physiology of reproduction PDF

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Exercise 43: Physiology of Reproduction ...

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Exercise 43: Physiology of Reproduction 1. Define the following terms a. Meiosis i. Meiosis takes place in two sets of cell divisions, called meiosis I and meiosis II ii. The two cell divisions result in four daughter cells, rather than the two daughter cells in mitosis iii. Each daughter cell has only half as many chromosomes as the parent cell iv. meiosis produces four genetically different daughter cells b. Gametogenesis i. Spermatogenesis or Oogenesis c. Oogenesis i. Development of eggs occurs in developing fetus ii. Maturation of eggs does not begin until puberty iii. Unlike in males, produces only 1 viable gamete d. Spermatogenesis i. Sequence of events that produces sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes ii. Occurs at puberty e. Synapsis i. the fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis. f. Haploid i. Gametes are haploid (n) and contain ii. 23 chromosomes g. Diploid i. Most body cells are diploid (2n) and contain ii. Two sets of chromosomes (one maternal, one paternal) iii. 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes h. Zygote i. a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum. 2. Cite the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis a. The difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and meiosis produces four genetically different daughter cells b. The similarities are that they both start out with Parent Cell Diploid (2n)

3. Describe the stages of spermatogenesis and relate each to the cross-sectional structure of the seminiferous tubule 

Spermatic cells give rise to sperm o

Mitosis 

Spermatogonia form spermatocytes

o

Meiosis 

Spermatocytes form spermatids

o

Spermiogenesis



Spermatids become

4. Describe the effects of FSH and LH on testicular function Sertoli cells – produce sperm Leydig cells – produce testosterone Inhibin – when sperm count too high

a....