Practice Materials Engineer Reviewer III Asphalt Technology PDF

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Practice Materials Engineer Reviewer III Asphalt Technology...

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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

What is that construction material that has a property of being a dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating substance is bitumen?  Asphalt For how long or how many hours shall bituminous prime coat be left undisturbed?  24 hours What is the rate of application of bituminous tack coat?  0.2 to 0.7 L/sq.m What is the penetration grade of blown asphalt?  0 to 30 penetration grade What asphalt is used for sealing weaken plane joint of concrete pavement?  Blown Asphalt What is the use of blown asphalt?  as joint filler and water proofing How many days does the sample for Immersion – Compression Test be soaked in water?  4 days @ 50˚C If asphalt mix having a weight of 3,020g and an aggregate weighing 2,865.98g, what is the % asphalt by weight of mix? Wt of Asphalt Mix – Wt of Aggregates 3,020 – 2,865.98  5.10% (computation Asphalt % = --------------------------------------------------- =-------------------- x 100 = 5.1% Wt of Asphalt Mix

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3,020

What is the material used for Bituminous Prime Coat?  Cut-back asphalt or LA = AC + Solvent In item 303, application of cover aggregates shall be evenly spread over the surface at the rate of approximately ______? Bit Seal Coat  0.004 to 0.007 m3/m2Applying the tolerance of 0.4% for asphalt content to your answer in Prob.8, what is the acceptable range of asphalt content?  4.7% to 5.5% 5.1 - .4 = 4.7% 5.1 + .4= 5.5%

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Under what climatic condition do we use lower penetration grade or hard asphalt?  Hot climate (cold climate – higher penetration grade or soft asphalt) How many samples should be taken for an asphalt mix for each full day’s operation?  at least one (1) but not to exceed three (3) samples The thickness of asphalt core using a calliper is based on how many measurements?  four(4) The spot test on asphalt is used to determine______.  overheating during the process of manufacture Minimum variation of the surface from the testing edge of the straight edge between contacts with the surface item 310.  6 mm Equipment to be used for final rolling  3 – wheel tandem type steel wheel roller The test on asphalt cement consisting of heating the asphalt in an open cup and passing a small test flame  flash point It is a manually – operated device for deriving a measurement of roughness from the surface profile which may be expressed in terms of International Roughness Index  Merlin Road Roughness Measuring Device It is used for the rapid in – situ measurement of the structural properties of existing pavement with unbound and granular properties.  Dynamic Cone Penetrometer This equipment in the compaction control of earth and asphalt construction and in the measurement of moisture of insulated roofs.  Nuclear Density Gauge It is an instrument used to measure pavement deflection resulting from vehicle wheel loadings. The results of the elastic deformation test are used to evaluate the structural condition of roads, and to help in the design of road strengthening measures and road capacity improvement  Benkelman Beam and Deflection Logger

Asphalt Technology

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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III 23.

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It is equipment which is used to measure differential deflection between joints of a concrete pavement to determine the modulus of the existing slabs for use in the design of an overlay, and to determine the remaining life of existing pavement.  Falling Weight Deflectometer What is the thinnest cut – back asphalt?  MC – 3000 What is the instrument or equipment used to measure for surface test of concrete and asphalt pavements as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently or as soon as the asphalt mix had been initially compacted?  3 – meter straight edge What is the sampling requirement of bituminous mixture?  1 sample per 130 tonnes What is the depth of the armored thermometer inserted in the bituminous mixture?  6” In the design of bituminous mix, the design criteria for stability under the Marshall Stability for heavy traffic is______.  1800lbs The stability criteria of the Marshall Stability Method is the maximum load resistance that a specimen will develop at______  60˚C Bituminous mix specimens are compacted at how many blows at each and for a heavy traffic design under the Marshall Stability Method? Light Medium Heavy  75 blows 35 blows 50 blows 75 blows 750 lbs

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1200 lbs

1800 lbs

In a penetration test, if the penetration is 9. What is the grade of the asphalt?  85 -100 What item no. is Bituminous Surface Treatment?  Item 304 What is the required tolerance for bituminous material in job – mix formula for item 310?  ± 0.4 % This term consists of an application for bituminous material with or without the application of aggregate on existing bituminous surface?  Seal Coat Job – mix tolerance for temperature in the mixture for item 310.  ± 10˚C What is the size of the sample in item 310 taken for each full day’s operation?  150mm x 150mm or 100mm Ø full depth The required speed in rolling in item 310.  5kph It is the resulting difference in elevation across a joint or crack.  Faulting In core specimen asphalt mix thickness determination, it shall have a character of at least_____  100mm What is the rate of application of bituminous seal coat using asphalt cement?  0.9 to 1.8 lit/m2 What is the rate of application of bituminous seal coat using cut- back asphalt?  1.5 to 3.0 lit/m2 What is the minimum dry compressive of Item 310?  1.40 MPa (200 psi) What is required Index of Retained Strength of Item 310 when tested by AASHTO T 65?  70% minimum Job- mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No. 4 and larger sieve.  ± 7% Job-mix tolerance in 310 for grading, passing No. 8 to No. 100 (inclusive).  ± 4% Job- mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No. 200 sieve.  ± 2% The range of aggregates composition in Item 310.  92 – 95 % Asphalt Technology

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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

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In tropical countries like the Philippines, what is the most commonly used grade of asphalt cement?  60 – 70 and 85 – 100(ideal penetration grade) To determine the thickness, _____ of asphalt, Immersion – Compression Test is performed.  Stability Percent air voids will ____ as per cent asphalt increases in Marshall Stability.  decrease To determine the temperature of delivered asphalt mix, what apparatus is used?  armored thermometer What does it mean when there is bleeding in a newly paved asphalt road?  excessive asphalt content Tack coat must be at what condition prior to the application of asphalt mix?  Tacky SS-1 or SS-1h is what kind of asphalt?  Slow setting emulsified asphalt What kind of asphalt is used as tack coat?  Cut-back asphalt What is being determined in a core sample from asphalt pavement?  Thickness and density of pavement Rolling of bituminous mix shall be discontinued whenever it begins to produce excessive ________ or_________.  Pulverizing of the aggregates or displacement of the mixtures What are the three (3) major petroleum asphalts?  Asphalt Cement  Cut-back Asphalt  Emulsified Asphalt What are the solvents of cut – back asphalts?  Gasoline – for rapid –curing type  Kerosene - for medium curing type  Diesel – for slow curing type Emulsified asphalts are either ______ or______.  Cationic Emulsion – works better with wet aggregates and in cold weather, It is positively charge electron  Anionic Emulsion – adheres better to aggregates which have positive charge, It is a negatively charge electon What greatly affects the service of asphalt cement?  Grade and Quantity of asphalt What influences primarily the grade of asphalt selected?  Climatic condition How many weeks do the producer of asphalt mix or the contractor shall submit the job- mix formula?  Three (3) weeks Who will approve the job-mix formula?  DPWH PE or ME The job-mix formula contains provisions of the following:  Grading of aggregates  Percentage and type of asphalt  Temperature of aggregates and asphalt  Temperature of mixture upon delivery or time of compaction When tar is used, what is the temperature that the mixture shall be placed?  66⁰C to 107⁰C ---------(emulsified asphalt –10 to 71⁰C) When is the right time to compact in order to attain the required density?  When the mixtures is still hot and workable What needs to be controlled during the mixing and compaction and is of great significance in the strength of the resulting pavement?  Temperature After the final rolling, what will be checked?  Degree of compaction When will the traffic be permitted to utilize the pavement?  When the pavement has cooled to atmospheric temperature Asphalt Technology

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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

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How do we take sample from the finish pavement?  By the use of core drill or saw Cold mix asphalt is used in _______.  Pothole patching VMA means  Voids in Mineral Aggregates The compaction temperature in molding the bituminous mixture specimen  124⁰C = (134±10⁰C) The mixing temperature of bituminous mix is  163⁰C The heating temperature of asphalt ranges from  121⁰C - 138⁰C The heating temperature of aggregates ranges from …?  177⁰C - 191⁰C The specific gravity of asphalt ranges from  1.01 – 1.04 The traffic shall be prohibited from traveling at the speeds in excess of ______ until the asphaltic material has set.  40 kph When loads have been arriving at the spreader with the material peaked or doomed up and a load suddenly appears in which the material lies flat, it indicates  excessive asphalt It is used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture, of the degree of compaction of the asphalt pavement.  Bulk specific gravity of compacted bituminous mixtures using saturated surface dry specimen The solvent in the extraction of bitumen.  Gasoline The percent of bitumen is computed based on  Mass of dry aggregates A device used to determine the relative hardness of asphalt.  Penetrometer Volatization test which measures the relative proportion of asphalt to oil.  Distillation The measurement wherein the asphalt begins to melt.  Softening point The temperature requirement in initial rolling for Item 310. 200⁰F to 225⁰F (93⁰C to 107⁰C)  What is the colour of asphalt when it is overcooked?  Yellowish brown How many gradation ranges for Hot Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there in the bluebook?  Seven (7) How many gradation ranges for Cold Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there in the bluebook?  Two (2) The rate application of special curing agent  4 liters per 14 m2, (if curing seal- = .5L-1L/m2) The recommended thickness of Hot Mix asphalt overlay depending on the expected traffic and the modulus of the cracked and selected pavement section.  3” to 5” Stabilization and under sealing are recommended if the mean deflection is ___ or different deflection is ______.  greater than 0.14”, greater than 0.002” Loose materials are removed from all joints, cracks and areas that have previously patched by asphalt by ___ with nominal ___ air pressure.  Power sweeping, and air blowing, 100psi Bowl- shaped holes various sizes in the pavement surface.  Potholes A form of plastic movement typified by ripples (surface waves) across the pavement. Asphalt Technology

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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III

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 Corrugation A form of plastic movement resulting in localized bulging of the pavement.  Shoving Longitudinal surface depression in the wheel paths.  Rutting The interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling an alligator’s skin or chicken wire.  Alligator cracking The wearing away of pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregate particle.  Ravelling Cracks in asphalt concrete overlay surface that occur over joints in PCCP  Reflection Cracking Mixture of fine- grained aggregates bituminous binder and water for surface sealing.  Slurry seal (bituminous slurry) If slurry (wet) lime is employed, what is the typical slurry ratio?  1 tonne lime : 2 cu. m. of water Free bitumen on the surface of the pavement which creates a shiny, glass- like reflecting surface that usually becomes quite sticky.  Bleeding Why do liquid asphalt was introduced in road construction instead from asphalt cement?  It was introduced in order to save heating cost and for convenience in roadmixing or priming. The kind of asphalt used in overlaying scatted pavement is  Hot-mix asphalt Aggregates accounts for 92-95% of the weight of the bituminous mix while asphalt account for 5-8% of the weight of the mix. The exact percentage to be used is determined by  Job Mix Formula An indication that the asphalt mix is overheated.  Blue Smoke / Spot Test The maximum speed of the roller during compaction operation  5 kph The rate of application in a bituminous prime coat  1-2 liter/m2 Specification require 1 quality test for every _______asphalt  40tons/200 drums The penetration test is an indication of the _______ of asphalt  Consistency A sample from a bituminous mix weighs 1000 g. After extraction, it was found out that the dry aggregates weighed 950 grams. What is the % of asphalt content by weight of mix: % of asphalt = 1000 – 950 1000 = 5% If weight of dry aggregates: % of asphalt = 1000-950 950 = 5.26% Commonly used method in the design and evaluation of bituminous concrete mixes  Marshall Stability Number of phases of rolling in asphalting works  Three (3) Also known as liquid asphalts  Cutback Asphalt In asphalting works, plant scale shall be accurate to  0.5% Temperature reading device fixed in the bituminous feed line near the charging valve at the mixer  Armored Thermometer Define as the interval of time between the opening of the weight box gate and the start of introduction of bituminous material.  Dry Mixing Period/Time Asphalt Technology

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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III 120. 121. 122.

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Define as the interval of time between the start of introduction of bituminous materials and the opening of mixer gate.  Wet Mixing Period/Time Asphalt cement shall not be heated above ________ at any time after delivery to the project  159˚C Before placing the bituminous mix contact surface on curbs, gutters, manholes & others shall be printed within, uniform coating of bituminous material  True Moisture content of the aggregate at the time introduced into the mixing unit shall  Not Exceed One (1) Mass Percent Asphalt emulsions are distilled from an  Iron Still The density of the finished bituminous pavement shall be at least _________ of the theoretical maximum density or _________ of the density of the laboratory compacted specimen.  90 mass% & 97 mass % Equipment use in the extraction of aggregate on bituminous mix  Rotarex Centrifuge & Reflux Extractor The penetration test in an arbitrary measurement of consistency and is the basis of classification of all solid and semi-solid asphalt. _________________________________ to which a standard needle with a 100-gram load will penetrate into a sample held at 25˚C (77˚F) after 5 seconds.  Penetration is the depth in tenths of a millimeter (1/10mm) Cold mix pavement use Emulsified Asphalt or cutback – they require little or no heating of materials and can often be produced at the construction site without a central plant. It is the highest quality of asphalt pavement.  Asphalt Concrete Pavement This is a measurement of the load under which Asphalt Specimen totally yield or fails  Marshall Stability Value These are determined by weighing specimen in air and immersed in water.  Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Asphalt This is preferable than a good PCCP road due to its initial low cost more uniform riding surface.  Asphalt Road The proportion of aggregate and asphalt should be based on this.  Laboratory Trial Mixes This formula should be set and strictly followed in all batches of the asphalt mixes; it should include provisions on grading of aggregate percentage of asphalt and temperature of mixture at time of compaction.  Job Mix Formula Used in measuring the thickness or height determination of compacted bituminous paving mixture to the nearest 0.10cm.  Calliper Used to determine the grading of aggregates extracted from bituminous mixtures.  Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregates A test to determine the moisture content of soil.  Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure/calcium trichloride It is a colloidal dispersion of asphalt in H 2O whose colour is chocolate brown before use and turns black when the emulsion is broken.  Emulsified Asphalt What process determines the asphalt contents?  Extraction Minimum temperature of bituminous concrete when place, measured in the truck prior to dumping.  107˚C Minimum temperature of tar when it is used in Bituminous Concrete.  66 to 107˚C The Bituminous material commonly used in 310.  Asphalt Cement This item consists of preparing and treating and aggregate base course preparatory to the construction of Bituminous Surface Course. Asphalt Technology

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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III

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 Bituminous Prime Coat This consists of preparing and treating an existing bituminous or cement pavement with bituminous materials.  Bituminous Tack Coat Consist of an application of bituminous materials with or without an application of aggregate of an existing bituminous surface course.  Bituminous Seal Coat Consists of either a single application of bituminous materials followed by a single spreading of aggregate or two application of bituminous materials each followed by spreading of aggregate (Double Surface Treatment).  Bituminous Surface Treatment What determines the index of retained strength of the asphalt mix?  Immersion / compression test It is the ratio of wet to dry stability of the mix (Compressive Strength).  Index of Retained Strength IRS= (Wet Stability/Dry Stability)x100 This measures the resistance to flow of asphalt.  Viscosity Test Measure the distance that a standard needle will penetrate a sample at a given temperature in a specified time.  Penetration Test Measures the ability of asphalt to stretch without breaking.  Ductility Test It determines the rate of loss of volatile oil of asphalt when heated and the change in penetration caused by excessive heating.  Loss on Heating Test Indicates the uniformity of products.  Specific Gravity Indicates the safe heating temperature of asphalt.  Flash Point/Cleveland open cup Determines if asphalt is overheated during production.  Spot Test Determines the Bituminous content in asphalt that is soluble in petroleum solvent.  Solubility Test Determines the asphalt content of liquid asphalt.  Distillation Test Determines the presence of larger globules of asphalt.  Sieve Test Determines the resistance of emulsion to breakdown on the job.  Cement Mixing Test Detects the tendency o...