Study Guide 1-1-2 Anthro PDF

Preview

Summary

Fitz...

Description

Lizzy Weis Study guide – Kottak, Chapters 1 & 2 CHAPTER 1 What is general anthropology? General anthropology is the study of the whole human condition of the past, the present, and the future. This includes their biology, their language, their culture, their nature, and their society. What does it mean that anthropology is holistic? Anthropology being holistic mean that you cannot truly understand human beings without understanding the full range of the human phenomenon of the past, present and the future. How does anthropology differ from history? Sociology? Biology? Though all of these are studies of particular things, anthropology has a focus on the study of comparing different societies in order to understand the ways of humans and cultural diversities. Sociology, which is similar, focuses on the study of societies and humans in the societies. Biology focusses on the study of life and while it is a factor into anthropology it also has a focus on human and animal biology. Is general anthropology the same thing as cultural anthropology? Why or why not? They are not the same thing but work with each other. Cultural anthropology is a subdivision of the general anthropology, just as sociocultural anthropology is the same as well. It analyses and studies social and cultural similarities and differences while the general anthropology is the academic discipline of anthropology Cultural Anthropology (definition, methods, examples) Describes, analyses, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences both of present and recent past. Ethnography and ethnology are two methods of this. Some examples are examining groups of people as a tribal society and looking at discriminating towards groups of people. Also: Participant observation This is a research technique when studying ethnographic fields of work. Archaeology (definition, potential areas of focus, examples) Archeology reconstructs, interprets, and describes human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains. It combines archeological fata and textual data to reconstruct historically known groups. They can work on the sites where people have loved materials made by humans, plants, and animal remains, wild and domesticated grains and animal bones to reveal useful information involving the area and the pole that lived in them. An example of this

would be Paleoecology. Paleoecology is the study of interrelations among the living things in the environment. Also: Rathje study’s fundamental impact on anthropology as a discipline Shows that what people report can be of contrast to the actual behaviors. What can artifacts tell us? They can tell us about past societies and patterns in which people lived. Do archaeologists study physical remains (i.e. skeletons)? Yes. Biological Anthropology (definition, areas of focus, overlapping disciplinary interests, key terms) Biological anthropology is human biological diversity in time and space. The areas that are focuses are human evolutions, genetics, growth and development, human plasticity and primatology. Some of the other interests are zoology, ecology, geology, anatomy, physiology, medicine, and public health. Also: Paleoanthropology Studying fossil records of humans Osteology Studying of bones Linguistic Anthropology (definition, areas of focus) Linguistic anthropology studies language in its social and cultural context. Across space and times. Historically, it reconstructs ancient languages and study variation over time. Sociolinguistics investigate relationships between social and linguistic variations. How does linguistic anthropology compare to the discipline of linguistics (outside of anthropology)? They are both language structure. And theories of language and ow that impacts human cultural and social behaviors. Why are there four subfields in anthropology? Each subfield helps you understand and considers the variation of humans in time and space. They work together by influencing certain aspects of another. Human nature cannot be derived from studying a single nation, society, or tradition. What are some of the ways that early American (late 19th/ early 20th century) anthropology differs from anthropology today?

Early anthropology had very little evidence of other cultures and few fossil evidences to help them study other cultures. With that, there was very little knows about African, Aztec, and Incan cultures. These are huge in helping us understand our history in our anthropology today. With today’s modern technology, we are able to understand how populations and societies are different and how we are interacting with one another. Does culture influence the body type, and/or skeletal structure? Why or why not? Yes, culture is a fundamental force in determining how human bodies grow and develop/ Practices like Chinese foot binding, corsets and brass rings to elongate necks are ways that we are able to study how different cultures view attractiveness within its own population and environment. Adaptation The successful interaction of a populations with its environment. Acclimatization Coordinated response to several individual assessors simultaneously . Acclimation Coordinated response developed by an animal to a specific stressor in an environment. Biocultural Scientific explorations of relationships between human biology and culture. Cultural standards of well-being/attractiveness (Chinese foot-binding, corset, etc.) Ireland schizophrenic population A small community in Ireland, Balllybran, had a major social and cultural disintegration which led to a decline to many people in the town’s populations to develop towards schizophrenia....