Psy 1150 Ch1 sample tst 2 PDF

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Psy 1150 Ch. 1 sample tst 2 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____

1. ____ psychologists attempt to explain our current behavior by looking back at human history to learn how natural selection and genetics affect us. a. Evolutionary b. Humanistic c. Behavioristic d. Psychodynamic

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2. Latoya's mother has established a reward system in which Latoya earns one gold star for each chore she completes each day. If she has earned 25 stars at the end of the week, she gets to play at a fast food's playground for two hours. Latoya's mother is using which psychological approach? a. cognitive b. psychodynamic c. humanistic d. behavioristic

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3. A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic a. focuses on self-image and self-actualization to explain behavior. b. believes behavior is directed by forces within one's personality which are often unconscious. c. emphasizes the study of observable behavior. d. emphasizes subjective factors and personal growth.

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4. The major perspective in psychology that views behavior as directed by often hidden forces within one's personality is the a. cognitive view. b. humanistic view. c. psychodynamic view. d. biopsychological view.

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5. Which of the following psychological perspectives is matched correctly to its view of human nature? a. behavioristic-----------------positive, philosophical view b. humanistic--------------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view c. psychodynamic--------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view d. cognitive----------------------positive, philosophical view

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6. The ____ perspective focuses on subjective, conscious experience, human problems, potentials, and ideals and emphasizes one's self-image and self-actualization. a. cognitive b. psychodynamic c. humanistic d. behavioristic

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7. Which of the following psychological perspectives is matched correctly to its view of human nature? a. humanistic-------------------positive, philosophical view b. psychodynamic-------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view c. behavioristic----------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view d. cognitive---------------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view

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8. Taylor believes his behavior is guided by his own self-image and that he has the power to control his own fate and reach his full potential. He has adopted which psychological perspective? a. cognitive b. behavioristic c. humanistic d. psychoanalytical

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9. Dr. Maxwell is conducting research to determine how a person's subjective well-being is affected by his or her goals, choices, values, emotions, and personality. Dr. Maxwell's research would fit under which psychological approach? a. behaviorism b. psychodynamic theory c. positive psychology d. Gestalt principles of perception

____ 10. Social norms a. are rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups. b. that guide behavior are influenced by cultural differences, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation. c. are too often based on the behavior of white middle-class males, rather than being culturally sensitive. d. are characterized by all of these. ____ 11. The term "shrink" is a slang expression for a. a psychologist. b. a psychiatrist. c. a counselor or therapist. d. all of these. ____ 12. Which mental health professionals' activities include visiting patients' homes, evaluating patients and their families, and conducting group psychotherapy? a. psychiatrist b. psychiatric social worker c. psychoanalyst d. cognitive psychologist ____ 13. Which of the following statements regarding the profession of psychology is TRUE? a. Psychology has been relatively immune from charlatans over the years. b. Psychologists may choose whether or not to abide by the APA professional code. c. An unlicensed person may continue to practice "therapy" as long as he/she does not call him/herself a psychologist. d. It is possible to purchase an inexpensive license and call oneself a psychologist. ____ 14. Which of the following is stressed by the APA professional code? a. control of the patient b. compliance by the client to psychologist's advice c. personal freedom of the client d. none of these ____ 15. To be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship exists, it is necessary to a. engage in naturalistic observation. b. develop a positive correlation.

c. perform a controlled experiment. d. conduct a survey. ____ 16. To perform a(n) ____, you must create two groups, vary a condition, and record whether varying the condition had any effect on behavior. a. naturalistic observation b. correlational study c. comparative case study d. experiment ____ 17. The control group and the experimental group in an experiment are treated exactly the same EXCEPT for the a. dependent variable. b. independent variable. c. extraneous variables. d. replication variables. ____ 18. In an experiment to find out if taking vitamins increases IQ scores, the IQ scores would be a. the independent variable. b. a control variable. c. an extraneous variable. d. the dependent variable. ____ 19. An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning. Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is a. learning. b. the size of the group. c. the material studied. d. music. ____ 20. In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given a. a high dosage of alcohol. b. one-half the dosage given the experimental group. c. a driving test before and after drinking alcohol. d. no alcohol at all. ____ 21. The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that it a. allows mathematical relationships to be established. b. provides a point of reference against which the behavior of the experimental group can be compared. c. balances the experiment to eliminate dependent variable effects. d. establishes a correlational effect. ____ 22. In an experiment to test whether teaching a new memory strategy will improve students' test scores, student characteristics, such as motivation, are controlled by a. interviewing each student concerning their motivation in the class. b. giving each student a personality test. c. randomly assigning students to the two groups. d. interviewing the teachers concerning each of the students. ____ 23. Random assignment of subjects to groups in an experiment is used to reduce the effects of a. the independent variable. b. the dependent variable.

c. experimenter bias. d. extraneous variables. ____ 24. Deception, invasion of privacy, and lasting harm are considerations in the a. justification for doing non-laboratory, or "real world" experiments. b. control of dependent variables in a field experiment. c. determination of the degree of placebo effect. d. ethics of behavioral research. ____ 25. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic ethical guidelines for psychological researchers? a. Accurately describe risks to potential participants. b. Never use deception. c. Provide results and interpretations to participants. d. Ensure that participation is voluntary. ____ 26. In an experiment to test the effects of a new flu drug, two groups are used. One group is given the drug, the other group is given a placebo. The group that receives the placebo is called the a. independent group. b. experimental group. c. dependent group. d. control group. ____ 27. John recently took what he thought was a pain reliever and reports less shoulder pain. However, the pill he took was only a sugar pill. This best illustrates the a. experimenter effect. b. placebo effect. c. multiple-personality effect. d. gender-bias effect. ____ 28. In a research study, when the subjects do not know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group, but the experimenters do know, the study is called a(n) a. single-blind experiment. b. double-blind experiment. c. independent experiment. d. dependent experiment. ____ 29. To control for placebo effects, an experimenter uses ____ in which the subjects do not know if they are receiving a real drug or a placebo, although the experimenter giving them the pill does know which group received the real drug or the placebo. a. a double-blind experiment b. a single-blind experiment c. random selection d. random assignment ____ 30. You want to test people's reactions to a new artificial sweetener, and so you give them coffee with two different kinds of sweetener. Although you know which sweetener is which, you don't let them know which sweetener is the one they're getting. This type of experiment is called a ____ experiment. a. double-blind b. single-blind c. placebo effect d. placebo bias

____ 31. The observation that an experimenter's expectations can have an influence on the outcome of the experiment is called a. experimenter bias. b. the field experiment effect. c. the experimenter effect. d. the dependent variable. ____ 32. A person suffering from anxiety predicts that he will make a fool of himself at a social gathering; and, in fact, he does. A psychologist predicts that students in his morning class will outperform those in his afternoon class and, in fact, they do. What do the anxious person and the psychologist have in common? They both a. are engaged in the Barnum effect. b. produced a self-fulfilling prophecy. c. are engaged in the experimenter bias. d. possess a precognition type of ESP. ____ 33. An experiment in which neither the subjects nor the experimenters who interact with the subjects know who is receiving a drug or a placebo is called a ____ experiment. a. single-blind b. random control c. placebo-blind d. double-blind ____ 34. Psychologists who make measurements to discover relationships between events use a technique called a. the clinical method. b. the correlational method. c. the survey method. d. naturalistic observation. ____ 35. Teachers in one study were told to watch normal elementary school children who had been labeled for the study as "learning disabled," "intellectually disabled," "emotionally disturbed," or "normal." Sadly, the teachers gave the children very different ratings, depending on the labels used. This illustrates the serious consequences of a. the observer effect. b. the observer bias. c. conducting a scientific survey. d. conducting a case study. ____ 36. The temptation to attribute human thoughts, feelings, and motives to animals is called the ____ error. a. ratomorphic b. empirical c. anthropomorphic d. comparative ____ 37. A researcher observes the play activities of children at recess. The videotape of these play activities serves as the a. experimental effect. b. observation record. c. observational empiricism. d. scientific record. ____ 38. A correlational study is one that determines a. the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable.

b. the effects of the observer on the observed. c. cause-effect relationships. d. the relationship between two events. ____ 39. Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the STRONGEST relationship? a. -.80 b. -.10 c. +1.25 d. +.90 ____ 40. The correlation between shoe size and intelligence would be a. -1.00. b. +1.00. c. 0.00. d. impossible to calculate. ____ 41. Decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other measure in a a. nonexistent relationship. b. positive correlation. c. negative correlation. d. zero correlation. ____ 42. Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of a. a negative correlation. b. a zero correlation. c. a positive correlation. d. a perfect correlation. ____ 43. A psychiatrist does extensive interviewing and testing of a client with at least three distinct personalities. The psychiatrist is using a. the clinical method. b. a controlled experiment. c. a single-blind study. d. the psycho-history method. ____ 44. Which of the following would most likely be investigated by use of a case study? a. the extent of marijuana usage in the general population b. the effects of caffeine on memory c. a rare psychological problem such as multiple personality d. the correlation between hours of sleep per night and the grade-point averages of college students ____ 45. Case studies may sometimes be thought of as ____, which are accidents or other natural events that provide psychological data. a. field experiments b. meta-analyses c. natural clinical tests d. naturalistic observations ____ 46. The use of public polling techniques to answer psychological questions describes the a. clinical method. b. case study method. c. survey method.

d. experimental design method. ____ 47. A representative sample is an essential element of the a. survey method. b. psychoanalytic method. c. natural experiment or case study. d. clinical method. ____ 48. An entire group of animals or people belonging to a particular category is called a a. biased sample. b. representative sample c. population. d. natural clinical trial. ____ 49. By selecting a ____ and polling them, we can draw conclusions about the larger group called the ____. a. natural clinical trial; sample b. sample; population c. population; sample d. sample; natural clinical trial ____ 50. Meridian Community College has a total of 4,000 students. One hundred of these students are surveyed about the programs offered at the college. The 100 students surveyed would constitute the a. population. b. sample. c. control group. d. independent group.

Psy 1150 Ch. 1 sample tst 2 Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: OBJ: 2. ANS: OBJ: 3. ANS: OBJ: 4. ANS: OBJ: 5. ANS: OBJ: 6. ANS: OBJ: 7. ANS: OBJ: 8. ANS: OBJ: 9. ANS: OBJ:

A 1.10 D 1.10 B 1.10 C 1.10 C 1.10 C 1.10 A 1.10 C 1.10 C 1.10

PTS: KEY: PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC:

1 New 1 Application 1 New 1 Fact 1 Concept 1 New 1 Concept 1 Application 1 Application

DIF: Easy MSC: Fact DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 33

DIF: Moderate MSC: Concept DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 32-33 | Table 1.3

DIF: Difficult

REF: p. 32 | Table 1.3

DIF: Moderate MSC: Concept DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 32-33 | Table 1.3

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 32-33 | Table 1.3

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 33

REF: p. 32 | Table 1.3

REF: p. 32-33 | Table 1.3

REF: p. 32-33 | Table 1.3

10. ANS: OBJ: 11. ANS: OBJ: 12. ANS: OBJ: 13. ANS: OBJ: 14. ANS: OBJ: 15. ANS: OBJ: 16. ANS: OBJ: 17. ANS: OBJ: 18. ANS: OBJ: 19. ANS: OBJ: 20. ANS: OBJ: 21. ANS: OBJ: 22. ANS: OBJ: 23. ANS: OBJ: 24. ANS: OBJ: 25. ANS: OBJ: 26. ANS: OBJ: 27. ANS: OBJ: 28. ANS: OBJ: 29. ANS: OBJ: 30. ANS: OBJ: 31. ANS: OBJ: 32. ANS: OBJ: 33. ANS: OBJ: 34. ANS:

D 1.10 B 1.11 B 1.11 C 1.11 C 1.11 C 1.12 D 1.12 B 1.12 D 1.12 D 1.12 D 1.12 B 1.12 C 1.12 D 1.12 D 1.13 B 1.13 D 1.14 B 1.14 A 1.14 B 1.14 B 1.14 C 1.14 B 1.14 D 1.14 B

PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: TOP: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: TOP: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS:

1 Concept 1 New 1 www 1 Concept 1 Fact 1 Concept 1 Fact 1 Fact 1 Application 1 Application 1 Application 1 Fact 1 Application 1 Concept 1 Fact 1 New 1 Concept 1 New 1 Fact 1 New 1 www 1 Fact 1 Application 1 Fact 1

DIF: Easy

REF: p. 34

DIF: MSC: DIF: MSC: DIF:

Moderate Fact Moderate Fact Moderate

REF: p. 36

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 38

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 41

DIF: Easy

REF: p. 41

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 41

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 41

DIF: Difficult

REF: p. 41

DIF: Difficult

REF: p. 41-42

DIF: Difficult

REF: p. 42

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 42

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 42

DIF: Easy

REF: p. 43

DIF: Moderate MSC: Fact DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 43 | Table 1.5

DIF: Easy MSC: Application DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 43

DIF: MSC: DIF: KEY: DIF:

Moderate Concept Moderate New Moderate

REF: p. 44

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 44

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 44

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 46

REF: p. 38 REF: p. 38

REF: p. 42-43

REF: p. 44

REF: p. 44 MSC: Application REF: p. 44

OBJ: 35. ANS: OBJ: 36. ANS: OBJ: 37. ANS: OBJ: 38. ANS: OBJ: 39. ANS: OBJ: 40. ANS: OBJ: 41. ANS: OBJ: 42. ANS: OBJ: 43. ANS: OBJ: 44. ANS: OBJ: 45. ANS: OBJ: 46. ANS: OBJ: 47. ANS: OBJ: 48. ANS: OBJ: 49. ANS: OBJ: 50. ANS: OBJ:

1.15 B 1.16 C 1.16 B 1.16 D 1.17 D 1.17 C 1.17 B 1.17 C 1.17 A 1.18 C 1.18 C 1.18 C 1.19 A 1.19 C 1.19 B 1.19 B 1.19

KEY: PTS: KEY: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: KEY: PTS: MSC: PTS: KEY: PTS: KEY: PTS: KEY:

New 1 New 1 Fact 1 Application 1 Fact 1 Application 1 New 1 Concept 1 Application 1 Application 1 Application 1 New 1 New 1 Concept 1 New 1 New 1 New

MSC: DIF: MSC: DIF:

Fact Difficult Application Moderate

REF: p. 46 REF: p. 47

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 47

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 47

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 47

DIF: Moderate MSC: Application DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 47

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 48

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 48

DIF: Moderate

REF: p. 48

DIF: MSC: DIF: MSC: DIF:

Moderate Fact Moderate Fact Moderate

REF: p. 48

DIF: MSC: DIF: MSC: DIF: MSC:

Moderate Fact Moderate Concept Moderate Application

REF: p. 49

REF: p. 48

REF: p. 49 REF: p. 49

REF: p. 49 REF: p. 49...