PGY 300 Syllabus - 111 PDF

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August 26, 2021

PGY 300: Human Physiology Fall 2021 PGY300 Human Physiology is a one semester undergraduate course designed to prepare students planning on careers in Nursing, Exercise Science, or other allied health professions. It carries four units of credit and four lecture hours per week. It is a prerequisite for the UB Schools of Nursing and Exercise Science. It explores the basic functions and mechanisms of the primary organ-systems of the human body in health and disease. These include the Nervous, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Renal, and Endocrine systems. These systems will be studied at the organ, tissue, and cellular levels of organization. Detailed learning objectives for each lecture can be found in the last section of this syllabus. Assessment of learning these objectives will be by a multiple-choice exam given at the end of each organ system section. All lecture material is available on UBlearns. The prerequisite for PGY 300 is a grade of C or higher in ANA 113 or BIO 200 or CHE 101 or ES 207. All materials prepared and/or assigned for this course are for the students’ educational benefit. Other than for permitted collaborative work, students may not photograph, record, reproduce, transmit, distribute, upload, sell or exchange course materials, without prior written permission. “Course materials” include, but are not limited to, all instructor-prepared and assigned materials, such as lectures; lecture notes; discussion prompts; study aids; tests and assignments; and presentation materials such as PowerPoint slides, Prezi slides, or transparencies; and course packets or handouts. Public distribution of such materials may also constitute copyright infringement in violation of federal or state law. Violation of this policy may additionally subject a student to a finding of “academic dishonesty” under the Academic Integrity Policy and/or disciplinary charges under the Student Code of Conduct. Review the following carefully: https://www.buffalo.edu/academic-integrity/policies.html

The pages that follow contain the information needed to make this course a manageable challenge. We will be using a Hybrid mode of instruction this semester so READ CAREFULLY!

PGY 300 2021 Fall 1

August 26, 2021

Course Coordinator:

Dr. Randall L. Hudson Department of Physiology and Biophysics 3102 JSMBS [email protected]

Schedule:

M and F 1:50- 2:40 PM W 1:50 – 3:50 PM Hybrid instruction: Asynchronous video recording of lectures; Faculty led Zoom reviews, problem solving, and answering student questions during normal scheduled class times; online exams via Respondus. By appointment via Zoom. The student’s computer MUST be compatible with Respondus Lockdown Browser and Respondus Monitor (Windows 10, 8, or 7; Mac OSX10.10 or higher operating systems; Late model Chromebook). Computers must have a WEBCAM and a microphone (most newer laptops have these built in). For more information see http://www.buffalo.edu/ubit/service-guides/teaching-

Office Hours: Required Hardware and Software:

technology/learning-resources-for-students/ublearns/respondus.html

A reliable internet connection and a UB photo ID. Student Responsibility: Students are responsible for mastering the material presented by the participating faculty. Concerns regarding factual errors of ancillary material (e.g., miss-keyed practice or old exams) must be brought to our attention before the exam and not after. Memorizing a miss-keyed choice is not an acceptable excuse for failure to understand the material well enough to recognize a typographical error. UB’s Academic Integrity policy: “The university has the responsibility to promote academic honesty and integrity and to develop procedures to deal effectively with instances of academic dishonesty.” Refer to the student handbook for more detail information at https://catalog.buffalo.edu/policies/integrity.html.

PGY 300 2021 Fall 2

August 26, 2021

Students Needing Special Accommodations: Any condition, such as a physical or learning disability, which will make it difficult to carry out the course work as outlined, or requires extended time on examinations, need to be approved by the Office of Accessibility Resources (OAR). They are located at 25 Capen Hall, (716) 645-2608,

http://www.buffalo.edu/equity/obtaining-assistance/obtainingaccommodations/disability-accommodations.html Once approved, OAR will provide documentation that must be forwarded to the Course Coordinator as soon as possible. Students are responsible for scheduling all their interactions (i.e., exams) with OAR. UB Student-Athletes: Student’s participating in UB NCAA sports need to notify the Course Coordinator of any travel conflicts with exam dates so that appropriate arrangements can be made. This should be done in the first week of the semester.

Course Information 1) Faculty contact information.

Dr. R. Hudson ** Course Coordinator Dr. M. Slaughter Dr. B. Weil

Dr. W. Hofmann

Dr. M. Morales

Physiology and Biophysics Office Kara Rickicki

Office Jacobs School of Medicine, Room 3203 955 Main St. 560 Biomedical Research Building Jacobs School of Medicine, Room 3112 or 7030H CTRC Jacobs School of Medicine, Room 4132 955 Main St. Jacobs School of Medicine, Room 4156 955 Main St. Jacobs School of Medicine, Room 3102 955 Main St.

Phone 829-6286

email [email protected]

829-3240

[email protected]

829-3599

[email protected]

829-3290

[email protected]

829-3965

[email protected]

829-2738

[email protected]

** Course Coordinator; to whom all administrative questions should be addressed.

PGY 300 2021 Fall 3

August 26, 2021 2) PGY300 has four instructional hours per week (lectures will be recorded), for a total of 57 hours. T assignments, and no extra credit. 3) The course is divided into six sections: Neurophysiology, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Renal, GI, and Endocrinology. The section six exam (Endocrinology) will be taken during finals week. 4) Scheduled class times are M & F (1:50 - 2:40 pm), W (1:50 - 3:50 pm). These days and times are used for Lecture Reviews/Student Questions and Exams. All Students must be available for these time slots. Should the need arise to reschedule an exam due to unforeseen problems that affect all students one of these periods will be used. There is no Recitation or Laboratory.

5) Required Text: Human Physiology: An Integrative Approach by D. Silverthorn, Eighth Edition. 2016. Pearson Education Inc. ISBN 978-0-13-460519-7. (7th edition is acceptable). Both the hardcopy or the e-version are acceptable. The international edition is not acceptable. None of the ancillary material (i.e., workbook, CD, etc.) are required (or needed).

6) UBlearns - PGY300 Course Site Available only to students registered in PGY300. Accessed via the URL < https://UBlearns.buffalo.edu > Lecture slides for each section can be found under Course Documents. Class Announcements will be made through UBlearns. Students are responsible for checking this site in a timely fashion. e. Grades will be posted via the UBlearns grade book.

a. b. c. d.

7) All instructional material for PGY 300 is available on UBlearns. a. In-class lectures will be video recorded. b. Video access is via UBlearns. Login to the UBlearns/PGY300 page and find a button on the left-hand panel labeled Classroom Recordings. Click on this button and then the Recorded Lectures link to launch Panopto. c. It is the student’s responsibility to become familiar with the Respondus Lockdown Browser and Monitor programs. Students should not wait until the last minute to master the technical demands (i.e., hardware, software, internet connection) needed to take the online exams. a. Dropping this course is the student’s responsibility. b. Last day to DROP without financial liability is September 07, 2021 c. Last day to DROP with a grade of “R” is November 12, 2021

PGY 300 2021 Fall 4

August 26, 2021 8) Examination Policies a. There will be six section exams administered through UBlearns. • Respondus Lockdown Browser is REQUIRED. • Respondus Monitor is REQUIRED. • It is the student’s responsibility to install the required software on their personal computers and learn how to use both. b. NO OTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICES or ancillary material are needed or permitted during any examination. • The use of any device other than the Lockdown Browser to access information relevant to the exam is considered cheating. • These devices include cell phones, second computing devices, calculators, etc. • Scratch paper, notes, or any reference material is not allowed. • The penalty for the use of any of the above is a letter grade of ‘F’ for the course and referral to the Office of Judicial Affairs. c. All students must present a valid UB photo ID at each exam to the Respondus Monitor program to begin the exam. d. There are six sections to the course: Cardiovascular, Neurophysiology, Respiration, Renal, GI, and Endocrinology. Each section will be tested independently on the dates shown below. The sixth section, Endocrinology, will be examined during finals week. e. There are NO MAKEUP exams in PGY300. f. Repeat: there are NO MAKEUP exams in PGY 300. g. Missing three or more section exams for any reason will result in a course grade of ‘F’. h. Results of student exam score, the exam key, and correct and incorrect choices will be posted to the students Ublearns gradebook as soon as the exam has been graded and approved by the faculty. This can take 2-5 business days. i. Challenges to exam results must be made within 3 days of the posting of the results. j. After the challenge period, the scores are final, and no further challenges will be considered.

PGY 300 2021 Fall 5

August 26, 2021 9) Grading Policies. a. Course grade is the sum of the HIGHEST Five section exams. • Example of Course Grade Calculation. A student scored the following on each of the exams: Exam 1, 22 points -> 22 Exam 2, missed, out sick discard (it is the lowest of the 6 exams) Exam 3, 33 points -> 33 Exam 4, 29 points -> 29 Exam 5, 28 points -> 28 Exam 6, 33 points -> 18 Student Total

130 points

Maximum possible points 165 for five exams Divide student total by Maximum possible points and multiply by 100 130 / 165 * 100 = 78.8% which rounds to 79% = B b. Round overs are as follows: • ###.50000000000000000 and higher rounds up to the next higher integer. • ###.49999999999999999 and lower rounds down to the next lower integer. • This policy will not be altered for any reason.

c. The grading scale is as follows and will not change: Percent 90-100 87-89 81-86 77-80 73-76 70-72 60-69 50-59 0-49

Grade A AB+ B BC+ C D F

PGY 300 2021 Fall 6

August 26, 2021 10) A grade of ‘I’ will be granted, subject to approval by the Course Coordinator, to students who meet ALL the following requirements: a. A medical or family emergency that requires the student to be off campus for an extended period (i.e., more than one exam), and b. the student is passing the course with a C or better at the time of the request, and c. the student has taken more than the first three exams. 11) The terms of the incomplete will be determined by the Course Coordinator and must be satisfied within one calendar year of the end of the semester. 12) Students involved in academic dishonesty (cheating) will be subject to procedures listed in the Undergraduate Catalog.

PGY 300 2021 Fall 7

August 26, 2021 13) Lecture Schedule {M & F (1:50 - 2:40 pm), W (1:50 - 3:50 pm)} Week 1

Day M W W F

Date 08/30 09/01 09/01 09/03

Instructor Dr. Hudson Dr. Slaughter

Lecture Topic Introduction to Physiology and PGY 300 Neurophysiology 1 Neurophysiology 2 Neurophysiology 3

2

M W W F

09/06 09/08 09/08 09/10

No Class

Labor Day Neurophysiology 4 Neurophysiology 5 Neurophysiology 6

3

M W W F

09/13 09/15 09/15 09/17

Neurophysiology 7 Neurophysiology 8 Neurophysiology 9 Neurophysiology 10

4

M W W F

09/20 09/22 09/22 09/24

Exam 1, Neurophysiology Cardiovascular Physiology 1 Cardiovascular Physiology 2 Cardiovascular Physiology 3

5

M W W F

09/27 09/29 09/29 10/01

Cardiovascular Physiology 4 Cardiovascular Physiology 5 Cardiovascular Physiology 6 Cardiovascular Physiology 7

6

M W W F

10/04 10/06 10/06 10/08

Cardiovascular Physiology 8 Cardiovascular Physiology 9 Cardiovascular Physiology 10 Respiratory Physiology 1

7

M W W F

10/11 10/13 10/13 10/15

Exam 2, Cardiovascular Respiratory Physiology 2 Respiratory Physiology 3 Respiratory Physiology 4

8

M W W F

10/18 10/20 10/20 10/22

Respiratory Physiology 5 Respiratory Physiology 6 Respiratory Physiology 7 Renal Physiology 1

M

10/25

9

Dr. Weil

Dr. Hudson

Dr. Hudson

Exam 3, Respiratory Physiology

PGY 300 2021 Fall 8

August 26, 2021 W W F

10/27 10/27 10/29

Renal Physiology 2 Renal Physiology 3 Renal Physiology 4

10

M W W F

11/01 11/03 11/03 11/05

Renal Physiology 5 Renal Physiology 6 Renal Physiology 7 Renal Review

11

M W W F

11/08 11/10 11/10 11/12

Exam 4, Renal Physiology GI Physiology 1 GI Physiology 2 GI Physiology 3

12

M W W F

11/15 11/17 11/17 11/19

13

M W W F

11/22 11/24 11/24 11/26

14

M W W F

11/29 12/01 12/01 12/03

15

M W W F

12/06 12/08 12/08 12/10

Final

12/17

Dr. Hofmann

GI Physiology 4 GI Physiology 5 GI Physiology 6 GI Physiology 7 Exam 5, GI Physiology No Class No Class No Class Dr. Morales

Endocrinology 1 Endocrinology 2 Endocrinology 3 Endocrinology 4 Endocrinology 5 Endocrinology 6 Endocrinology 7 Endocrinology 8

11:45AM

Exam, Endocrinology (Day and Time not optional)

PGY 300 2021 Fall 9

August 26, 2021 14) Learning objectives for each six sections of PGY 300: Section 1: Neurophysiology The overall objective of the following neurophysiology lecture sequence is to provide the student an understanding of the basic principles of neurophysiology and how these relate to health and disease. Topic 1: Understand the overall design of the nervous system Introduction to the components of the central nervous system Understand clinical approaches to evaluating nervous system function Topic 2: Learn the elements of the neuron and glia. Learn the electrical properties of neurons and how the membrane potential is formed. Topic 3: Understand the properties of the nerve cell membrane are detailed. Learn the function of membrane properties. Know the properties of membrane receptors and channels Topic 4: Learn the components of an action potential and how it is generated. Understand the properties of sodium and potassium channels and how they form the action potential. Understand the mechanisms that influence conduction speed and direction. Topic 5: Know the elements of the synapse. Understand the role of calcium in transmitter release Know the basic neurotransmitters used in the central and peripheral nervous system Topic 6: Learn how neurons interact to produce signals such as summation. Know the special properties of AMPA and NMDA channels and how they influence memory. Learn a model of memory developed from studies on Aplysia. Topic 7: Know the elements of sensory transduction. Learn the mechanisms associated with sensory system processing Understand the transduction mechanisms in olfaction, gustation, vision, and hearing. Topic 8: Learn the elements of skeletal muscle contraction. PGY 300 2021 Fall 10

August 26, 2021 Describe how contraction is initiated. Understand neuronal control of muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction. Topic 9: Understand the simple motor reflex. Learn how the muscle spindle influences muscle tone and contraction. Understand the function of the Golgi tendon organ. Learn the pathways of reciprocal inhibition and the crossed extension reflex. Topic 10: Learn the pathways of the autonomic nervous system. Understand the transmitter and receptor systems involved in the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems Learn the circuits of the enteric nervous system and how they interact with the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems.

PGY 300 2021 Fall 11

August 26, 2021 Section 2: Cardiovascular Physiology The overall objective of the following cardiovascular lecture sequence is to provide the student with an understanding of the basic principles of cardiovascular physiology and how these relate to health and disease. Key topics for each lecture are listed below and correspond to the subject material for each of the 33 questions that will be included on the exam. Topic 1: Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology 1. Why do humans require a circulatory system? (Chapter 14) 2. What is the overall design of the cardiovascular system? (Chapter 14) 3. What are the main components of blood and what is their function within the cardiovascular system? (Chapter 16) Topic 2: Introduction to the Heart 4. What are the key anatomical structures of the heart? (Chapter 14) 5. What path does blood take through the heart’s four chambers and to the pulmonary and systemic circulations? (Chapter 14) 6. How is the heart’s electrical activity linked with mechanical activity to produce a coordinated pattern of contraction and relaxation? (Chapter 14) Topic 3: Electrical Activity of the Heart 7. How do action potentials differ between cardiac autorhythmic cells and cardiac contractile cells? (Chapter 14) 8. How are electrical signals conducted through the heart to initiate a coordinated mechanical contraction? (Chapter 14) 9. What aspects of the heart’s electrical activity are represented on an electrocardiogram? (Chapter 14) Topic 4: Mechanical Activity of the Heart 10. What are the mechanisms of excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac contractile cells? (Chapter 14) 11. What are the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle? (Chapter 14) 12. How are changes in pressure within each of the heart’s chambers linked with changes in blood volume within these chambers throughout each phase of the cardiac cycle? (Chapter 14) 13. How does the timing of the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle relate to the timing of the electrical events shown on an electrocardiogram? (Chapter 14)

PGY 300 2021 Fall 12

August 26, 2021 Topic 5: Regulation of Cardiac Function 14. What is cardiac output and what are its primary determinants? (Chapter 14) 15. How is heart rate determined? (Chapter 14) 16. What are the factors that influence stroke volume? (Chapter 14) 17. What is the “Frank-Starling Law of the Heart” and how does it link changes in venous return to changes in stroke volume? (Chapter 14) Topic 6: Vascular Function and Control of the Peripheral Circulation 18. What are the structural and functional properties of each of the five major types of blood vessels within the cardiovascular system? (Chapter 15) 19. What is the relationship between blood pressure, blood flow, and vascular resistance? (Chapter 15) 20. What are the determinants of blood pressure and how does blood pressure change as blood flows through the systemic circulation? (Chapter 15) 21. How is arteriolar resistan...