Intro to behavioral neuroscience exam 3 - vision Flashcards Quizlet PDF

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7/3/2021

intro to behavioral neuroscience exam 3 - vision Flashcards | Quizlet

intro to behavioral neuroscience exam 3 - vision Terms in this set (28) retina

eye

lens

pupil

rods

cones

receptive surface in back of eye

convert optical images (spatial formations of light) into neural messages (action potentials)

focuses light by having its shape changed by the ciliary muscles

controls the amount of light let into the eye

night vision; highly sensitive, low in acuity (sharpness)

color vision; high in acuity, less sensitive

What happens when a photon

Photons that strike cones/rods are captured by

enters the retina? - step 1

photopigment receptors

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intro to behavioral neuroscience exam 3 - vision Flashcards | Quizlet

These photoreceptors consist of an opsin, a gWhat happens when a photon

protein coupled receptor, which has a

enters the retina? - step 2

retinaldehyde(retinal) molecule covalently bound to it

What happens when a photon enters the retina? - step 3

When hit by a photon, the retinal dissociates from the opsin, which leads to transducinrelease (the Gprotein)

What happens when a photon

Transducinactivates PDE (phosphodiesterase), which

enters the retina? - step 4

is an enzyme that breaks apart cyclic GMP

What happens when a photon

cGMP holds sodium channels open, which then

enters the retina? - step 5

close

on-center bipolar cells

activated when light is presented on the center of the receptive field

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Off-center bipolar cells

activated by light in the periphery

ventral layers 1-2

magnocellular

doral layers 3-6

parvocellular

receive input from large ganglion cells, which Magnocellular layers

themselves are connected to large fields of receptors

have small receptive fields and are mainly Parvocellular layers

connected to cones, and can detect different wavelengths

Simple cortical cells

Complex cortical cells

How much of the adult human

respond best to an edge or a bar with a particular width, orientation, and location

on the other hand have some latitude for location

about 30%

brain processes some type of visual information?

Helmholtz' trichromatic

retina includes receptors for three primary colors

hypothesis

(RGB)

Hering's opponent-process

three physiological processes exist that represent

hypothesis

blue vs. yellow, green vs. red, and black vs. white

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color vision stage 1

Cones are receptive to certain wavelengths only

Local circuits in the retina lead to receptive field organization for wavelengths, similar to previously color vision stage 2

described (some ganglion cells are excited by specific wavelengths and inhibited by other wavelengths)

color vision stage 3

Information arrives via the optical nerve in the parvocellular LGNof the Thalamus

Information arrives at V1 via the optical radiation color vision stage 4

and is passed on to downstream secondary visual cortex

ventral stream

The 'what' pathway Visually identifies objects, faces, etc.

The 'where' pathway dorsal stream

Localizes objects and guides movements towards them

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