Rationale for Key stage 2 Learning Outside the Classroom PDF

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This essay was a rationale to explain the importance of Learning Outside the Classroom and why its relevant in our society and educational experience....

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Rat i onal ef orKeys t age2Lear ni ngOut s i det heCl as sr oom Thi sr at i onal ewi l lex pl ai nandpr ov i deev i denc eoft hebenefi t soft ak i ngt henat i onal c ur r i c ul um out s i det hec l as sr oom s uppor t edbyc ont ext uall i t er at ur e.I twi l lbr i ngi nel ement sf r om ex per i ent i aleduc at i onandnat ur ec onnec t ednes st obui l dadi s c us s i onoft hes eadv ant agesaswel last hedi s adv ant agesofLear ni ngOut s i det heCl as sr oom.I twi l lgoont odes c r i beas es si onofout doorl ear ni ng t hati sunder pi nnedbyc ur r entl ear ni ngt heor y . Lear ni ngOut s i det heCl ass r oom ( hencef or t hwr i t t enasLOt C)i st hei deat hatt ak i ngani ndi v i dual t o anout s i des et t i ngot hert hant hec l as sr oom c anbeaus ef ul t oolt oenc our ageandex pandani ndi v i dual sl ear ni ng.Thenat i onal bodyr es pons i bl ef orgov er ni ngands uppor t i ngLOt Ci nt heUKi sThe Counc i lf orLear ni ngOut s i det heCl as sr oom ( 2016) .Or i gi nal l ymanagedbyt heDepar t mentofEduc at i oni n2006,t hec ounc i lf or medi nt oDecember2008.Thef oc usofLOt Ci snotonl yonwhatpeopl el ear nbuthowandwher e.Ac c or di ngt oTheCounci lofLear ni ngOut s i det heCl ass r oom ( 2016) i tpr ov i desac ont extt ol ear ni ngi nbot hgener alands ubj ec tbas edknowl edge,pr obl em s ol v i ng s k i l l s ,andl i f es k i l l ss uc hasi nt er per s onalc ommuni c at i on.TheCounc i lf orLOt Chasmadeeffor t s t or egul at eLOt Cbyc r eat i nganawar ds c hemec al l edt heL Ot CMar k .Thi sawar di sus edt os uppor t andas s i s tsc hool si nev ol vi ngi t sL Ot Cex per i encesaswel l asr ec ogni s i ngal r eadyex i st i ngc ommendabl epr ogr ammes .Theas pi r at i onal el ementoft hi ss c hemei sc ommendabl eashav i nga br onz e,s i l v erandgol dawar dwi l lmot i v at et hei ns t i t ut et oc ont i nuous l yi mpr ov et hequal i t yofeduc at i ont heypr ov i de. Ther ear emanypr ogr ammest hathav ebeendev el opedwi t hL Ot Casac ent r al t heme,wher el es s i mpor t anc ei spl ac eduponf or malc l as s r oom educat i on.Suc hpr ogr ammesi nc l udef or es ts c hool s , gr eencar eandwi l der nes st her apy .For es ts chool shav eSc andi nav i anr oot sandar ei ns t i t ut est hat offerpeopl eofal lagesc ons i s t entoppor t uni t i est oac hi ev e,andbui l dt hei rs el f c onfi dencet hr ough pr act i c all ear ni ngi naf or es tset t i ng( O’Br i enandMur r a y ,2006) .Thek eyel ement sofaf or es t s c hooli st heus eofawoodl andenv i r onment ,ahi ghpupi lt oadul tr at i o,t heFoundat i onSt ageobj ec t i v esandt heNat i onalCur r i c ul um ar el i nk edt ot hei rl ear ni ng,ex pl or at or yf r eedom t hr oughmul t i pl es ens es ,andr egul arc ont actov eranex t endedt i mef r ame( O’ Br i enandMur r a y ,2006) .Ac cor di ngt ot heFor es tSc hool As s oc i at i on( nodat e)ot herar easoff oc uswoul di nc l udeahol i s t i cappr oac ht ot hedev el opmentofc onfi dent ,i ndependent ,r es i l i entandc r eat i v el ear ner swi t h‘ ar ange ofl ear ner c ent r edpr ocesst oc r eat eac ommuni t yf orbei ng,dev el opmentandl ear ni ng. ’Thef or es t s et t i nghel psy oungpeopl ef or geadeeperc onnec t i ont ot hei rnat ur als ur r oundi ngs ,whi c hhas beenwel les t abl i shedasapos i t i v eandheal t hyendeav our .Gr eens pac espl ayav i t alr ol ei nt henat i onsheal t hcar es y s t em andi sut i l i s edt ohel pt ac k l eobes i t y ,ment ali l l nes s ,heal t hi nequal i t i es ,ant i s oc i albehav i ourandc ar di ov as c ul ardi seas e( Fac ul t yofPubl i cHeal t h,2010)s oi twoul dmak e s enset oes t abl i s ht hem al s oasal ear ni ngenvi r onment .For es tSc hool sal s oc ont r i but et of ourof t hefi v eobj ec t i v esoft hegov er nmentf r amewor k‘ Ev er yChi l dMat t er s ’whi c har e:Beheal t hy ,s t ay s af e,enj oyandac hi ev e,mak eapos i t i v econt r i but i on( Depar t mentf orEduc at i on,2003) .Thes e L Ot Cpr ogr ammesgener al l yut i l i s eout doorl ear ni ngt heor ys uc hasex per i ent i al educ at i onandnat ur econnec t ednes st ohel pgui det hec hi l dr en’ sl ear ni ngexper i enc e. Chi c k er i ng( 1976)ex pl ai nst hatex per i ent i all ear ni ng‘ oc c ur swhenc hangesi nj udgement ,f eel i ngs , k nowl edgeorsk i l l sr es ul tf orapar t i c ul arper s onf r om l i v i ngt hr oughanev entorev ent s . ’ Anot her t er m‘ ex per i ent i al educ at i on’hasof t enbeenus edi nt er c hangeabl ywi t hex per i ent i all ear ni ngwhi c h c anc aus ec onf usi on.Ex per i ent i al educ at i oni sbes tdefinedasat r ans ac t i onalpar adi gm bet ween educ at orandl ear ner ,wher easex per i ent i all ear ni ngi st hec hanget hathappensper s onal l yt ot he l ear nerduet oani ndi v i dualex per i enc e.Kol b’ sLear ni ngCy cl e( 1984)i samodel t hatus est heex per i ent i alphi l os ophy ,begi nni ngwi t hc onc r et eex per i enc e,t hel ear nermus tac t i v el ybedoi ngs omet hi ng;asKol b( 1984)bel i ev esani ndi v i dualc annotpas si v el yl ear n.Thi si st henf ol l owedbyr efl ec -

t i v eobs er v at i on,wher et hel ear nermus tr e vi ewandanal y set heex per i ence.Thet hi r ds t agei sabs t r actc onc ept ual i s at i onwher et hel ear nermak ess ens eoft heex per i enc e.Theyc r eat el i nk sand c ompar i s onsbet weent heex per i enceandt hei rpr eex i st i ngk nowl edge,t hi shel pst ounder s t and andi nt er pr ett her efl ect i onst heymadei nt omeani ngf ull ear ni ng( Gi bbsandPr i es t ,2010) .Howev er , Wai t eandDav i s( 2007)bel i ev et hatt hi semphas i sonr efl ec t i ont hatnowseemst obeembeddedi n out doort heor y ,i snotal way sneces sar yasmanynat ur alphenomenaar et r ans par entanddonot needdeepanal y s esf orl ear ni ngt obeat t ai ned. Ac cor di ngt oUni v er s i t i es UK( 2014)t her ehasbeenani nc r eas ei nt henumberofs t udent swhi ch c r eat esgr eat erpr es s ur eont heeduc at ort oappeal t omor et y pesofl ear ner s ,sot het r adi t i onal modeli sbecomi ngl es sandl es seffec t i v e.Howev er ,i mpor t antoppor t uni t i esc anbef oundi nex per i ent i al educ at i onf ort henont r adi t i onall ear nert ohel pal l ev i at et hi spr es sur e( Rol l s ,1992) .‘ Fi r s t handex per i ences . . .c anhel pt omak es ubj ec t smor ev i v i dandi nt er est i ngf orpupi l sandenhance t hei runder s t andi ng. ’( HM Gov er nment ,2008) . Anot herconceptt hati sl i nk eds t r ongl ywi t hbot hl ear ni ngandeduc at i oni st het heor yofnat ur ec onnect ednes s .Bui l di ngont hei deasofAl doLeopol dwhopr oduc edoneoft hec or ner s t onesofmoder ncons er v at i ons ci ence( TheAl doLeopol df oundat i on,2016)nat ur ec onnect ednessi st hei dea t hathav i ngas t r ong,deepconnec t i onwi t ht henat ur alenvi r onmentc anhos tamy r i adofbenefi t s .A s ur v eydonebyNat ur al Engl andi n2009r ev eal st hatasl i t t l eas10% ofchi l dr enpl ayout si dec ompar edt ot hei rpar ent s ,ofwhi ch40% pl ay edout si dewhent heywer ey ounger .Thi shasbecome s uc hac onc er nt hatt hephr as e‘ nat ur edefi c i tdi s or der ’wascoi nedbyRi c har dLouv( 2005) ,al t hought hi shasmi s l eadi ngmedi c ali mpl i c at i ons . I n2013,ar epor tf ort heRSPBr e v eal edt hats omec hi l dr enhav edi ffic ul t yunder s t andi ngt hegener alc onc eptofr es pons i bi l i t yt heyhav ef ort henat ur al env i r onmentbec aus et heyl ac knat ur ec onnect ednes st ot hei rl oc alenv i r onment( Br aggetal . ,2013;Pr et t yetal ,2009) .Thi si sanex ampl eof pr emat ur eex t r act i on,s omec hi l dr enfi ndi thar dt oc onnectt os omet hi ngl ar gert hant hems el v esbec aus et hef oundat i onsofdeepconnec t i ont onat ur ehav en' tbeenf or medonal oc al s cal e.LOt C c anhel pbr i dget hi sgapbyi nt r oduc i ngnat ur easanac compani mentt ol ear ni ng,i ns t eadofas epar at eav enue,s ot hedev el opmenti smadei nt r i nsi c al l y( HM Gov er nment ,2008;Engl i s hOut door Counc i l ,2010) .T ocombatt hi s ,i nr ec enty ear ss c hool shav ei nc r eas edt hei rus eofal l ot ment s ,gar dens ,gr eenpl ay gr oundsandwoodl ands( Pr et t yetal ,2009) . Of s t edi nt hei r2008t hemat i cr epor tonL Ot Cr ecogni s et hei mpor t anc eofi nf or mall ear ni ng,and bel i ev est hati t si mpor t anc es houl dbeatl eas tequalt of or mall ear ni ng,ass omebel i ev et hats c hool onl yt eac hc hi l dr enhowt obepupi l s( Bak er ,2012) .Thi si sbac k edbyhar dev i denc epr ov i dedby t heEngl i s hOut doorCounc i l( 2010)t hatL Ot Chel pss t udent st of or m goodr el at i onshi pswi t hot her s ,dev el opai ndi v i dual i dent i t yands el f wor t h,ar emor ei nt ouc hwi t ht hei remot i onsandhowt o managet hem andbecomemor ei ndependentandor gani s ed.I twasf oundt hats t udent sal s ochos e t heheal t hi erl i f es t yl eopt i ons ,ar ephy si c al l ymor eabl eandunder s t andt hei mpor t anc ebehi nds t ay i ngheal t hy ,ar ebet t eratr i s kmanagement ,ar emor el i k el yt ot ak eoppor t uni t i est ot r ynewt hi ngs andar emor ec onnect edandi ns pi r edbyt henat ur alwor l d.Thes equal i t i esar ei mper at i v ef ory oung peopl et ol ear nast heyc aneffec tt hei rbehav i ouri nc l as sbutal s ot hel at ers t agesi nt hei rl i v esas wel lasl i f eex pec t anc y( Pr et t yetal ,2009) . Iam c ur r ent l ypl anni ngaLOt Cs es s i onf orak eys t age2c l as satWhal eyBr i dgePr i mar ySc hool . Thi ss es si onwi l lbeont het opi coff or c est hatwi l ll i nki nwi t ht hec l as ssc i encel es s onsandwi l lbe under pi nnedbyt henat i onalc ur r i c ul um.Ac c or di ngt ot heDepar t mentofEduc at i on( 2013) ,s t udent s mus tunder s t andt hatduet ot hef or c eofgr av i t yuns uppor t edobj ec t swi l lf al lt owar dEar t h,mus tbe abl et oi dent i f ywat erandai rr es i s t anceandf r i ct i on,andr ecogni s et hatt heeffect soff or cec anbe ampl i fi edt hr ought heus eofmec hani s mssuc haspul l ey s ,l ev er sandgear s .Humanhi s t or yc oul d beeas i l ywov eni nt ot hes t udent sl ear ni ngbyi nc l udi ngpr ol i fi csc i ent i s t ss uc hasI s s acNewt onand Gal i l eoGal i l ei .

Thebenefi t sofLOt Car ewel ldoc ument edandf ai r l yquant i fi abl e,al t hought hi sr ec ogni t i onhas beendi ffic ul tr oad,y etaswi t hev er y t hi ng,t her ei sal way ss omei s sues .Res our c esandac ces st o gr eens pac eshasbeenamaj ori s suef ormanys chool sandi ns t i t ut i ons ,al ongwi t hc os t ,heal t hand s af et yr egul at i onsandt heweat her .Manyt eac her sf eel t hatt heyar enotqual i fi edorhav emi s i nt er pr et edt hei deaofL Ot Candf eelt heydonotfitt heper s onal i t yt y peofan‘ out door s man’or‘ i ns t r uct or ’s oc oul dn' tpos si bl ydel i v ereduc at i onout s i de.Apr omi nentdebat ei nt heeduc at i onals ect ori s howmuc hr es ponsi bi l i t yt hes c hoolort eac her sar eex pec t edt ot ak e,andhowmuc hanex t er i or pr ov i ders houl dpr ov i de.Of t encommuni cat i oni sweakbet weens c hool sandex t er nalpr ov i der s ( s uc hasmus eums ,f or es tda y s ,wor k s hops )ands ot hel ear ni ngdoes n' tt r ans l at ewel l .Anot her pr obl em duet ot hi sl ac kofcommuni cat i oni st hatanyl ear ni ngexper i enc eddur i nganex t er nal v i s i t i sof t ennotl i nk edbac ki nt ot hel es s onsandr efl ect eduponaf t er war ds .Howev er ,t heev i denc et hat L Ot Ci sapos i t i v eendeav ouri sov er whel mi ng,wi t ht hei s s uesbei ngmos t l ys ol v abl ewi t har eadj us t mentoft hought .

Ref er ences Ki ngsCol l egeLondon,( 2011) .Under s t andi ngt heDi v er s eBenefi t sofl ear ni ngi nNat ur alEnvi r onment s .[ onl i ne]Nat ur alEngl and.Av ai l abl eat : ht t p: / / publ i c at i ons . nat ur al engl and. or g . uk / publ i c at i on/ 4524600415223808[ Ac ces s ed28Feb.2016] . Bak er ,F . S.( 2012)‘ Chi l dr enl ear ni ngout s i det hec l as s r oom:Fr om bi r t ht oel ev en,edi t edbySue Wai t e,London,s age,2011,264pp. ,£65. 00( har dback ) ,I SBN9780857020475’ ,Teac herDev el opment ,16( 2) ,pp.273–277.doi :10. 1080/ 13664530. 2012. 688683. Br agg,R. ,Wood,C. ,Bar t on,J .andPr et t y ,J .( 2013)Meas ur i ngconnec t i ont onat ur ei nc hi l dr en aged812:Ar obus tmet hodol ogyf ort heRSPBAs hor tr epor tf orRSPB.Av ai l abl eat : ht t ps : / / www. r s pb. or g. uk / I mages / met hodol ogy r epor t _t c m9354606. pdf( Acc es s ed:27Febr uar y 2016) . Chi ck er i ng,A. W.( 1976)‘ t hedoubl ebi ndoffi el ddependence/ i nde[ endencei npr ogr am al t er nat i v es f oreduc at i onaldev el opment ’ ,I ndi v i dual i t yi nl ear ni ng. Depar t mentf orEducat i on( 2003)Ev er yc hi l dmat t er s.Av ai l abl eat : ht t ps : / / www. educat i on. gov . uk / cons ul t at i ons / downl oadabl eDoc s / Ev er y Chi l dMat t er s . pdf( Acc es s ed: 29Febr uar y2016) . Engl i s hOut doorCounc i l( 2010)ENGLI SHOUTDOORCOUNCI LTI MEFORCHANGEI N OUTDOORLEARNI NG.Av ai l abl eat :ht t p: / / www. engl i s hout door counc i l . or g/ wpc ont ent / upl oads/ Change. pdf( Ac ces s ed:28Febr uar y2016) . Er ns t ,J .andThei mer ,S.( 2011)‘ Ev al uat i ngt heeffec t sofenv i r onment aleduc at i onpr ogr ammi ng onc onnec t ednes st onat ur e ’ ,Env i r onment al Educ at i onRes ear c h,17( 5) ,pp.577–598.doi : 10. 1080/ 13504622. 2011. 565119. Fac ul t yofPubl i cHeal t h( 2010)Gr eatout door s :Howournat ur alheal t hs er vi c eus esgr eens pac e t oi mpr o v ewel l bei ng:Anac t i onr epor t .Av ai l abl eat :ht t p: / / www. f ph. or g . uk / upl oads / r _gr eat _out door s . pdf. For es tSc hoolAs s oc i at i on( nodat e)WhatI sFor es tSc hool ?.Av ai l abl eat :ht t p: / / www. f or es t sc hool as s oci at i on. or g/ what i s f or es t s c hool /( Acc es s ed:29Febr uar y2016) .

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