Sociology Test 1 Study Guide PDF

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The study guide and review information needed for the first test that I took in Sociology. ...

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Sociology(Test(1(Study(Guide( ! Deductive!vs.!Inductive!approach!to!research:!! Deductive:(( 1. Starts!with!a!theory!! 2. Develops!a!hypothesis! 3. Makes!empirical!observations! 4. Analyzes!data!to!confirm,!reject,!or!modify!the!original!theory! Theory!!!Hypothesis!!!Empirical!observations!!!Analysis! ! Inductive:( 1. Starts!with!empirical!observation! 2. Then!works!to!from!a!theory! 3. Determines!if!a!correlation!exists!by!noticing!if!a!change!is!observed!in!2! things!simultaneously!! Empirical!observations!!!Analysis!!!Theory! ! Independent!Variable:!Measured!factor!that!has!an!impact!! Dependent!Variable:!The!outcome!that!is!being!explained! ! Population:!entire!group! Sample:!Subset!of!population! !

“Good”!research!should!be!valid,!reliable,!and!generalizable.! ! Validity:!the!study!measures!what!it!is!intended!to!measure! Reliability:!If!you!conduct!the!study!again,!you’ll!get!the!same!results! ! A!Spurious!Relationship!is!when!two!topics!that!are!completely!different!from!each! other!have!similar!correlation!over!time! ! Research!Methods:!Quantitative!or!Qualitative!(Quantitative!involves!numerical! attributes)! ! Correlation:!Simultaneous!change!in!variables! Causality:!The!idea!that!a!change!in!one!factor!results!in!a!corresponding!change!in! another!factor! ! Operationalization:!the!process!of!assigning!a!precise!method!for!measuring!a!term! being!examined!in!a!particular!study! ! People( -

Weber:!Suggested!that!sociologists!approach!social!behavior!form!the! perspective!of!those!engaging!in!it!

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Marx:!Believed!that!it!was!primarily!the!conflicts!between!classes!that!drove! social!change!throughout!history!

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Durkheim:!believed!that!the!world!can!be!described!and!predicted!by!certain! observable!relationships!(positivist!sociology)!...