Parts of Speech - study abroad spanish trip practice materials for final exam PDF

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study abroad spanish trip practice materials for final exam...

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Parts of speech (Partes de la oración) Noun (sustantivo/nombre): person, place, thing, animal, event, idea, or concept • Nouns can take on a variety of different roles (papeles) o Subject, direct object of verb (DOP), indirect object of a verb (IOP), object of preposition, possessive Pronoun (pronombre): takes the place of a noun (also takes its role) English Subject English Object I we me us you you (y’all) you you (y’all) he/she/it they him/her/it them Español sujeto yo nosotros/as tú vosotros/as él/ella/Ud. ellos/as/Uds.

Español objeto directo me nos te os lo/la los/las

Español objeto de preposición (ex. para, en, de, con, etc.) Español objeto indirecto (like gustar) mí (conmigo) nosotros/as me nos ti (contigo) vosotros/as te os él/ella/Ud. ellos/as/Uds. le les

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English Possessive Español posesivo my our mi(s) nuestro/a(s) your your (y’all’s) tu(s) vuestro/a(s) his/her/its their su(s) su(s) Possessives are adjectives so in Spanish, they must agree with the nouns they modify.

Adjective (adjetivo): modifies or describes a noun • Adjectives in Spanish must agree with the nouns they modify in gender and number. • Adjectives almost always come after the noun they modify in Spanish. The short tourists climb the tall mountains. Los turistas bajos escalan las montañas altas. Articles (artículos): Definite (definidos): the – el/la/los/las Indefinite (indefinidos): a/an/some – un/una/unos/unas Verb (verbo): indicates the action of the sentence or explains the state of being • A complete sentence requires a verb. • Verbs must agree with their subjects. Linking verbs (verbo copulativo): ser y estar Intransitive verbs (verbo intransitivo): verbs that do not require complements Transitive verbs (verbo transitivo): verbs that require a direct object Bitransitive verbs (verbo bitransitivo): Verbs that require direct AND indirect objects Usually verbs of giving, showing or telling • Many verbs can change categories depending on the situation. Adverb (adverbio): modifies a verb OR adjective. Usually explains “how” The woman walks slowly. He is very funny. La mujer camina lentamente. Él es muy cómico.

Examples and Roles (Ejemplos y papeles)

Nouns and pronouns: Subjects and objects (* indicates an ungrammatical sentence) Edward reads the books.

*The books reads Edward.

Eduardo lee los libros.

*Los libros lee Eduardo. (Los libros los lee Eduardo)

Alexander goes to the movies.

He also goes to the bank.

Alejandro va al cine.

(Él) también va al banco.

Mary gives me a gift. (Mary gives a gift to me)

She gives me it (gives it to me).

María me da un regalo (a mí).

(Ella) me lo da.

Henry kisses Annabel.

He kisses her.

Enrique besa a Anabela.

(Él) la besa.

Intransitive verbs Adam arrives.

Adam arrives at four.

Adam arrives at school at four.

Adán llega.

Adán llega a las cuatro.

Adán llega a la escuela a las cuatro.

The kids have fun and play.

The doctor sneezes.

I smiled happily.

Los chicos se divierten y juegan.

El médico estornuda.

(Yo) sonreí felizmente.

Intransitive, transitive, and bitransitive verbs Beyoncé sings.

Beyoncé sings the song.

Beyoncé sings it.

Beyoncé sings it to us.

Beyoncé canta.

Beyoncé canta la canción.

Beyoncé la canta.

Beyoncé nos la canta.

The teacher offers the students extra credit.

She offers it to them.

La profesora les ofrece crédito extra a los estudiantes.

(Ella) se lo ofrece (a ellos)

Resources http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech_1.htm#.UzjN7VbWZeT (Explanation) http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech_2.htm#.Uzdhv1bWZeQ (Examples) http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech_quiz.htm#.Uzdh61bWZeQ (Quiz)...