Introduction to Psychology cellular biochemistry is the PDF

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Culturally determined characteristics include: the language spoken at home; religious observances; customs (including marriage customs that often accompany religious and other beliefs); acceptable gender roles and occupations; dietary practices; intellectual, artistic, and leisure-time pursuits; and...

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Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY

for AP

for AP (2nd Edition)

Google Classroom Sign Up ▪ Google Classroom Sign-up: ▪ Period 3 code: gfbzmch ▪ Period 4 code: 5gbxatr ▪ Period 8 code: tgai65h

AP Classroom Sign Up ▪ AP Classroom Sign-up for Psychology

Textbook Companion Site ▪ Google:

▪ go to myap.collegeboard.org ▪ click the Join a Course or Exam button

▪ worthpublishers.com/myersAP2e

▪ Period 3 code: JWWGD7 ▪ Period 4 code: JED2RD ▪ Period 8 code: 49GER7

▪ Click on 1st link →Save as a fave ▪ Lots of good resources (Flashcards, “Flip It Videos,” etc.)

Words Of Wisdom ▪ “Make quizlets and study for each quiz. Studying for the quizzes allows you to remember all the vocab easier instead of cramming before the test.”

Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology

-Laura Grogan In India, Buddha wondered how sensations and perceptions combined to form ideas.

Prescientific Psychology

Prescientific Psychology Confucius (551-479 B.C.)

In China, Confucius stressed the power of ideas and the importance of an educated mind.

Prescientific Psychology

Hebrew Scriptures

Hebrew scriptures linked mind and emotion to the body.

Prologue: Psychology’s Roots

Bobby Boucher (1975-

)

Prescientific Psychology ▪ Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? ▪ Are ideas inborn, or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

Mama Boucher linked mind and emotions to the heart. Bobby knows that she’s right.

Prescientific Psychology Socrates

(469-399 B.C.)

Prescientific Psychology Plato

(428-348 B.C.)

Socrates and his student Plato believed the mind was separate from the body, the mind continued to exist after death, and ideas were innate.

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle suggested that the soul is not separable from the body and that knowledge (ideas) grow from experience.

Prescientific Psychology

Prescientific Psychology

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

Descartes, like Plato, believed in soul (mind)-body separation, but wondered how the immaterial mind and physical body communicated.

Bacon is one of the founders of modern science, particularly the experimental method.

Prescientific Psychology

Prescientific Psychology

John Locke (1632-1704)

Locke held that the mind was a tabula rasa, or blank sheet, at birth, and experiences wrote on it.

Prescientific Psychology

What is the relation of mind to the body? Mind and body are connected

Mind and body are distinct

The Hebrews

Socrates

Aristotle

Plato

St. Augustine, Boucher

Descartes

Prologue: Psychology’s Roots

How are ideas formed? Some ideas are inborn

The mind is a blank slate

Socrates

Aristotle

Plato

Locke

▪ Psychological Science Is Born ▪ Empiricism ▪ Knowledge comes from experience via the senses ▪ Science flourishes through observation and experiment

Prologue: Psychology’s Roots

Perspectives ▪ “I don’t think the MC section was too bad…I think the perspective questions were the most difficult.” -Cathrena Collins

Prologue: Psychology’s Roots ▪ G. Stanley Hall

▪ Wilhelm Wundt ▪ opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig (Germany) in 1879

Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Structuralism ▪ used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind ▪ “the atoms of the mind” ▪ describe your immediate sensations while looking at a rose

▪ opened the first U.S. psychology lab at The Johns Hopkins University in 1883 ▪ 1st president of APA ▪ did research on adolescence and education

Edward B. Titchener (1867-1927

Prologue: Psychology’s Roots ▪ Functionalism

Prologue: Psychology’s Roots ▪ Psychological Science Develops

▪ focused on how behavioral processes function

▪ Wilhelm Wundt--German philosopher and physiologist ▪ William James--American philosopher ▪ Ivan Pavlov--Russian physiologist ▪ Sigmund Freud--Austrian physician ▪ Jean Piaget--Swiss biologist

▪ how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish ▪ influenced by Darwin ▪ opposed structuralism William James (1842-1910)

Psychological Science is Born

Psychology’s Roots

The Unconscious Mind Sigmund Freud and his followers emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior.

Freud (1856-1939)

Psychological Science Develops Behaviorism

Watson (1913) and later Skinner emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of scientific psychology.

Prologue: Psychology’s Roots ▪ Definition of Psychology ▪ the science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings)

Psychological Science Develops Humanistic Psychology

Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our need for love and acceptance.

Prologue: Contemporary Psychology ▪ Psychology’s Big Issue:

Nature vs. Nurture

Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

▪ Nature-Nurture Controversy

Natural Selection ▪ principle that those inherited trait variations contributing to survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

▪ the relative contribution that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors ▪ Biology = Nature ▪ Environment = Nurture

Prologue: Contemporary Psychology ▪ Psychology’s Perspectives ▪ A lot depends on your viewpoint

Perspectives ▪ “I don’t think the MC section was too bad…I think the perspective questions were the most difficult.” -Jenna Ginsberg

Psychology’s Current Perspectives

Psychology’s Subfields:

Basic Science Psychologist Biological Developmental Cognitive

Personality Social

What he/she does Explore the links between brain and mind. Study changing abilities from womb to tomb. Study how we perceive, think, and solve problems. Investigate our persistent traits. Explore how we view and affect one another.

Psychology’s Subfields:

Applied Science Psychologist Clinical Counseling

Educational Industrial/ Organizational

What he/she does Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders Helps people cope with academic, vocational, and marital challenges. Studies and helps individuals in school and educational settings Studies and advises on behavior in the workplace.

Careers in Psychology ▪ Psychiatry ▪ branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders ▪ practiced by physicians who sometimes use medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychotherapy ▪ Can prescribe medications (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Valium, Ritalin, Xanax, etc)

Clinical Psychology vs. Psychiatry A clinical psychologist (Ph.D.) studies, assesses, and treats troubled people with psychotherapy.

Psychiatrists on the other hand are medical professionals (M.D.) who use treatments like drugs and psychotherapy to treat psychologically diseased patients....