PHI 103 Informal Logic WEEK 1 Learning Activity PDF

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PHI 103 Informal Logic WEEK 1 Learning Activity...

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PHI 103 INFORMAL LOGIC _ WEEK 1_ LEARNING ACTIVITY 1/MASTERY TUTORIAL MODULE 1

Which of the following are true of inductive arguments? CORRECT ANSWER:  They do not guarantee their conclusion.  The premises of a good inductive argument offer good grounds for accepting the conclusion.  At best, they make their conclusions probable.

What are the premises? CORRECT ANSWER:  I have to pick up a present on the way.  I am stuck in terrible traffic. Which of these is true of the differences between arguments and explanations? CORRECT ANSWER:  An argument attempts to show that a conclusion is true; an explanation attempts to show why it is true.  The conclusion of an explanation is likely to be less controversial than the premises. Which of these passages correctly put the argument into standard form? CORRECT ANSWER:  Last month Karen said she couldn't afford a new car. Karen's only source of income is her job. Karen came to the party in a new car. Therefore, Karen must have gotten a raise.  Karen's only source of income is her job. Karen came to the party in a new car. Last month Karen said she couldn't afford a new car. So, Karen must have gotten a raise.

Which of these passages correctly put the argument into standard form? CORRECT ANSWER:  Karen had no cash this morning. The only place for Karen to get cash is an ATM. Karen had cash when she arrived at the restaurant. Therefore, Karen went to the ATM before she went to the restaurant. Karen had cash when she arrived at the restaurant.  The only place for Karen to get cash is an ATM. Karen had no cash this morning. Thus, Karen went to the ATM before she went to the restaurant. 

 Which is the best paraphrasing of this argument?  CORRECT ANSWER:  Professional athletes get paid a lot of money. They don't need all the money they make. Poor people could be helped with some of that money. Therefore, a special tax on the highest earners should be created.  What is a set of premises given in support of a conclusion?  CORRECT ANSWER:  Argument Regarding standard form arguments, which of the following are true? CORRECT ANSWER:  The premises are the sentences used to support the conclusion. Each premise should be listed on a separate line.   The premises and the conclusion are claims. 

 What is the conclusion of this argument?  CORRECT ANSWER:  You shouldn't go out with Jimmy. Regarding standard form arguments, which of the following are true? CORRECT ANSWER: The conclusion is listed last   The premises and the conclusion are claims A premise must be a single declarative sentence 

 Which of the following is a claim?  CORRECT ANSWER:  We need to take the minivan. What additional premise(s) would best support the reasoning used? CORRECT ANSWER:  Ghosts are paranormal.  Anything debunked is not real. Which of these are traits of intellectual modesty? CORRECT ANSWER: Seeking to understand what others think  Being willing to embrace change  

 Which of these shows how to present arguments in standard form?  CORRECT ANSWER:  Premise #1 Premise #2 Conclusion Which are premise indicators? CORRECT ANSWER:  Since  For  Because  Seeing that

Which are conclusion indicators? CORRECT ANSWER: As a result  Thus  Therefore   What additional premise would best support the reasoning used?

 CORRECT ANSWER:  Executing innocent people is unjust. What are the premises? CORRECT ANSWER: Swine flu is very rare.   Researchers have already found treatments for swine fl 

 Which is true of standard form arguments?  CORRECT ANSWER:  The premises are listed above the conclusion.  Match the term to its definition.  CORRECT ANSWER: The process of drawing a claim (the conclusion) from the reasons offered in the premises

Inference

A sentence that presents an assertion that something is the case

Claim

A set of claims in which some, called premises, serve as support for another claim, called the conclusion

Argument

A statement in an argument that serves as support for the conclusion

Premise

The claim supported by the premises

Conclusion

What additional premise would best support the reasoning used? CORRECT ANSWER: It is stupid to do things that are dangerous and unnecessary. Which of the following shows the argument in standard form? CORRECT ANSWER: Sugar is terribly unhealthy. Sugar is highly addictive. You should give up sugar. What is logic? CORRECT ANSWER: The study of arguments

Which of the following is the conclusion of the argument? CORRECT ANSWER: Jimmy must be guilty. Which of these are claims? CORRECT ANSWER:  Moby Dick is a great novel.  Computers have made our lives easier. Shakespeare was born in 1950.  

 What additional premise would best support the reasoning used?  CORRECT ANSWER:  It is wrong to use someone else's words as though they were your own. 

 What additional premise would best support the reasoning used?  CORRECT ANSWER:  It is wrong to put people's lives at risk.  What is the conclusion of the argument?  CORRECT ANSWER:  Capital punishment is unjust.  What is the purpose of a logical argument?  CORRECT ANSWER:  To demonstrate what is true based on reasoning 

 Which of the following is true of inductive arguments?  CORRECT ANSWER:  The truth of the conclusion is intended to be made more likely by the premises. 

 What is the aim of informal logic?

 CORRECT ANSWER:  To examine the reasoning we employ every day  What is the conclusion of this argument?  CORRECT ANSWER:  Travel is the best hobby.  Which of the following is true of deductive and inductive arguments?  CORRECT ANSWER:  The connection between the premises and conclusion is weaker in an inductive argument, but they are used more widely than deductive arguments. 

 What is a judgment?  CORRECT ANSWER:  An informed evaluation Which of these are statements that assert that something is or is not the case? CORRECT ANSWER:  claim conclusion  premise   Match the term to its definition.  CORRECT ANSWER: The activity of careful assessment and self-assessment that employs logical reasoning as the principal basis for accepting beliefs or making judgments

Critical thinking

The study and description of reasoning in everyday life

Informal logic

The study of arguments as tools for arriving at warranted judgments

Logic

The activity of clarifying ideas with the goal of seeking truth

Philosophy

The art of persuasion

Rhetoric

What is critical thinking? CORRECT ANSWER: Careful assessment when forming judgments Which of these defines a claim? CORRECT ANSWER:  An assertion that something is or is not the case What is an argument? CORRECT ANSWER:  A set of premises given in support of a conclusion...