Mc Graw Hill Connect COMS 100 Ch8 PDF

Preview

Summary

McGraw Hill Connect Q&As for chapter 8...

Description

●

●

●

● ●

●

●

● ●

●

●

Speeches without examples generally come off as which of the following? ○ Vague ○ Impersonal In his speech, Joe says, "George Washington Carver, Lonnie G. Johnson, Percy Julian." By reciting a list like this that relates to his topic, Joe is using ○ Brief examples In a speech about childhood obesity, Terence told the story of the real-life case of a young girl who spent her time watching television and eating junk food. He went into detail about how the young girl ended up in this situation. This type of supporting material is defined as ○ An extended example A hypothetical example is an example that describes ○ an imaginary or fictitious situation. Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following? ○ Vivid ○ Specifc ○ Richly textured Which of the following statements about using concrete examples in a speech are true? ○ They have a strong impact in listeners' beliefs and actions. ○ They can make ideas more personal. What is one of the best ways for a speaker to explain a technical process or term to an audience? ○ Use an example Brief examples are also called ○ Specific Instances In your speech you decide to use a vivid and detailed narrative about a camping trip you took last year to illustrate one of your points about camping. This type of supporting material is called a(n) ______ example. ○ Extended In her speech on how to perform the Heimlich Maneuver, Julie began by saying, "Suppose you are having dinner with a friend when suddenly your friend can't seem to catch her breath. When your friend begins to turn blue, you realize she is choking." This is a type of ______ example. ○ Hypothetical A vivid example can be very effective in reinforcing an idea in your speech, but for such a purpose you should be especially certain that it is a(n) ______ example and not an exceptional case. ○ Representative

● Changing the speed and tone of your ___ depending on the type of example you are giving can affect how listeners respond to your speech. ○ Voice ● You are trying to explain to your 12-year-old niece what a Bundt cake is. Which of the following explanations would be the best way to clarify by using an example? ○ The chocolate cake we had for your brother's 10th birthday party was a Bundt cake. ● When giving a speech about homelessness, Trina describes Jules, the youngest child of a family of four, all of whom have been living on the streets for six months. She talks about how Jules has never had a bedtime story read to him or a warm breakfast to wake up to. Trina is using this example to ______ the ideas in her speech. ○ personalize ○ Support ● What are three other names for extended examples? ○ Anecdotes ○ Illustrations ○ Narratives ● Pedro give the following example in his speech about unemployment: One older guy lost his job and was unemployed for the rest of his life. What could Pedro have done to make more of an impact on his audience? ○ Pedro could have used a more vivid, detailed example. ● What does it mean to make an example representative? ○ It does not deal with rare or exceptional cases. ○ It is a typical example that proves a general point. ● When giving an extended example, you should imagine that you are a(n) ○ Storyteller ● Examples used in speeches are used for which of the following purposes ○ Personalize an idea ○ Reinforce an idea ○ Clarify an idea ● Which of the following statements about using statistics in a speech are true? ○ They can be used to show the seriousness of an issue. ○ They can be an effective way to clarify and support ideas. ● Examples put abstract ideas into ______ terms that listeners can easily understand. ○ Concrete ● Certain types of examples can personalize your ideas by adding ______ interest to them. ○ Human

● Suppose you want to use an example in your speech to describe what it is like to be a child advocate. Which of the following suggestions would make the example more effective? ○ Make it vivid and richly textured. ● True or false: Statistics cannot be distorted or manipulated. ○ False ● Which of the following are ways to enhance your delivery of extended examples during a speech? ○ Vary your voice volume ○ Use eye contact ○ Vary the speed at which you speak ● Which of the following questions should be on a checklist about using examples in a speech? ○ Do I use examples to personalize my ideas? ○ Do I use examples to explain my ideas? ● Tansie was preparing a speech about the value of final exams for high school seniors. To gather some statistics, she asked 10 of her girlfriends in the junior class for their opinion. Six were against final exams, and four supported them. Why are Tansie's statistics not usable? ○ She only asked 10 people, which is not a large enough sample. ○ She only spoke with juniors, which is not representative of the student body. ○ She only spoke with girls, which is not representative of the student body. ● When an example gives a human face or perspective to an abstract idea, it is said to ______ the idea. ○ Personalize ● Which of the following questions should be asked when evaluating the validity of statistics? ○ Are the statistics from a large enough sample? ○ Are the statistics from a reliable source? ○ Are statistical measures used correctly? ○ Are the statistics representative? ● In statistics, the mean is the ○ average value of a group of numbers. ● "About 1.4 million shelter dogs are adopted each year" is an example of ○ A statistic ● When using statistics in a speech, a speaker should ensure which of the following? ○ That the statistics are representative of what they claim to measure

● True or false: It is generally better to use statistics from a company or an organization that has a vested interest in the figures. ○ False ● Which of the following questions may be on a list about effectively using statistics in a speech? ○ Are my numbers from reliable sources? ○ Do I use statistics to quantify ideas? ○ Do I relate the statistics to the audience? ● True or false: Examples in a speech help explain how many people are affected by the issue being discussed. ○ False ● In statistics, the ______ is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers. ○ Mode ● When should you use statistics in a speech? ○ Only when needed ● Statistics are similar to ______ in that they are often cited in passing to clarify or strengthen a speaker's point. ○ Brief examples ● Because numbers can be interpreted in many ways, what should a speaker avoid when including numbers in a speech? ○ Biased sources ● True or false: Listeners do not generally care whether or not a speaker provides the source of his or her statistics ○ False ● Among the tips for using statistics are to ○ use numbers sparingly. ○ round off numbers. ○ name the source of statistics. ● Research has shown that the impact of examples is ___ increased/decreased) when they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical. ○ Increased ● When choosing statistics to include in a speech, use ○ Only the most important ones ● One of the most important steps when using statistics in a speech is to make sure that the numbers are ○ Meaningful ● According to 19th-century physicist Lord Kelvin, when a person can measure and express what they are speaking about in ______, they have proved that they know something about the topic.

●

●

● ●

●

● ●

●

● ●

●

●

○ Numbers Phaedra is giving a speech about chronic illnesses among children. At one point she mentions that more than half of American children are living with a diagnosed chronic illness. Because this is a startling statistic, what should Phaedra have done during her speech? ○ Given the source of the statistic Unless there is a compelling reason otherwise, what should a speaker do to numbers before citing them in a speech? ○ Round them off What is the best way to present a series of statistics during a speech? ○ Simple graph It can be especially helpful to use statistics in a speech when you are attempting to convince your audience of the existence of ○ A problem You have decided to take up running. You have a friend who has been running and coaching a long time. She tells you to go to a specialty store and look for lightweight, flexible running shoes rather than buying cheap shoes online, so you do. You were influenced by her ○ Testimony Numbers, especially large numbers, can be hard for listeners to ○ Visualize Which of the following terms is used to describe quotations or paraphrases from an authority in a given field? ○ Expert testimony If you were giving a speech about a Japanese tsunami, and you quoted a local survivor on the hardships endured, you would be using ___ testimony. ○ Peer What is the number 421,113,603,533 when rounded? ○ 421 Billion Some statistics are better understood when the audience can actually see them, such as in a graph. What are these types of support materials called? ○ Visual aids Quotations or paraphrases from trusted sources that are used to support a point are known as ○ Testimony Alana wanted to speak about climate conditions that might favor tornado formation in the United States. For testimony she used a document by researchers Schaefer and Marzban on the NOAA website, and she said, "Schaefer and Tatom (1998) looked at the mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the strip 5 deg. N to 5 deg. S and 180 deg. W to 150 deg. W and wrote, 'A

●

●

●

●

● ●

●

●

●

Kruskal-Wallis H test was then used to see if any difference in different tornado measures exists between El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. Also the entire contiguous U.S. and three sub-areas were considered. All six of these combinations failed to have significance at the 99 percent level. One could not state with confidence that El Niño/La Niña had any effect on tornado or strong tornado activity.'" Why should she have paraphrased instead of using a direct quotation? ○ The wording of the quotation is cumbersome and contains technical terms. ○ The quotation is longer than two or three sentences. Which of the following statements about expert testimony are true? ○ It lends credibility to your speeches. ○ It is especially important to use when your speech is on a controversial topic. If you quoted your sister about her experience at summer camp, you are using what type of testimony? ○ Peer testimony Which of the following might be found on a list about how to best use testimony in a speech? ○ Do I use testimony from unbiased sources? ○ Do I identify the sources of all testimony? ○ Do I give credit to the original source of all quotes? In a birthday toast to her husband, Sandra said, "Physical fitness expert Bonnie Prudden once said, 'You can't turn back the clock. But you can wind it up again.' So here's to many more years of winding!" Which of the following are reasons why Sandra used a direct quotation? ○ The quotation is brief and conveys what Sandra wants to say better than she can. ○ The direct quotation is witty and compelling. Citing the views of experts can make a speech ○ More persuasive What makes quoting out of context so dangerous? ○ You can twist someone's remarks to prove something completely different from what was intended. Which of the following are benefits of using peer testimony in a speech? ○ It has an emotional impact. ○ It provides authenticity. What is the problem with the following numbers (25.7 inches, 62,789,499 people, 78.55 kilometers per hour) being used in a speech? ○ They are too complicated to be easily understood by listeners. Match each product to a qualified source for testimony.

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

○ What are the key points to keep in mind when using testimony in a speech? ○ Use unbiased sources ○ Quote accurately ○ Paraphrase accurately ○ Use qualified sources To quote or paraphrase someone correctly, it is essential that you ○ do not misquote. ○ do not violate the meaning of the statements being paraphrased. ○ do not quote out of context. Darnell feels confident that his speech on the benefits of plastic shopping bags will be persuasive because of the testimony he will provide. This testimony comes from two expert witnesses: one who is the president of a successful plastics manufacturing company and one who is a research scientist conducting studies funded by the plastics industry. Should Darnell feel confident that his speech will be convincing? ○ No, because his testimony is likely to be biased by sources whose work depends on the plastics industry Which of the following are good reasons for identifying the source of testimony that you provide in a speech? ○ To give proper attribution and avoid plagiarism ○ To add credibility to the testimony given ○ To help listeners determine if the source is biased When using testimony, it is best to make certain that the source ○ Is unbiased ○ Is qualified on the subject at hand When you are presenting your speech to an audience and are using testimony, statistics, or examples, it is important to remember to ○ cite your sources orally. Samantha explained her grandmother's trick for grilling hamburgers by saying, "To yield the juiciest burgers, my grandmother told me she would make a small

impression on the top of the burger, then she would place a small ice cube in that indentation while the burger grills." Samantha was ______ her grandmother. ○ Paraphrasing ● Which of the following would be considered an unbiased source for a speech on gun control? ○ New York Times ● ___ is the term for using another person's ideas or words without giving credit to that person. ○ Plagiarism ● Daniel is presenting his speech to his classmates. He uses examples, testimony, and statistics to support his ideas. He does not explain his sources during the speech, but he does show his bibliography on a PowerPoint slide at the end of the speech. What common error has Daniel made in his speech? ○ He forgot to cite his sources orally...