Lessico 1 Study Guide - Summary Avanti: Beginning Italian PDF

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Lessico 1: Per Cominciare 

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Italians always greet each other: when they meet on the street, when they enter a store or a room, when they first wake up in the morning, when they return home in the afternoon. They usually touch when they meet, kissing each other on both cheeks or shaking hands When do Italians switch from buon giorno to buona sera? It depends on where they live! In northern Italy, people tend to use buona sera in the late afternoon; in central Italy and in the South, they might begin using it as early as noon. Buon giorno and buona sera may sound formal in English, but in Italian, they are routinely used with everyone. Ciao, on the other hand, is considered very informal and is used primarily with family and friends Formal and informal are distinguished: o Tu: informal o Lei: formal It is very common in Italian to greet people by their professional titles o Professora o Dottore o Ingenere o Avvocato o Singore o Singor o Songora o Singorina Examples: o A child to her mother  Ciao, mamma! o A mother to her child  Ciao, amore! o A student to his (female) professor  Buon giorno professoressa! o You to your roommate  Ciao, Bayleigh! o Your classmate to you  Ciao, Emma! Tu or Lei? o To ask someone’s name say:  Tu, informal: come ti chiama? o If you want to introduce yourself, then ask the other person’s name:  Ciao! Sono Paolo – Buon giorno. Sono Paolo Rossi  Ciao! Mi chiamo Paolo – Buon girono. Mi chiamo Poalo Rossi

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o To ask and you? Say:  E tu?  Come ti chiami?  Sussana. E tu?  Marisa  Ciao!  Piacere!  E Lei?  Come si chiama?  Sussana Martinelli. E Lei?  Marisa Scapecci  Piecere! o To say nice to meet you, you say piacere, or if using tu, ciao o Example:  Someone your age you meet at a party: come ti chiami?  The administrative assistant who calls with a message for your roommate: come si chiama? To ask where someone is from: o Di dove sei? (informal) o Di dov’è? (formal) To ask where someone currently lives, say: o Dove abiti? (informal) o Dove abita? (formal) o Sono di Milano, ma abito a Roma Saying goodbye formal o Arrivederci/buon giorno/buona sera/buona notte  Buona notte (good night) is only used when it is tie o Examples  A child to his father: ciao, papa!  A husband to his wife: ciao, Tesoro!  A student to her (male) professor: arrivederci, professore!  A woman to Giuseppe, the fruit seller: arrivederci, signor Guiseppe! The Italian alphabet is 21 letters La lettere straniere (foreign) o J: (I lunga) o K: (cappa) o W: (doppia vu) western o X (ics) o Y (ipsilon) Double consonants are pronounced longer than single consonants o Examples:  Pala (shovel), palla (ball)  Capelli (hair), Cappelli (hats)

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 Nono (ninth), nonno (grandfather)  Dita (fingers), ditta (company) There is no actual verb to spell in Italian, you can say come si scrive? (how is it written) Cognates are words that have similar spellings and meanings in Italian and English o Examples:  Biologia: biology  Italiano: Italian  Religione: religion  Psicologia: psychology I mesi e le Stagioni: months and seasons o La primavera: spring  Marzo  Aprile  maggio o L’estate: summer  Giogno  Luglio  agosto o L’autunno  Settembre  Ottobre  novembre o L’inverno  Dicembre  Gennaio  Febbraio Expressing Dates o Il + day + month  Il 4 luglio o the first of the month is written il 1 + month, but is said il primo + month  il primo gennaio o quanti ne abbiamo oggi?: what is today’s date? o Il primo o il due?: the first or the second? o Oggi el promo settembre: today is the first o Domani è il due: tomorrow is the second In Italy, dates are always abbreviated with the day first, then the month, and then the year o Il 4 luglio is 4/7 and 7/4 is 7 apprile! The year is always said in its entirety o 1861=milleottocentosessantuno  Mille means one thousand; has an irregular plural: mila  2014=duemilaquattrodici

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Maschile o Femminile? o O= masculine  bambino o A= feminine  Bambina o Nouns that end in -ione are usually feminine  Televisione, infomazione o Nouns that end in a consonant are usually masculine  Hamburger, bar Indefinite articles o Maschile  Un: before all other consonants and all vowels  Uno: before s + consonants and all vowels  Ex:  Un animale, un inverno, un corso, un libro  Uno studente, uno zaino o Feminile  Un’: before a vowel  Un’estate, un’amica  Una lezione, una persona, una studentessa, una zebra  Una before all consonants Definite Articles o The masculine singular definite article has three forms  L’ before nouns that begin with a vowel  Lo before nouns that begin with s + consonant or z  Il before all other consonants o The feminine singular definite article has two forms  I’ before a vowel  La before all consonants o The masculine plural definite article has two forms:  Gli before nouns that begin with a vowel, s + consonant, and z  I before all other consonants o The feminine plural indefinite article  Le Mi piace I’taliano! o Piace: singular o Piacciono: plural If you don’t like something, place non before mi piace or mi piacciono o Non mi piace il ciccolato o Non mi piacciono gli esami!...