Intro to behavioral neuroscience - chapter 4 Flashcards Quizlet PDF

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7/3/2021

Intro to behavioral neuroscience - chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet mistry

Intro to behavioral neuroscience - chapter 4 Terms in this set (25) synaptic connections

interfaces between two nerve cells

excitatory

post synaptic membrane is depolarized

inhibitory

post synaptic membrane is hyperpolarized

brief chemical changes postsynaptic potentials

function: to trigger action potentials in the postsynaptic cell, to convey the information from the presynaptic cell

temporal summation

lock-and-key principle

g-protein

agonist

antagonist

inverse agonist

Neurotransmitters

ensures that spatial summation does not rely on perfect synchrony between inputs from two separate inputs

a specific neurotransmitter can only fit into a specific receptor protein - this is because it has the correct ligand

activate ion channels by releasing second substance w/in cell, called second messenger

ligand (e.g., a drug) that initiates the normal effects of the effector (e.g, opening a channel or sending a second messenger)

ligand that binds to a receptor but does not activate it ('blocking' it)

binds to the receptor and reverses normal function (rare)

a chemical that is released by the presynaptic neuron upon arrival of an action potential, and produces changes at the postsynaptic neuron

consist of: amine group (NH2) Amino acids

carboxyl group (COOH) side-chain functional group -> specifies which exact amino acid it is prominent examples: histamine, glutamate

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consist of: amine group (NH2)

amines

another functional group prominent examples: dopamine, adrenaline (epinephrine)

consists of long branches of 2 - 50 amino acids

peptides

prominent examples: opiates, oxytocin

ionotropic, fast, excitatory Nicotinic (nACh)

muscles use nACh receptors NACh antagonists lead to widespread paralysis (e.g., curare)

metabotropic (G-protein), slower can be both excitatory and inhibitory

Muscarinic (mACh)

a prominent mACh is atropine, which inhibits the function of the parasympathetic NS

originates from the substantia nigra of the midbrain Mesostriatal pathway (Motor control)

ascends as part of the medial forebrain bundle innervates the striatum

originates from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain

Mesolimbocortical pathway (Reward and

projects to the limbic system (amygdala, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus) and

reinforcement)

the cerebral cortex

peptides

long branches of amino acids

High receptor affinity

Drugs binds easily and activates receptor for a long time

Low receptor affinity

Binds to fewer receptor molecules and dissociates quickly

tolerance

effectiveness of a drug diminishes over repeated treatments

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Metabolic tolerance

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Bodily organs (liver, kidney) become increase efficient at removing drug before it becomes active

Changes in the receptors themselves, e.g., a reduction of the number of

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Cross-tolerance

Becoming tolerant to drugs of a similar chemical class (e.g., heroin and opioids)

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