Kangaroo, Didgeridoo & BBQ? Exploring Australia\'s Diversity - Zusammenfassung des Seminars PDF

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Alle Inhalte des Seminars zum Thema Australien. Inhalte wurden anhand der von Oberkategorien zusammengefasst und in Tabellen veranschaulicht. ...

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History, Politics & Economy Colonialization - Dutch first discovery -> Stranded sailors mixed with the local aborigines - January 26, 1788: First English Settlement- Claimed the Land „New South Wales“ James Cook, first convicts from Britain arrive (11 ships) -> today celebrated as Australia Day/Invasion Day —In 1788 between 300.000 and 1 Million Aboriginals living in Australia (1920: 60.000; today: 464.000) - Britain needed a place for their convicts (America gaining independence) - until 1821 -> Macquarie governor attempted to civilize aborigines in schools an mission stations -> supported reintegration of convicts - Long History (approx. 60.000 Years) of Aboriginal Australian Culture —Between 1909 and 1969: Aboriginal children taken away from their families (‘stolen generations’) - Postcolonial Era -> Racist structures and the impact of colonialism needs to be made visible - late 19th into 20th century -> colonies had a rivalry (our policies are superior!)-> many intercolonial conferences

Politics 1788 - Governor under the British Crown (Colonial Office) -> different governors different political developments (liberal or autocratic, draconian policies) 1850’s - (Gold-Rush) Self-government granted to colonies (Western Australia 1890) first written constitutions - more independence, convict transport ended By 1880’s - many labour unions! 1895 -> White Australia policies -> against asian immigration/ aboriginals not part of constitution, no voting rights by 1900 -> Payment for memebers parliament -> not only rich people in power 1901 - Nation State „Commonwealth of Australia“ -> move towards Federation -> many different parties, labor and non-labor 1999 - Referendum -> Australia -> republic? Majority no-> could change in the future (needs new constitutional arrangements for the rights of all Australians) - Still under the British Crown --> Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II - Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy (Upper Houser = Senat and Lower House -> House of Representatives ) -> Mix of american and british government (states have their own constitution -> can be overruled by nation) - Governor-general: Sir Peter Cosgrove (Crowns Representative) - Prime Minister Scott Morrison - Union Jack -> Corner of the Flag -> shows political connection to Britain - Liberal governments from since 1975 - Fraser welcoming Asians, supporting aboriginal land claims, 1996-2007 Howard -> preserve aglo-celtic culture, supported iraq war -> Politics becoming more neo-liberal -> similar perspectives as america „everyone gets equal opportunity“ -> hate illegal immigrants

Distinctive elements of Australian political democracy  Alternative voting procedures for federal elections -> 1 winner from pool of candidates  Proportional representation voting for the Senate ->  Compulsory voting -> fines if you don’t vote -> 95 % voters  First majority Labor government in the world Australian Parties  Oldest -> 1900 Australian Labor Party (ALP) -> radical, nationalist -> now social democratic aims  Regained power in the 70’s- end White Australia, indigenous/ female rights  Since 1991 - advocates of republic  Since 1970’s -> Fractions in Labor Party -> socialist left vs. Labor Unity (Right)  Trade Union also split  Liberal Parties -> both for republic and monarchy Aborginal rights  Civil rights in US influenced AU + aboriginal activists  1967 - referendum - power to legislate for indigenous people  70’S Tent embassy -> Protest as an alternative parliament (Canberra)  Big concern -> Land rights  1992 Mabo Case - native title recognized -> ownership of land/soil - no more terra nullis  Primeminister Keating speech against the wrong-doing  1997 - Bringing them Home Report -> extend of stolen generation  1999, Howard „ Motion of Reconciliation“  2007 controversial bill -> federal government can intervene in Northern Territory  2008 Kevin Rudd „Sorry Speech“ LGBTQI Rights  1986 Anti-discrimination law  Sydney Mardi Gras Festival  2013 Safe-schools program (but discrimination is still prevelant)  2013 study- Australia 5th place LGBTIQ friendly  2017 Same-sex marriage  2018 Same-sex adoptions legal (all states)

Female Suffrage & Australian feminism - Late 19th century -> Womens suffrage society campaigned for voting rights - 1894 -> South Australia achieved their goal (after New Zealand, second in English speaking southern hemisphere) -> other states followed

- 1902 -> Federal vote right (first country in the world) -> only after WW1 -> women could sit in parliament - 1970’s-80’s A. feminists pioneers in public administration - 2010, Julia Gillard, first female prime minister - Victorian Women’s suffrage society -> helped unite Australias colonies into a nation

Economy - gold rush 1850’s - (end 19th) economic depression fueled progress towards Federation! - economic migrants early 20th century - end of migration again 1929- another depression - camels imported from 1870-1900 - big tourist economy (out-door) - high quality of life - people life mostly at the cost in cities - exporting raw materials like gas

Australian Stereotypes, Identiy and Belonging Stereotypes of Australians Definition Stereotypes (1) […] only choose one aspect of reality, (2) they focus on this and make it appear more important than it is in reality (3) in doing so they privilige one particular perpective (4) generalizations in the process of meaning making - shape perceptions and establish preconceived notions in the area of gener, ethnicity and nationality.“ Functions: -function as mental filters (focus on “central” information) -structure and simplify reality -shape our perception/are schematic ways of interpreting reality -reduce the pressure of unexpected/unknown situations -facilitate processes of assimilation to a group In school: - their effect of possibly distorting reality, -> undermining intercultural encounters - should be countered with awareness -> creating activities, where learners engage with stereotypical representations in playful and ironic ways.“ Prejudice —conglomeration of stereotypes —extended, enlarged and particularly pointed forms of stereotypes: -> mostly negative -> conditioned predisposition to react in an unfavourable and disdainful manner White Australians Stereotypes (of the Land)  Animals, Outback

 Land of Opportunity  Barbecue, Alcohol, Criminals, Surfer Dudes  „Crocodile Dundee“, „G´Day Mate“ Land Down Under (1982) Loss of Australia‘s national identity, globalization/Americanization/overdevelopment  Often misinterpreted as patriotic hymn  Australian Government and politics -> sell their land as succesfull economic country, high living standards -> don’t show the dark past - cultural history with ambivalent Stereotype of Aborigines  Before 1940’s-50’s -> The wild, savage (dangerous, animal-like)  -> always seen somewhat inferior! (E.g. movies)  1960’s -> the wise, nature-connected being  Alcoholics, uneducated  Living backwards, no technology National identity  Late 19th century - most citizens had been born in Australia -> sought a national identity in anglo-australian framework  Idea of a white, single-cultured country since 1901 stayed as post-colonial influence - but its a poly-ethnic society  Flat social structure -> prevailing egalitarianism + no real conservative parties  Many argue -> republic is next step to forming australian identity  Songwriters:  Slim Dusty: G’day G’Day -> Nationalist lyrics  John Williamson: Love is the word -> LGBTQI friendly song by a famous blue collar country artist  Land Down Under (1982) - Loss of Australia‘s national identity, globalization/Americanization/overdevelopment -> often misinterpreted as patriotic hymn  History influenced the identity:  British and Irish -> brough their fight to Australia  Loss, dispossession and displacement (for aborgines and felons)  Irish brought struggle over posession etc. -> owning land!  Australia fought in all the wars! Korea, vietnam, irak, afghanistan, south africa, WW1+2  Japanese attack left deep marks in national memory  Most australiens live in citys -> opposite to the media portrayed stereotype of miner, digger, shearer, outlaw, pioneer  Connections of Australian Identiy to American Identity -> culture, politics and economics (wars, america =promised land)  Tampa Incident -> refugee boat turned away!  Leisure & Sports Aborigines White Australians

Pre-Historic

Colonialism

post 1945 contemporary Australia

Definition of leisure: 40.000 ago - 3 Domains:  Dominated in Western thinking - 3  Worker, Player (Leisure), Perspectives: Family (Leisure)  L. Time  Player -> games, story L. Activity telling, arts and amusement,  L. Experience (meaning) dancing  Men and women worked  Had „pets“  No concept of leisure and work -> culturally and environmentally integrated lifestyles (Eco-leisure)  4th dimension of Leisure -> Setting  being drunk, immoral convict behaviours  sports and pasttimes from britain (Cricket, cockfighting, bull baiting)  Active policy -> Hyde Park (Sydnes)  Freetime - uplift and education  Australian Football, surfing  Climate- outdoor activities  Agricultural shows -games  Males dominated leisure and recreation (women domestic chores)  1923- radui broadcasts  Movies started  1930 - sports and spectatorism central leisure culture to  Demographic change (migrants!)  Females followed the sports and physicial activity (but more men in high activity levels)  Cultural events, tv, sports, travelling etc. -> live long

Aboriginal Identity vs. White Australian Identity Aboriginal Australia —Aboriginals have settled in Australia for 60.000–70.000 years-> world’s oldest living and evolving cultures —Semi-nomadic life, hunting & gathering, fishing, farming (?) —Dispersed and fragmented peoples, no drive to possess the country or spread their local knowledge; no written languages —Over 350 Aboriginal languages; 150 in use today only 13 taught to children Culture

 Storytelling (Dreamtime)  Oral storytelling -> educational or for fun  Music, Arts  Strong connection to the land, spirits and animals  No concept or different concepts of time (past, present, future)  Storys and languages die out with the storytellers/speakers

Migration & Demographics - Ethnic groups in Australia - 180 different countries - 4 waves of migration:  Early 19th Anglo-Celticsv (Irish Potato famine and repression from UK)  Asian  Chinese in 1850’s gold rush  Japanese hated after attack (2nd WorldWar)  Eastern-European  Mediterranean 1895 -> White Australia policies -> against asian immigration Since 1945 - mass migration (europeans) for economy- migrant workers and 1939- jewish refugees 1970 - more people wanted to migrate, than government would allow 2001 - 9/11 influenced security Tampa affair Pacific solution 2001-2007 --> detention camps for refugees

After 1996, this model was challenged and important changes have occurred. Today Australia’s migration policy is shifting from the old principle of permanent family settlement to an economically driven and often temporary migration. Cultural Diversity in Australian Fim, Tv, Literature Muslims in Australia - Nazeem Hussain - Serdar Somuncu Comedy Australian Literature (Teens) What are typical topics of Young Adult Literature/Realistic Fiction?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Family Peers Love/Sexuality/Growing Up Adventure Topics that could happen to you in everyday life Challenges -> emotional, physical, mental

Realistic Fiction = stories that could happen to people, protagonist is fictional Realism in literature is complex, multifaceted concept: 

Situational realism = lidentifiable locations, ages, socialclass (survival stories)

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Emotional realism = believable feelings/relationships (comin-of-age)

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Social realism = honest portrayal of society (goverment, schools, courts)

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Contemporary realism = take place in present time (present or recent past) 

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Good realistic stories have them all

Problem Novel (contemporary realism) 

Contemporary realistic story that addresses societal problems

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Families often from disfunctional families or ordinary fam. Facing difficult problems

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Protagonist isolated, alienated from adults

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Parents missing, dead, emotionally remote

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Teen vernacular

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Taboo topics addressed

Topics of realistic Fiction: 

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Families 

Nuclear = relationships with parents and siblings

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Extended = Aunts, uncles etc.

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Alternative = single-parent, new families,

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Contemporary realistic stories -> harshness of family life and relationships portrayed

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Rite-of-passage books -> deal with trails and tribulations during growing up

Physical, Emotional, Mental and Behavioral Challenges 

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Communities 

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Disabilities (mental / physical)

Schools, neighborhood, urban housing projects

Adventure and Survival 

Physical danger, external force

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Isolated places (set where protagonist face challenge of surviving alone against great odds)

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Sports 

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Guter sportler, schlechter schüler, sport hilft probleme zu überwinden

Mysteries 

Edgar allan poew award -> mystery stories (death, murder, drugs)

Australian (Poetry) Dramatic Monologue - genre to help deal with prejudice and misunderstanding - author speaks in character - imagine a speaker -> see an individual - addressed at a „you“! - poetry that resembles a play -> oral culture -> story telling -> their language changed under the influence of the australian english -> mainstream english -> aboriginal poetry with grammatical errors -> show their difference to the australians -> means of expression

What is aboriginal literature?

LGBTQI (in Tv) - TV show Please like me (2013-2016)  Gay young men’s life Australian Film Film Literacy (Media Literacy) - highly complex process learners must both perceive successive and simultaneous meanings (of visual and auditory channels) and integrate bottom-up and top-down processes.” (Lütge 2017: 66) —Perceptive competence (Wahrnehmungskompetenz) —Aesthetic and critical competence (Filmästhetische und -kritische Kompetenz) —Intercultural competence (Interkulturelle Kompetenz) —Communicative competence (Fremdsprachliche Handlungs- und Kommunikationskompetenz) - Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS)/Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALPS) Cultural connection Australia Germany Same/Similar

LGBTQI Marriage Adoption Gender Change Blood Donation Converstion Migration

5th friendly 2017 2018 legal Banned (1 year) Banned

2nd friendly 2017 Step-child only legal Banned Allowed

Demographic

Muslims

countries Lebanon, turkey, muslim arabic afghanistan, bosnia, (turkish, countries, syria, pakistan, indonesia afghanistan etc.) Chemnitz (2018)

Cronulla Riots (2006)

Comedians

Nazeem Hussain, Serdar Somuncu , Bülent Ceylan Aamer Rahman (aborginal background-wife)

Stereotype

Young, suburban male with migratory background, native command of english Down Under (dark comedy, cronulla riots backdrop 2006), shows both sides, hyperbolic staire (mockumentary) -> border between muslim and nonmuslim space

Asylum seekers that lived here for years

2017 legal

both experienced mass population movements since 1945 Practical migration policies (utility) Since 2014 „terrorist muslim character“ first 2001 Omnipresent victimhood all times through media -> national sexurity Exposes racist attitudes.. opportunity for transnational collaboration (similar problems) Both culture war against Islam

Willkommen bei den 2016 Hartmanns (comedy, .successfull refugee crisis) majority viewpoint -> barrier between muslims and nonmuslim is the big house, slowly opening up for the muslim man ->

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disapears quickly -> generic happy ending ending sad Politics

Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy AFD

Democratic, federal parliamentary republic One Nation

Geographic and Demographic context Which States are in Australia? - 6 States, 10 Territories - Western Australia - South Australia - Queensland - New South Wales (Canberra) - Victoria - Tasmania Territories - Northern Territory - Australian Capital Territory - Jervis Bay Territory

Slang thumper = huge man gunya = white person nunga = black person nukkin ya = see you later Unna = right? , true

Talk about each topic 10 Minutes: History, Politics & Economy History ("Discovery" of Australia, Aboriginal History, Migration) January 26, 1788 - first convicts from Britain arrive in NSW (11 ships) -> today celebrated as Australia Day/Invasion Day 1901 - Australia becomes nation state 1913 - Canberra - Capital Politics (History, Aboriginal Rights, LGBTQI Rights, Womens Rights) Political System: Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy Prime Minister: Scott Morrison Governor-general: Sir Peter Cosgrove 1880 Move Towards Federation 1901 Commonwealth of Australia 1902 Female suffrage 2010 Julia Gillard

Economy (Migration (Gold-Rush), Sport Economy, Leisure) - camels imported from 1870-1900 - big tourist economy (out-door) - high quality of life - people life mostly at the cost in cities - exporting raw materials like gas -migration linked to depression and economy Australian Stereotypes, Identity & Belonging Stereotypes (Australian, Post-Colonial) Identity Belonging Cultural Diversity in Australian Film, Tv & Literature Cultural Diversity - Nazeem Hussain - Serdar Somuncu Penal Colony 1788 (British convicts) Potato Famine 1830-1850 (Irish, also Gold Rush 1850's - chinese migrants 1902 White Australia (Immigration Restriction Act) -after 1945 new approach to Immigration Australian Film Australian Rules (2002) - Paul Goldman Deadly unna? Tv & Literature Teen Literature Topics Aboriginal Poetry (Dramatic Monologue)...