SBI4U Lesson Assignment 2 (docx) PDF

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SBI4U Lesson Assignment 2 In this assignment you are going to focus on: Functional Groups and Macromolecules.

Total Marks: 100 marks Instructions: After completing the lesson action section of your home page, you are ready to complete your lesson assignment. Follow these steps. a) In the textbox given, explain the strategy that you used to determine your answer. b) Fill in your answer. The mark for each question is given at the introduction to the questions to be completed. c) When finished answering all your questions, save your file and upload the file into the appropriate dropbox.

Part A (Using the Concepts): Multiple Choice: (70 marks) Each question is worth different marks according to the strategy used. If calculations are required, the mark for the strategy will worth more marks and the final answer will be worth one mark. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Your choices are given below the text box. Make sure you include your strategy.

____

1. (two marks) Choose the element that is found in all organic compounds. Carbon is found in all organic compounds. It is means that all organic compounds must have commom presence of carbon.

a. nitrogen b. carbon c. sulphur ____

d. hydrogen e. oxygen

2. (three marks) The following structural formula is representative of which functional group? Carboxyl, because atom of a hydrogen is attached with oxygen.

hydryl roxyl

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d. carboxyl e. amino

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c. carbonyl

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____

3. (three marks) What name is given to compounds in which a carbon atom only bonds to hydrogen and other carbon atoms? Hydrocarbons

a. fatty acids b. hydrocarbons c. lipids ____

d. nucleic acids e. carbohydrates

4. (three marks) The following structural formula is representative of which functional group? Amino The substituent -NH2 is called an amino group. Compounds with a nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl group, thus having the structure R–CO–NR′R″, are called amides and have different chemical properties from amines.

ulfhydryl ydroxyl c. carboxyl ____

d. carbonyl e. amino

5. (three marks) The following structural formula is representative of which functional group? Carbonyl a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O

lfhydryl ydroxyl c. carboxyl ____

d. carbonyl e. amino

6. (three marks) An amino acid always has an amino group, as its name suggests. What other group is also present in all amino acids? a carboxyl groups

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a. a methyl group b. an aldehyde group c. a carbonyl group ____

d. a carboxyl group e. a hydroxyl group

7. (three marks) Structurally, a sulfhydryl group is most similar to which of the following? hydroxyl

a. carbonyl b. carboxyl c. acetyl ____8.

d. hydroxyl e. amino

(three marks) A nitrogen atom would be found bonded to a hydrogen atom in which of the following functional groups? amino

a. sulfhydryl b. hydroxyl c. carboxyl ____

d. carbonyl e. amino

9. (three marks) Which of the functional groups illustrated below would you expect to find in an amino acid? 1 and 4 A carboxyl group and amino group form an amino acid.

1

2

a. 1, 2, and 4 b. 2, and 3

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3

4

5

d. 1 and 4 e. 3 and 5

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c. 2, 4, and 5 ____ 10. (two marks) At what pH value could an enzyme have both positive and negative charges upon it? 7 At 7 pH, the enzyme have both positive and negative charges. When the pH is 7 mean is in between which can be positive or negative charge ( neutral )

a. 1 and 13 b. 1, 7, and 13 c. 13

d. 7 e. 1

____ 11. (three marks) In terms of maintaining the shape of an enzyme, the strongest bonds involved are covalent (disulfide) bonds he shape of the enzyme ( protein ) is maintained by different types of bonds like ionic bonds , hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and disulphide bonds ( covalent bonds ) Di sulfide bond is the strong covalent bond that is formed between two sulfhydryl ( - SH group ) groups of cystein amino acids . It is the permanent bond and mainly involved in stabilization of tertiary structure of protein ( enzyme ) Ionic bonds are formed between the two ions of opposite charges . In enzymes ionic bonds are formed between the ionized acidic and basic groups of amino acids . ionic bonds are weak bonds and very fragile in aqueous environment .

a. covalent (disulfide) bonds b. dipole-dipole interactions c. ionic interactions

d. hydrogen bonds e. hydrophobic bonds

____ 12. (three marks) Which of the following functional groups would be found in a monosaccharide? carbonyl and hydroxyl carbonyl (C=O) functional group, and one hydroxyl (OH) group on each of the remaining carbon atom.

a. carbonyl and hydroxyl b. glycosidic and hydroxyl c. carboxyl an amino

d. carboxyl and carbonyl e. hydroxyl and sulfhydryl

____ 13. (three marks) Of the following, which is not considered to by a polymer? Fat acid is the one not considered to be a polymer. Lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids, therefore they are not polymers because they contain one molecule and are not macromolecules.

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e. fat a. cellulose b. RNA c. starch

d. protein e. fat

____ 14. (two marks) There are four elements that make up all amino acids. Two of these are carbon and hydrogen. The other two are nitrogen and oxygen

a. sulfur and nitrogen b. phosphorus and nitrogen c. sulfur and oxygen

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d. nitrogen and oxygen e. phosphorus and oxygen

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____ 15. (three marks) When digested, which of the following substances would yield a mixture of amino acids? protein With the help of known proteins sequence, we can make its most probable nucleotide sequence based on the frequency of tRNA that is present in the organism in which we need to express the proteins. We will artificially make the sequence and amplify it using PCR.

a. carbohydrate b. nucleic acids c. sugar

d. protein e. fat

____ 16. (two marks) In humans, the function of glycogen is to keep glucose available keep glucose available since, it is the source of energy for the cells in the Human body. Glycogen is made of glucose that is it is a polymer of glucose. It is stored mainly in the liver and when glucose levels are declining, it provides glucose to the body like in fasting condition

a. synthesize proteins b. dilute the blood plasma c. keep glucose available

d. increase osmotic pressure in cells e. store glucose in plants

____ 17. (three marks) When a molecule of glycerol reacts with one or more fatty acids an ester linkage results. The formation of this linkage is a result of a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid When a carboxylic acid is treated with an alcohol and an acid catalyst, an ester is formed (along with water). This reaction is called the Fischer esterification. Notes: The reaction is actually an equilibrium. The alcohol is generally used as solvent so is present in large excess.

a. an amino acid and a carboxylic acid b. two alcohols c. an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

d. two carboxylic acids e. two amino acids

____ 18. (three marks) When two organic molecules are joined together and a water molecule is removed, the reaction is called which of the following? dehydration synthesis (condensation) can be defined as the synthesis reactions which involve the formation of a new compound with the elimination of water molecule

a. dehydration synthesis (condensation)

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d. oxidation

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b. hydrogenation c. hydrolysis

e. reduction

____ 19. (two marks) The hydrolysis (breakdown) of an ester results in an acid and an alcohol Thehy dr ol y s i sofes t err es ul t si nanaci dandal cohol

a. a sugar and an acid b. two acids c. an acid and an amine

d. two sugars e. an acid and an alcohol

____ 20. (three marks) When starch is broken down during digestion, which of the following is the product? maltose When starch is breakdown during digestion, maltose will be the product with small amount of glucose

a. cellulose b. lactose c. mannose

d. maltose e. sucrose

____ 21. (three marks) The production, or synthesis, of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates involves the removal of water removal of water makes the bonds and convert monomers into polymers like fats proteins and carbohydrates.

a. production of ATP b. addition of water c. removal of water

d. temporary hydrogen bonding e. removal of nitrogen

____ 22. (three marks) What fatty acids and glycerol chemically combine to form a fat, one other product is water

a. carbon dioxide b. ATP c. a monosaccharide

d. water e. an amino group

____ 23. (three marks) When one fat molecule is broken down to glycerol and fatty acids, the number of hydroxyl ions consumed in order to neutralize the fatty acids would be

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1

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2

d. 3 e. 4

____ 24. (three marks) The extremely large diversity of structure seen in proteins is mainly due to different numbers, kinds, and sequences of amino acids There is 20 amino acids with different structure and functional groups, in presence of those groups provide diversities

a. b. c. d. e.

the disulfide and hydrogen bonds that determine molecular shape the action of the ribosomes the precise location of specific amino acids, common to all proteins different numbers, kinds, and sequences of amino acids different kinds of bonds between successive amino acids

____ 25. (three marks) Many people are aware that water is the most abundant substance in all organisms. However, next to water, what is the major component of living cells? proteins Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

a. nucleotides b. carbohydrates c. proteins

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d. vitamins e. lipids

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Part B (Putting the Concepts to Work): Completion (30 marks): Using your reading, answer the following questions. Give your answer as well as your strategy for determining your answer. As part of your answer, give the page number in the reference material or the website that you used to find the answer to the question.

26. (4 marks) In this course you have seen that hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon form one, two, three, and four bonds, respectively. Explain why this pattern of bonding is seen with these elements. The pattern of bonding is seen they with these elements is that they all part of living organism in the earth. These elements are responsible for keeping live. They form molecule that sustain our cells, keeping the blood flow in our body function properly. These elements have so much significance in our lives, that we cannot live without their existence.

27. (eight marks) Construct a table to summarize the four major types of biochemical reactions studied in this course. For each type give the name, a word summary of what happens during the reaction, and an example of where the reaction might be biologically important.

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S.No

1

2

3 4

28.

Name of Biochemical Reaction

Takes place in

Purpose of Biochemical Reaction

Cytoplasm

Produce energy in the form of ATP. Provide pyruvate for TCA cycle.

Pentose phosphate pathway

Cytoplasm

Produce ribose 5-phosphate and NADPH

Lipogenesis

Cytoplasm of adipocytes and hepatocytes

Synthesis of lipids for plasma membrane and other structures in cell.

Beta-oxidation of lipids

Matrix of mitochondria

Produce energy in the form of ATP and acetyl-CoA.

Glycolysis

(4 marks) In the following chemical reaction, C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy identify: a. the substance(s) being oxidized b. the reducing agent c. the substance that is reduced d. the oxidizing agent

C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

a. the substance(s) being oxidized: C6H12O6

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b. the reducing agent: C6H12O6 c. the substance that is reduced: O2 d. the oxidizing agent: O2

29. (4 marks) In the following chemical equation,

a) b) c) d)

Iron is being reduced Iron is the oxidizing agent Chloride is being oxidized Chloride is the reducing agent

Fe + Cl2  Fe2+ + 2 Clidentify: a. what is being oxidized b. what is being reduced c. what is the oxidizing agent d. what is the reducing agent 30. (ten marks) Oleic acid has the chemical formula CH3C16H28COOH. The chemical formula for glycerol is C3H8O3. Imagine a fat is formed when three molecules of oleic acid react with one molecule of glycerol. a. Draw the structural formula of the fat (Note: Let R=CH3C16H28) b. What other product will be formed in this reaction? c. Name the type of linkages formed between the reactants.

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d. State three functions of fats in an organism.

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b) The products that will form the reaction are triglyceride and Water c) The linkages that will formed between the reactant which are an alcohol (glycerol) and the fat acid (Oleic acid) is a Condensation Reaction. d) Triglycerides, cholesterol and other essential fatty acids-the scientific term for fats the body can't make on its own-store energy, insulate us and protect our vital organs.

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