Intro to Behavioral Neuroscience - chapter 1-3 Flashcards Quizlet PDF

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flashcards and study guide for chapters 1-3...

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7/3/2021

Intro to Behavioral Neuroscience - chapter 1-3 Flashcards | Quizlet

Intro to Behavioral Neuroscience - chapter 1-3 Terms in this set (42)

neuron

neural plasticity

basic building block of the nervous system function: process, integrate, and communicate info

formation of new neural circuits and adaptation of existing circuits

a joining at the base of the brain by all major cerebral arteries circle of willis

function: provides an alternative route for blood supply in case one of the blood supplies to the brain become occluded

what is the charge during resting membrane

the difference in charge is around -50 to -80 millivolts (mV) w/ a mean around

potential?

-65 mV

axon

axon hillock

integrates then transmits information

cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body information is gathered from all the synapses and then integrated

astrocyte what are the 4 types if glial cells?

microglial cells oligodendrocytes schwann cells

star-shaped cell that weaves among neurons astrocytes

function: regulate blood flow when neurons are active involved in formation of new synapses and the pruning of old synapses maintain the extracellular ion balance

microglia

contain brain injury by removing debris from damaged or dead cells

fatty, insulating substance myelin

surrounds axons interrupted by nodes of Ranvier

oligodendrocytes

schwann cells

provide myelination within the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

provide myelination throughout the rest of the body

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Swelling of glial cells (mostly astrocytes) after brain injury edema

Damages neurons Responsible for many symptoms of brain injuries

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

somatic nervous system

brain and spinal cord

connects all body and systems to CNS

Connects the brain with the muscles and sensory systems

controls internal organs autonomic nervous system

Sensory/motor neurons regulating the gut fluid and nutrient balance Control is exerted through autonomic ganglia (collections of neuronal cell bodies) in different parts of the body

12 pairs (left/right sided) cranial nerves

Serve the sensory and motor systems of the head and neck Pass through small openings in the skull Never join the spinal cord

31 pairs (left/right sided) spinal nerves

Pass through small openings in the backbone Each spinal nerve consists of two branches ('roots')

dorsal root

sensory projections from the body to the spinal cord

ventral root

motor projections from the spinal cord to the body

what are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS Enteric NS

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innervate the ganglia

Preganglionic autonomic neurons

found in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Postganglionic neurons

then innervate the body from the ganglia

prepares the body for action (higher BP, pupil dilation, higher HR) sympathetic nervous system

"Fight or flight" norepinephrine

ganglia are dispersed through the body, mostly close to the organs they innervate parasympathetic nervous system

helps the body relax, recuperate, and prepare for future action "Rest and digest" acetylcholine

Dominated by neuronal cell bodies gray matter

Unmyelinated Primarily receives/processes information

Mostly axonal fiber tracts white matter

Heavily myelinated (hence the color) Primarily transmits information

meninges

three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

'tough mother'

dura mater

Durable outer sheet

'spider-like mother'

arachnoid mater

Web-like substance between dura and pia mater

'delicate mother'

pia mater

Innermost layer that adheres tightly to the brain

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Absorbs shock from impact Provides a medium for exchange of materials (e.g., nutrients) between the blood cerebrospinal fluid

vessels and the brain cells Mostly (99%) water Very similar to blood plasma, with the exception of protein content (~35 vs. 7000 mg/dL)

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what are the two kinds of stroke

hemorrhagic and ischemic

the study of electrical and chemical processes in neurons neurophysiology

aims at understanding how the brain receives, analyzes, and transmits information

electrical processes

chemical process

with in neurons

between neurons

why is the cell membrane is selectively permeable

it has a lot of ion channels that selectively let K+ (Kalium/potassium) in / out of

to K+ ions?

the cell

Since the cell mambrane has a lot of ion channels

Ceteris paribus, this leads to an even distribution of K+ on the cell's in- and

that selectively let K+ (Kalium/potassium) in / out

outside, because K+ will distribute evenly to even out the concentration gradient

of the cell, what does this lead to?

brief, large changes in polarization (charge) of the neuron action potential

They travel down axons to a neurons postsynaptic targets, and their pattern is the fundamental code of information conveyed in the brain

what is the mechanism underlying the action

the voltage-gated sodium- channel (Na+)

potential?

equilibrium potential

+40 mV

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