiana, Massachusetts USA the first separate was established. Greyhound Operations – a method in searching the prisoner for possession of contrabands inside the prisoner cells and compound. Idleness – the most persistent problem in almost all prison facilities which contribute to failure of the reformation programs. I- Level Theory – hypothesis which associates types of deviance and types of control with stages in the life cycle. Indefinite Sentence – is a sentence to prison in which release date is under the discretionary control of a release board. Indeterminate Sentence – a sentence of imprisonment for the maximum period define by law subject to the termination by the parole board at anytime after service of the minimum period. It is one with minimum and maximum periods of imprisonment. Indictment – formal charging of a defendant by a grand jury. Judean Christian Theory – emphasized that punishment has a redemptive purpose. Kangaroo Courts – existence of other discredited methods of discipline. Labeling Theory – a theory originating with Howard Becker that emphasized the selffulfilling prophecy in deviance

the group with their own.

processing that deviants behave in accordance with the labels they are given in the judgmental process.

M’naghten Case – basis for exempting law violators from their criminal liability by reason of insanity.

PENOLOGY - the study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders. It includes the study of control and

Mandatory Release – a release from prison required by statute where an inmate has been confined for a time

prevention of crime through punishment of criminal offenders.

period equal to his or her full sentence. Manipulative Technique – are ways of helping the parolee by altering his environmental conditions go as to being out satisfactory social adjustment in the individual. Medium Supervision – given to probationer’s needing moderate attention and requiring twice a month office reporting. Use yellow plan card tab. Minimum Supervision – probationer’s needing minimal attention and requiring not more than once a month office reporting. Use green plan card. Negative Reinforcement – the employment of a negative stimulus (such as punishment or removal of reward) for undesirable behavior rather than rewarding desired behavior. Ordeal – bases on the principle of divine intervention it is a method of determining guilt with the belief that innocent persons would be protected from harm. Pacta Sunt Servanda – a pact must be observed a treaty must be honored. Parum Est Coerce Improbos Poena Nici Probos Efficias Discipline – it is insufficient to restrain the wicked by punishing unless you render them virtuous by corrective discipline.

The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which means pain or suffering. Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of criminology that deals with prison management and the treatment of offenders, and concerned itself with the philosophy and practice of society in its effort to repress criminal activities. Penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still stands for the policy of inflicting punishment on the offender as a consequence of his wrongdoing. Positive Discipline – includes the work “discipline” in you, it is not basically punitive. Proselytizing – to convert or induce another to change his religious belief, sect or the like to another. RA 10575 – the New BUCOR Act of 2013 RA 6981 – Witness Protection Program Act RA 7438 – Defines the rights of the accused under custodial investigation. RA 7659 – Act re-imposing the death penalty. Recognizance – is a legal device deeply embedded in English Law originated as measures of preventive justice and as such it consist obliging persons. It is a mechanism whereby a person accused of crime may be released on his own strength pending trial of his case or on the assurance of a reputable person in the community that he will appear if called during the trial to testify.

Passive Agent – a term used by Glaser to represent parole officers who have a low emphasis on both assistance and control of parolees.

Regression – refers to the process that entails a simplification of behavior which may contribute harm inflicted upon oneself or render one vulnerable to others.

Pecuniary Liabilities – it consists of the reparation of the damage caused, indemnification of the consequential

Restorative Justice – refers to humanistic and non-punitive means to restore social harmony and correct wrongful

damages, fine and cost of proceedings; imposed upon persons who are criminally liable.�

acts.

Penal Management - Refers to the manner or practice of managing or controlling places

Retaliatory Retribution – refers to the intentional infliction of an appropriate amount of suffering on a competent

of confinement as in jails or prisons.

individual who has breached some code....