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Study Of Communication Systems at ONGC

2016-2017

SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT Presented to

RTI ONGC,NBP Green Heights,BKC,Mumbai Submitted by AMISHA NIRALA MBATech (EXTC) NMIMS MUKESH PATEL SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Guided by Shri Narendra N. Pai Chief Engineer (E&T) ONGC, Mumbai

Date of completion:07/07/17 Period of training: 22/05/17 to 7/07/17

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Foreword Communication is vital aspect and integral part of any organization. More importantly, communicating over long distances is something that people once struggled with, but thanks to recent advances in technology where in from ancient writing techniques and newspapers, we’ve moved on to text messaging and email, from Morse code and telegraphs to telephones and radios, we now moved on to televisions, computers and cell phones. The activities of ONGC has spread across the nation and beyond. One important way in which the technology can deliver the speedy and meticulous performance deliverables is by reducing the geographic distance which can be achieved only through efficient networking. Since its inception, ONGC was in forefront in adopting newer technologies by applying seamless application of information and communication technology along the entire value chain of a business activities. Ms. Amisha Nirala a student of NMIMS Mukesh Patel School Of Technology And Management, Shirpur has undertaken summer training in Infocom services department of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, regional office, Mumbai. She has been given exposure for a host of systems and applications ranging from HF, VHF, and OFC based LAN & WAN to satellite communication systems operating on C Band and Ku Band and Ultra-modern security systems such as Vessel and Air traffic monitoring systems (VATMS). She has been enthusiastic about the project and learning the nuances of the various communication techniques, infrastructure and their applications. The interactive attitude, eager and the earnestness shown by the student in her chosen field of activity to acquire competence and pursue academic excellence is very much commendable. This training may augur well for her in the prospect for building a valuable professional career and add value to his technological capability. I hope this program gives student better understanding and personal real world insights and exposures to actual working life, an experiential, foundation to her career choices, and the chance to build a successful lprofessional career.

(Narendra N Pai) CE (E&T) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited.

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ACKNOLEDGEMENT I extend my sincere thanks and profound gratitude for the excellent guidance, perpetual encouragement, moral support and full co-operation whenever approached, during the training period to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Sri A K Agarwal, GGM(E&T)- Head Infocom and Support Manager(RO) Sri A S Rao, GM (E&T), Infocom Services Sri Amarnath Murthy, DGM (E&T) &incharge IT, 11 High Narendra N Pai,CE (E&T), Training Guide Shri RC Bajaj, CM(Logistics) Shri Arjun, AEE(E&T)

I would also like to thank the various other personnel from the Infocom and IT departments at 11 High and Vasudhara Bhavan who guided us through the technical operations taking place inside ONGC

CONTENTS 3

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CHAPTERS

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ABOUT ONGC INFOCOM DEPARTMENT RADIO & MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION SATELLITE COMMUNICATION VSAT ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES WIRED COMMUNICATION COMPUTER NETWORK LAN AND WAN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SERVERS SCADA VIDEO CONFERENCING PRAVESH CCTV VATMS Uran Visit BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1. ABOUT ONGC INTRODUCTION Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) works from exploration to exploitation of oil. It is an Indian multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Dehradun, India. It is a public sector undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India under the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It is India's largest oil and gas exploration and production company. It 4

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produces around 70 % of India's crude oil (equivalent to around 30% of the country's total demand) and around 62% of its natural gas. ONGC is ranked as the Top Energy Company in India, Fifth in Asia and 21st globally as per Platts Top 250 Global Energy Rankings; Maintains place as World's Third ranked E&P Company in the list .Ranked 21st among global Oil and Gas Operations industry in Forbes Global 2000 list of the World's biggest companies for 2014; Ranked 176 in the overall list - based on Sales (US$ 29.6 billion), Profits (US$ 4.5 billion), Assets (US$ 53.8 billion) and Market Value (US$ 46.4 billion). The crude oil is the raw material used by downstream companies like IOC, BPCL, HPCL to produce petroleum products like Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, Naphtha, Cooking Gas-LPG. ONGC is India’s Top Energy Company and ranks 20th among global energy majors (Platts). ONGC ranks 14th in ‘Oil and Gas operations’ and 220th overall in Forbes Global 2000. Acclaimed for its Corporate Governance practices, Transparency International has ranked ONGC 26th among the biggest publicly traded global giants.It is one of the most valued public enterprise in India, and one of the highest profit-making and dividend-paying. ONGC has a unique distinction of being a company with in-house service capabilities in all areas of Exploration and Production of oil & gas and related oil-field services. ONGC was founded on 14 August 1956 by Government of India, which currently holds a 68.94% equity stake. It is involved in exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons in26 sedimentary basins of India, and owns and operates over 11,000 kilometers of pipelines in the country. Its international subsidiary ONGC Videsh currently has projects in 15 countries. ONGC has discovered 6 of the 7 commercially producing Indian Basins, in the last 50 years, adding over 7.1 billion tonnes of In-place Oil & Gas volume of hydrocarbons in Indian basins. Against a global decline of production from matured fields, ONGC has maintained production from its brownfields like Mumbai High, with the help of aggressive investments in various IOR (Improved Oil Recovery) and EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) schemes.

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Installations of ONGC:-

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BASIC OPERATIONS AT ONGC 7

Study Of Communication Systems at ONGC

1. 2. 3.

SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION DRILLING OPERATIONS PRODUCTION.

1.

SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION :-

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Under water: -

On land:-

(Offshore Seismic data acquisition)

(Onshore Seismic data acquisition)

The basic principle of seismic data acquisition is the same for both land and the offshore wells. Reflection seismic imaging uses reflected energy to construct an image of the subsurface to investigate the underlying structure and stratigraphy. Seismic imaging can provide information about geologic structure and stratigraphy including - bed thickness and geometry, rock type, faulting and fracturing and, in some cases, limited information on liquids present. Seismic data consists of a series of recorded wiggle traces that describe a set of echoes from interfaces between rock layers in the subsurface that have different rock properties. Each wiggle trace is the record, in time, of when sound from each source reflected off each layer of rock. The amplitude of the wiggle is relative to how large the change in rock properties is between two layers. To gather seismic data we use a network of energy source points and geophone receiver stations to record multiple reflected sound waves from aerially scattered points in the subsurface. To improve data quality and reduce noise in the data each subsurface point is multiply sampled to increase what is called ‘fold’. This multiple sampling will increase signal while random environmental noise (often wind) in the data will tend to cancel out. To acquire a seismic dataset a grid of source and receiver lines are designed taking into account surface 8

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conditions, topography and the geologic / geophysical requirements of the project. These requirements include the depth and thickness of the zone of interest, estimates of data quality, and the fold required for the survey. Using vibrators as an energy source has the advantage that you have more control over the frequencies contained in the source energy. For shallow target you are able to increase the amount of high frequency energy put into the ground to provide more resolution in the final data.

2. DRILLING OPERATIONS:Offshore drilling is a mechanical process where a wellbore is drilled below the seabed. It is typically carried out in order to explore for and subsequently extract petroleum which lies in rock formations beneath the seabed

Onshore drilling refers to drilling deep holes under the earth’s surface whereas offshore drilling relates to drilling underneath the seabed. These drilling methods are used in order to extract natural resources – usually oil and gas – from the earth.

The well is created by drilling a hole 12 cm to 1 meter (5 in to 40 in) in diameter into the earth with a drilling rig that rotates a drill string with a bit attached. After the hole is drilled, sections of steel pipe (casing), slightly smaller in diameter than the borehole, are placed in the hole. Cement may be placed between the outside of the casing and the borehole. The casing provides structural integrity to the newly drilled wellbore, in addition to isolating potentially dangerous high pressure zones from each other and from the surface. With these zones safely isolated and the formation protected by the casing, the well can be drilled deeper (into potentially more-unstable and violent formations) with a smaller bit, and also cased with a smaller size casing. Modern wells often have two to five sets of subsequently smaller hole sizes drilled inside one another, each cemented with casing.

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3. PRODUCTION

The production stage is the most important stage of a well's life; when the oil and gas are produced. By this time, the oil rigs and work over rigs used to drill and complete the well have moved off the wellbore, and the top is usually outfitted with a collection of valves called A Christmas tree or production tree. These valves regulate pressures, control flows, and allow access to the wellbore in case further completion work is needed. From the outlet valve of the production tree, the flow can be connected to a distribution network of pipelines and tanks to supply the product to refineries, natural gas compressor stations, or oil export terminals. As long as the pressure in the reservoir remains high enough, the production tree is all that is required to produce the well. If the pressure depletes and it is considered economically viable, an artificial lift method mentioned in the completions section can be employed.

2. INFOCOM DEPARTMENT

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The infocom department in ONGC handles and monitors all inbound and outbound communications for ONGC ,within other government agencies like The Indian Navy, Indian Air Force, Indian Coast Guard, MTNL, JNPT etc.

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ONGC’s operations at sea involve multi-disciplinary activities which also needs continuous communication between onshore and offshore installation. Round the clock voice and data communication between onshore offices, control rooms , corporate offices and offshore installations is highly essential for operation at sea .

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ONGC’s operation in the offshore sector exists for more than 4 decades and they established an integrated communication system based on different technologies to meet their voice and data requirements.

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As an organization ONGC needs computers for day to day documentation ,file transfer ,sending and receiving of emails , daily reports etc. Radio communication , satellite communication , internet usage and computer network has become very important with the advancement of digitization in the company

Communication is required in ONGC for the following reasons:-

 Business requirement:Engineering resources package application (ERPA). SAP application - SAP India, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SAP AG, a global provider of e-business software solutions, has signed its largest ever deal in India with the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) for implementation of the ICE (Information Consolidation for Efficiency) project. The project is all about data capture as part of all transactions. If there is an invoice drawn up somewhere it is automatically fed into the system as data, so is a pay slip or the day's measurement of oil from a well. The beauty is that it would all be available on tap. The SAP centralized server room is in Delhi and is connected by the means of leased lines to Baroda. The server at Baroda is a replica of what is in Delhi. The Baroda server is installed for disaster recovery.

 Operational requirement:ONGC uses a captive network labelled as ‘ICNet’. A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system by transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to control connected objects. Another term that may be used for RTU is remote telecontrol unit. An RTU monitors the field digital and analog parameters and transmits data to the Central Monitoring Station. It contains setup software to connect data input streams to data output streams, define communication protocols, and troubleshoot installation problems. An RTU may consist of one complex circuit card consisting of various sections needed to do a custom fitted function or may consist of many circuit cards including CPU or processing with communications 11

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interface(s), and one or more of the following: (AI) analog input, (DI) digital input, (DO/CO) digital or control (relay) output, or (AO) analog output card(s). An RTU may be interfaced to multiple master stations and IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device) with different communication media (usually serial (RS232, RS485, RS422) or Ethernet). An RTU may support standard protocols (Modbus, IEC 60870-5-101/103/104, DNP3, and IEC 60870-6-ICCP, IEC 61850 etc.) to interface any third party software. Data transfer may be initiated from either end using various techniques to insure synchronization with minimal data traffic. The master may poll its subordinate unit (Master to RTU or the RTU poll an IED) for changes of data on a periodic basis. Analog value changes will usually only be reported only on changes outside a set limit from the last transmitted value. Digital (status) values observe a similar technique and only transmit groups (bytes) when one included point (bit) changes. Another method used is where a subordinate unit initiates an update of data upon a predetermined change in analog or digital data. Periodic complete data transmission must be used periodically, with either method, to insure full synchronization and eliminate stale data. Most communication protocols support both methods, programmable by the installer. Multiple RTUs or multiple IEDs may share a communications line, in a multi-drop scheme, as units are addressed uniquely and only respond to their own polls and commands

 Telecommunication need:Telecommunication occurs when the exchange of information between two entities (communication) includes the use of technology. Communication technologyuses channels to transmit information (as electrical signals), either over a physical medium (such as signal cables), or in the form of electromagnetic waves. The word is often used in its plural form, telecommunications, because it involves many different technologies.Early means of communicating over a distance included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs.[7] Other examples of premodern long-distance communication included audio messages such as code drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Modern technologies for long-distance communication usually involve electrical and electromagnetic technologies, such as telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, fiber optics, and communications satellites. A revolution in wireless communication began in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909. ONGC uses both wired as well as non-wired communication systems. For non-wired communication ONGC uses radio and satellite communication. For remote locations ONGC also uses VSAT links. Wired communication is done by the help of leased lines, fiber optic cable, coaxial cable etc.

 Process requirement:In ONGC the SCADA system is used for supervision of the activities on the offshore as well as onshore rigs and platforms. SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA does the monitoring process across multiple sites and is responsible for the collection of data to a single location.

 Security requirement:In ONGC across all the offices a smart card is issued to each and every employee. This card has a chip and is a contactless card used for the purpose of security, headcount etc. This system is known as PRAVESH. Another security step is taken for the rigs and offshore assets with the help of the Indian Navy. VATMS (Vessels and Air Traffic Management System). 12

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3. RADIO & MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

The radio frequency ranges from 30 kHz to 300 MHz and the microwave frequency ranges from 300MHz to 300 GHz.Military organizations have used HF radios for both strategic and tactical communications for more than 80 years; however, with the advent of satellites, HF had been de-emphasized and fell into disuse. As a result of that, many present-day communicators don't have an understanding of what are the modern HF communication capabilities .

The radio waves can be used for the following types of communication:Line-of-Sight (LOS): Range, typically less than 30 km, is limited by terrain obstructions and/orearth curvature. Range is also a function of operating frequency, power level, and antenna height. Offers possibility of high data rate transmission. Restricting range reduces adjacent area interference and eases frequency reuse requirements. Ground (surface) Wave: Useful range is up to 50 km on land, 300 or more km over the sea.Range depends on operating frequency and terrain obstructions and requires vertically polarized antennas. Historically used for voice communications. Data rates are generally high, but may have some limitations 13

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depending on waveform used. Beyond Line-of-Sight (BLOS): Range to about 400 km using Near Vertical Incidence Skywave(NVIS), can be used where satellite communication is not available. Terrain obstruction not a ...