Science, Technology, and Society Module 1 PDF

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Summary

Science, Technology, and Society Module 1 contained the Historical Antecedents
of Science, Technology and Society....

Description

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY College of Sciences

GE-STS

SCIENCE, TECH SOCIE CLM 1

Historical An of Science, Technology and Society

Table of Contents

Content

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Title Page Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………….1 Learning Outcomes………………………..…………………………...………………2 Overview…….………………………………………………………………….............3 Initial Activity…………………….………………….......………………………………4 Defining STS……………..………………………………………………….................5 Historical Antecedents of STS………………………………………………………...5 Paradigm Shift……………...………………………………………..…….……………9 Learning Check…………………………………………………….………….………10 Evaluation……………………………………………………………..……….………11 Rubrics…………………………………………………………...……………............12 References…………………………………………………………………................13

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Learning Outcomes

After going through in this module, you should be able to :

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Discuss the history of Science and Technology in the world and in the Philippines.

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Explain the interactions between Science, Technology and Society.

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w Know It!

Welcome to the interesting world of Science, Technology, and Society. This subject is said to be the study on how social, economic, political, and cultural aspects affect scientific researches, development of technologies that affect human society. It was before the Spaniards take over the Philippines, the Philippines has already the concept of STS. It is enveloped in the people's way of life, and Science has taught them the importance of developing technologies and improved inventions up to the present. The Philippines may belong to the so-called 'third-world countries', we still have amazing inventions and discoveries that worth to be told in world history. Filipinos take pride in those achievements, and we are thriving for more as of today. This module talks about the historical antecedent of STS and its effects on the environment. Let us uncover the beauty of this subject.

Did you know Sophia? She’s the first robot to receive citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Did you know babies have around 100 more bones that adults? Did you know the Eiffel Tower can be 15cm taller during summer? Did you know water can boil and freeze at the same time? Did you know there is DNA in your body to stretch from the sun to Pluto seven times? Did you know your walks in your entire life is equivalent to touring around the world five times?

Sources: Macdonald (2018), Noria (n.d.), & Puiu (2021)

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ctivity

Eliciting Ideas: Inside Out Fill the circles with your ideas regarding the said concepts. Overlapping of circles mean similarities of each concept.

Science

Technology

Society

Dominant Physical Traits of your future child

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Discussion

1.1 Defining STS STS simply stands for science, technology and society. It is an interdisciplinary field of academic teaching and research, with elements of a social movement, having as its primary focus the explication and analysis of science and technology as complex social constructs with attendant societal influences entailing myriad epistemological, political, and ethical question (“Science, Technology, And Society Studies,” 2021). Let us imagine we are on top of the most remote mountain in the Philippines; unless we live in such a place, imagination is not needed. Science would become a big deal for us. Without it, there could be no cellular phones for communication and entertainment; no broadcasts are sharing important news nationwide; no electricity to light the night; nothing! Admit it or not, our life is entirely dependent on technology. Eventually, it will reshape our mode of thinking about what is happening around us. That is STS. Science is the study of the natural world by systematic methods of observation and experiment. Technology is the application of science to practical purposes. Moreover, Society uses those technologies. That is how they are connected

1.2 Historical Antecedents of STS Table 1.1 History of Science and Technology in the World CULTURE

TECHNOLOGY

ASTRONOMY

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Mesoamerican Revolution A. Maya Civilization

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Religion structuring. Mayans also known for measuring time using two complicated calendar system, it is very useful for their life like in planning their activities and observing religion ritual and cultural celebration.

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Used tool and adapt to innovation especially in field of art such as looms for weaving cloth.

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Advanced understanding in astronomy Temples and pyramids at chichen itza which situated at the location of the sun during the spring and fall. Understanding about the celestial bodies, such as predicting eclipse and by using astrological cycle in planting and harvesting. Mayan calendar.

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Discussion

1.2 Historical Antecedents of STS CULTURE 2. Inca Civilization

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TECHNOLOGY 

“Navel of the world” Inca culture was a very advanced civilization and was led by 13 Incas, who were in-charge of governing a people divided into social classes.

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3. Aztec Civilization

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Mandatory education. Invention of the canoe.

4. Olmec Civilization

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“The Rubber People” Inhabited in a small area about 125 by 50 kilometers. They develop the first written language and number system

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ASTRONOMY

Made advanced scientific ideas considering limitation and old civilization. Road paved with stone. Stone buildings that surmounted earthquake and other disaster. Irrigation system and technique in storing water. First suspension bridge. Quipu system of knotted ropes to keep records that only expert can interpret. Inca textile. Chinampa. A form technology used for agricultural farming where the land was divided in rectangular areas surrounded by canals.

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Calendar with 12 months.

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Aztec calendar.

Make rubber ball for ritualistic ballgame. Built cities and acquired great wealth. Artifacts such as jade mask and giant heads.

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Olmec civilization did not pay attention in astronomy.

Asia

1. China

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It is one of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in many areas such as in medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts, philosophy and music. Confucianism is an ethical philosophical system developed from the teaching of early Chinese rage Confucius.

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Known for traditional medicines, discovered various medical properties and uses of different plants and animals to cure human illness (practice of acupuncture). Known to develop many tools like compass, papermaking, gunpowder, printing tools, iron plough, wheelbarrow, propeller, etc. Different model of bridges, seismological detector and dry dock facilities.

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Chinese made a significant record on supernovas, lunar and solar eclipses, comets were recorded to understand better the heavenly bodies and their effect to the world. They also used lunar calendar and seismology so that they can prepare in times of natural calamities.

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Discussion

CULTURE 2. India

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Middle East

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Africa

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Tried to standardize the measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy and designed a ruler called mohenjodaro. Astronomers and mathematician Aryabhata introduce number of trigonometric functions, tables, techniques as well as algorithms of algebra. Bragmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction. The common language is Arabic and access text from the Byzantine Empire to create innovations and developed new ideas. Algebra is derived from al-jabr the title of one of his publication what is known as Arabic numerical system.

TECHNOLOGY  

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 Egyptians are good in four fundamental mathematical operation and other  mathematical skills such as basic concept of algebra and geometry. The lemombo bone which is a tool for multiplications, divisions  and simple mathematical calculation or six-month lunar calendar, considered as oldest known mathematical artifact from 35,000 BCE.

ASTRONOMY

Manufacturing iron and metallurgical works, their iron steel is considered the best in whole Roman Empire. India is also famous in medicine. (Ex. Ayurveda it is system of traditional medicine.)

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Muslim scientists placed greater value on science experiments rather than in plain thought experiments. Led to the development of scientific methods. Muslim chemist and alchemist also played an important role in foundation of chemistry.

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Africa is blessed with natural and mineral resources, thus caused the emerge of science. Early science activities in Egypt were developed to improve the quality of their life especially in building homes and cities. Also known to be the center alchemy known as medieval forerunner of chemistry.

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India is also notable in astronomy, they developed theories on configuration of universe, the spherical supporting earth, and the year of 360 days with 12 equal parts to 30 days each. A significant number of stars in the sky such as Aldebaran, Altair, and Deneb, and astronomical term such as Alidade, Azimuth and Nadir, are still referred to by their Arabic names. The structure of Egyptian pyramids, which are based on Constellation Orion’s belt, and dams to divert water in Nile river. Astronomy is also famous, they used three types of calendar (lunar, solar and stellar)

Note. Data for History of Science and Technology in the World from Serafica, et al. (2018) and Doria, et al. (2018).

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on

Table 1.2 History of Science and Technology in the Philippines PHILIPPINES Pre-Colonial Period

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CULTURE

TECHNOLOGY

ASTRONOMY

CULTURE

TECHNOLOGY

ASTRONOMY

They have alphabet, a system of writing, as method of counting and weights and measures. They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of terraced.

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Colonial Period

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Modern Period

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Introduced formal educations founded by scientific institution school were established religion, reading, writing, and arithmetic. Spanish established colleges and universities. Instructions in English and American history lead to forming of national identity and Filipino nationalism.

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Already engaging in activities and practices related to science forming primitive or first wave of technology. They have curative values on how to extract medicine from the herbs. They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and polishing stone. Also built boat for trading purposes. (caracoa) In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST. Science was inclined in agriculture and food processing.

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They had no calendar but counted the years by the period of the moon and from one harvest to another. (baybayin buan)

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Accounts by Spanish friars in the 1580s showed that astronomy was already known and practiced. The accounts also give the local names of constellations, such as Moroporo for the Pleiades and Balatik for Ursa Major among others.

Education become stable,  Throughout our history, social  new curriculums were innovations have played a central role in established and used. our technological transformation.  Modern Filipino culture  By applying technology to resolve social developed through influence innovation challenges, the Philippines is from Chinese traders, looking to solve the urbanization Spanish conquistadors, and challenges. American rulers.  Filipino people tend to be very hospitable especially to western visitors. Note. Data for History of Science and Technology in the World from Serafica, et al. (2018) and Doria, et al. (2018).

The institutions continued to be well known for its accurate typhoon forecast and scientific works in the field of meteorology, geo-magnetism and astronomy.

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1.3 Paradigm Shift A paradigm shift is a phenomenon conceptualized and explored by Thomas Kuhn and is not just a small modification to an existing scientific theory. Instead, it wholly changes the scientific theory itself and radically modified how it seeks to understand reality. Figure 1.1 Notable Paradigm Shifts in History

Copernican Revolution https://kiwiburn.com/news/me et-copernicus-builder-tinkerermaker-of-things-in-general/

For the first time in the 16th century, Copernicus bravely challenged the Ptolemaic model of heavens – geocentric. It described the cosmos as having the Earth stationary at the center of the universe, and everything revolves around it. Copernicus proposed a new model, heliocentric, showing the sun as the center of the solar system. The Catholic church was against him, so his ideas did not prosper at once. His books and he, himself, were denied by society. Few centuries had passed before the world started to acknowledge his greatness through Galileo Galilei – the man who picked up all Copernicus had left. Until then, the sun stands out in the center of the solar system.

Darwinian Revolution https://www.thoughtco.c om/interesting-factsabout-charles-darwin1224479

According to the bible, God had created the world and everything on it. All the species of animals and plants now in existence were thought to have been created in their final form at the Creation time. Then one mind questioned it all – Charles Darwin. Interest in fossils fueled the increase in scientific awareness during his time. He focused on geological change and presented a classic explanation of development over millions of years. He had persuaded most people that ‘transmutation’ was an acceptable scientific explanation of the geological past. However, he had not necessarily persuaded them that natural selection was the cause of it.

Freudian Revolution livescience.com/54682-ispenis-envy-real.html

Freud’s revolution may be viewed as discovering a way of locating in the mind objective entities that can be studied like material things. When Freud introduced the unconscious realm concept, the mind’s mode of operation had been a subject of confusion and debate in the scientific community. According to, Freud was mostly responsible for elevating our interpretations of human behavior to the rational ideas of reason and science. After years of analysis and research, Freud reached a simple conclusion that changed the face of intellectual history and proved to be amongst his most significant gifts to the twentieth century. Unconsciousness is held responsible if the symptoms were not consciously created with a physical basis.

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g Check

A. Fill the table below to show the interaction of Science, Technology and Society throughout the history. Table 1.3 Evaluation A Ancient Age

Middle Age

Modern Age

Mesoamerica

Asia

Middle East 11

Philippines

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B. Write an essay on how scientific and technological developments affect society and environment. Give your essay a creative title and thoughts.

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Table 1.4 Rubric for Essay Writing Criteria

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8-9

5-7

1-4

Focus and Details

One simple, well-focused subject exists. The key concepts are straightforward and well supported by thorough and precise details.

One simple, wellfocused subject exists. Key principles are simple, but comprehensive knowledge is not well supported.

Several subjects exist. The main concepts are somewhat apparent.

Creativity

Thoughts and ideas are creative. The voice is original, and the essence of the topic is unique.

Thoughts and ideas are creative. Most of the parts are original and creatively unique.

Most of the thoughts The essay is plain and without creativity. and ideas are creative. Some parts are familiar.

Organization

The whole essay is structured. The key topic is given and an outline of the paper is provided. Knowledge is important and presented in a logical order. Inference is strong.

Most of the components are structured. The introduction sets out the main subject and offers a summary of the article. A conclusion is included.

A few sections are not standardized. The main subject is mentioned in the introduction. There is a conclusion included.

There is no organization of the whole essay. No simple introduction, structure, or conclusion is present.

Sentence Structure, Grammar, Mechanics & Spelling

All phrases are well developed and differ in structure and duration. In grammar, mechanics, and / or spelling, the author makes no mistakes.

The majority of phrases are well built and differ in form and duration. In grammar, mechanics, and / or spelling, the author makes a few mistakes, but they do not interfere with learning.

Most phrases are well built, but they have a structure and/or duration that is identical. In grammar, mechanics, and/or spelling, the author makes many errors that interfere with comprehension.

Sentences sound unnatural, are repeated distractingly, or are hard to comprehend. In grammar, mechanics, and/or spelling, the author makes several errors that interfere with comprehension.

It is not clear about the subjects and main concepts.

Instructor’s Comments

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References

Doria, B., Nacario, C. & Solis, M. (2018). Science, Technology and Society. Jimczyville Publications. #16 Concha St., Bgry. Tinajeros, Malabon City. 1, 3-45. How It Works Team. (2019, February 5). 15 amazing science facts that will bl...