Kinesiology Study guide - Exam 1 PDF

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ES 3623 – Techniques of PFA

Spring 2021 STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM 1

Chapter 1 •

Know the definition of physical activity (PA), exercise, and physical fitness. Be able to understand the differences/similarities between PA and exercise Physical Activity- Umbrella term that classifies any movement of the skeletal muscle that produces a higher caloric expenditure than at rest. Exercise- Classified as planned, structured, repetitive, and goal oriented physical activity. Physical Fitness- The ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, ample energy to enjoy leisure and escape emergency situations, and without undue fatigue.

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What are the 5 health-related components of fitness? What are the 6 skill related components of fitness? 5 health related components- Cardiorespiratory endurance, Body composition, Muscular km strength, Muscular endurance, and Flexibility. 6 skill related components- Agility, Coordination, Balance, Power, Reaction Time, Speed.

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Make sure you understand the difference between relative and absolute intensity. Understand METs. Understand the relative % associated with light, moderate, and vigorous intensities. Make sure you understand how to calculate target HRR based on the following formula: Target HRR = [(HRmax – HRrest)*(Ex. Intensity)] + (HRrest) Light: 30-39% Moderate: 40-59% Vigorous: 60-89%

Relative intensity- Prescribed as a percentage of a max. Example would be a client being prescribed a target HRR like 120-139.

Absolute intensity- Prescribed at a set value Example would be running at 6mph, METs, and VO2 DOES NOT DIFFERENTIATE FITNESS LEVELS.

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Make sure you can list various health benefits associated with participating in PA/exercise.

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What does the dose-response relationship represent? How does it relate to PA/exercise and health / risk of diseases? It represents that there is a balance between health and PA/exercise. Some activity will always be better than none. More PA/exercise is better than less, up to a point. What are the minimum recommended levels of PA to obtain significant health benefits (box 1.2 on page 4)? Are these minimum levels of PA sufficient for weight loss/obesity prevention purposes? 30 minutes of moderate intensity PA 5 days a week or 20 minutes of vigorous intensity 3 days a week. If a client is trying to lose weight, they must do more than what is

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recommended for health. Example: 45 minutes of moderate intensity a day. Make sure you are familiar with how prolonged inactivity (sitting) affects health. Negatively affects health: Increases All Cause mortality, CVD (incidence and mortality,) Cancer (incidence and mortality,) and Type II diabetes mellitus. Make sure you understand the following statement: Cardiac arrest/MI risk is transiently and acutely increased during vigorous exercise, particularly for those with diagnosed or occult CVD and for sedentary individuals. Make sure you understand the risk associated with PA/exercise – risk to the musculoskeletal system as well as risk of cardiac events and even death. How does this risk differ across young athletes, adults, and clinical patients? In addition, how can we reduce this risk? The risks are increasing the older the client gets. Young adults are the least at risk, Adults are at risk more than young adults and are at most risk with vigorous activity, and Clinical patients are the highest risk due to already being diagnosed with a CVD.

Chapter 2 •

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What are the overall goals of pre-participation health screening as outlined by the ACSM guidelines? Optimize safety before and during exercise and to identify individuals: Who should have medical clearance Who are at risk for adverse CV events With known diseases who may benefit from PA participation With medical conditions requiring exclusion until controlled. Make sure you understand the process of determining if a client needs / does not need medical clearance before participating in an exercise program with a fitness professional. Know the steps in this process – 1) determining current activity (exercise) level, 2) identifying known CV, metabolic, or renal diseases, and 3) identifying signs and symptoms suggestive of these diseases. Make sure you understand what signs and symptoms would be suggestive of a disease and what would not (for example: chest pain from working out or chest pain from experiencing a heart attack, ankle swelling due to sprained ankle or ankle swelling due to heart complications). If a client has a pulmonary disease, is it necessary to obtain medical clearance? What are the ACSM guidelines recommendations regarding clients having a pulmonary disease, specifically chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? No because this does not increase the risk of CV events during or after exercise. What methods can you use to guide your client for intensity level determination? Exercise History is an integral part. If a client needs medical clearance, who determines the extent of this clearance? What is the reasoning behind obtaining medical clearance (in other words, why is it important?) Their Primary health care provider and any specialist. It will decrease the risk of an exercise related CV events.

ES 3623 – Techniques of PFA

Spring 2021

Chapter 3 •

What is the purpose of informed consent process? Who needs to complete an informed consent form? Be sure to understand the components that an informed consent form should contain. It is an ethical and legal consideration. It also ensures that the client is fully informed on what will be occurring and what they are going to participating in.The client or anyone that will be participating.

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What is the purpose of CVD risk factor assessment? Make sure you understand how to perform a CVD risk factor assessment. What lifestyle directives/modifications would you give a client based on the results of CVD risk factor assessment? (table 3.1 on pg. 48) The educate the client about the likelihood of developing CVD and to use the data to help develop lifestyle counseling directives. Why is it important to measure BP in health and fitness settings? It is important to measure because it can tell us if there may be an underlying conditions. Who needs pulmonary testing? What are the standard instructions for participants before they participate in exercise testing session? Several, but some examples include wear appropriate clothing, avoid eating or consuming caffeine before scheduled participation, be well rested, etc.

Resting HR and BP • Understand what HR can tell us – low resting HR vs. high resting HR Heart rate can tell us if there may be an underlying condition that may have not been discovered yet. • What is bradycardia, tachycardia, and normal HR range? Tachycardia- fast heart rate. Bradycardia- slow heart rate. Normal heart range- 60-100 bpm. • What are the units of measure for HR? beats per minute. • On average, why do women have a lower resting HR? Women are built differently and are physiologically different than men. • What is cardiac output? How can it be calculated? Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute: cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume. CO = HR x SV. • What are some techniques used to determine HR? You can do this through palpation, ECG, and other electronic means. • What is blood pressure? What is SBP and what is DBP? The force that blood is exerting on the walls of the arteries when the heart is beating. Systolic blood pressure- The pressure created in the arteries by the blood during ventricular contraction.

Diastolic Blood Pressure- the pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling.

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What are units of measure of BP? mm Hg • What does the magnitude of BP depend on? BP depends on many things from heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, etc. • What are Korotkoff sounds? series of sounds that correspond to changes in blood flow through an artery as pressure is released. • Know the classifications for normal, prehypertensive, and hypertensive (stage 1 and 2) BP Normal Blood Pressure= 100 MATERIAL FROM LABS • • •

Understand and be able to perform pre-participation health screening and CVD risk factor assessment (lab report 1). Know how to calculate BMI and its appropriate units of measure BMI= Weight(kg)/Height(m)^2. Know how to calculate HRR and its appropriate units of measure

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION • I will provide a printout that includes figure 2.2 from pages 33/34 and table 3.1 from page 55. You will need to understand how to use this figure and table if given a scenario on the exam....