Med. Term. Chapter 7 notes PDF

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Function of the Kidneys  Filter nitrogenous wastes to form urine  Maintain proper balance of : water, electrolytes, acids Nitrogenous wastes  Urea  Creatinine  Uric acid Kidneys also secrete hormones:  Renin: hormone important in adjusting blood pressure  Erythropoietin(EPO): Hormone that stimulates the red blood cell production in bone marrow. Arteriole: small artery Catheter: tube for injecting or removing fluids Cortex: outer region of an organ Creatinine: nitrogenous waste excreted in urine Electrolyte: chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Glomerular: enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus; also called bowman capsule Kidney: one of the two bean-shaped organs, which filter Meatus: opening or canal Medulla: inner region of an organ Nephron: the functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place Potassium: an electrolyte regulated by the waste Sodium: an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys Urea: major nitrogenous waste excrete in urine Ureter: one of the tubes Urethra Uric acid: nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine Urinary bladder: hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine Urination (Voiding): process of expelling urine: also called micturition Cali, calic/o – calyx (Calix) Cyst/o – urinary bladder Glomerul/o – glomerulus Meat/o – meatus Nephr/o- kidney Pyel/o – renal pelvis Reno/o – kidney Hydronephrosis – condition of excess fluid in the kidney Obstruction of urine flow may be caused by renal calculi (Stones)

Albumin/o – albumin Bacteri/o – bacteria Kal/o – potassium Ket/o , Keton/o – ketone bodies Lith/o – stone Na/o – sodium Noct/o – night Olig/o – scanty Poietin – substance that forms Py/o – pus Tripsy – to crush Ur/o – urea Urin/o – urine Uria – urination; urine condition Urinaysis 1. Color 2. Appearance 3. pH 4. protein 5. glucose 6. specific gravity 7. ketone bodies 8. sediment Nephritis Nephrolithiasis – kidney stones Diabetes insipidus – imbalance of water in the body Polycystic kidneys (PKD) The kidneys contain masses of cysts. Typically polycystic kidneys weigh 20x more than their usual weight. Tests & procedures Lab-blood urea nitrogen (BUN) & Creatinine clearance test, CT scan, sonograms, MRI Cystoscopy Dialysis Lithotripsy Renal biopsy Renal transplantation Urinary catheterization Hemodialysis (HD)- kidney machine filters blood to remove wastes.

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