Study Guide for Chapters 4 - 6 Patterns of World History PDF

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Study guide chapters 4, 5 and 6 with answers...

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Study Guide for Chapters 4 - 6 World Civilization I. Patterns of World History Second Edition Chapter 4 1. Page 93 what were the influences that made the development of Chinese civilization different that India’s? Climate is more varied, Developed near yellow river, political and cultural experience marked by relatively little outside influence and thousands of years of centralized rule. 2. What were the chief effects on China of its borders of deserts and mountains? Pg 94 They served as natural borders/barriers. 3. Are all of China’s regions suitable for rice cultivation? In whole china, to catch cattle and water buffalo. 4. Why was the Yellow River important for China’s development? Why is it also called China’s Sorrow? The Yellow River also has the name "China's Sorrow" because of the terrible floods that have occurred throughout history when its banks overflowed. Usually a source of rich fertile soil and irrigation water, the Yellow River has transformed itself more than 1,500 times in recorded history into a raging torrent that has swept away entire villages. 5. What is the importance of the village of Banpo? Most studied neolithic sites. painted pottery, defensive ditch rather than walls, pot shards bearing stylized pictures of animals and geomtric markings that some chinese scholars have speculated may be ancestral forms of the chinese written language. Painted pottery culture, round thingys. 6. What food sources were important in China during the Neolithic period? Chickens, pigs, sheep, cattle, and dogs. Rice, water buffalo, 7. The Three sage kings set what example for future rulers? They introduced many of China’s basic elements and institutions. The first culture heroes were medicine, divination, writing, agriculture, fire and silkworm. Yao, Shun and Yu set the example for strong moral leadership. They are credited with passing the role of leadership on to the lands most worthy men instead of to their own family members. 8. What is the Mandate of Heaven? The Chinese philosophical concept of the circumstances under which a ruler is allowed to rule. Ruler must be just and humane, can be replaced if he loses the authority of heaven “ Son of Heaven” Could rise against emeperor. 9. What were the four ranks in Zhou society? Four basic ranks: Zhou nobles, functionaries, lower officials, and commoners. Nobles required to collect taxes and provide military service. Peasants worked their own land and nobles’ land. 10. What is the Well Field system? Pubic in the middle, private ground around it. 9 plots. 11. What was the significance of the round coins with the square hole in the center? Represented the heavens and earth. 12. Pg 111 – 112 Shows the gradual change in the role of women in society? What happens? reveals that elite women of the Shang, participated in politics and military affairs. By the late Zhou period, women no longer had political power on their own. Women essential for silk production and associated with spinning and weaving. Women had their own genealogies. 13. From your book and class notes what were the purpose of oracle bones? Most oracle bones are turtle shells and oxen shoulder blades. People seeking advice have a diviner write questions on the bones. Bones were heated and tapped until cracked, which was the answer.

14. Pg 114 what is the difference between a pictograph and an ideograph? The distinctive difference between a pictogram and an ideogram lies in the words themselves. A pictogram uses a picture of an object and an ideogram uses a symbol made of geometric shapes to represent an idea. 15. Why did the Shang sacrifice to their ancestors? Shang also worshipped royal ancestors, nature gods, and local deities. Shang ruler acted as intermediary between earthly and spiritual world. Most rituals were sacrifices to royal ancestors to ensure their benevolence. 16. From the class notes what was paper armor? this type of armour is made from a multitude of small pieces of iron or steel shaped like the Chinese character for the word "mountain" ( 山). The pieces are interlocked and riveted to a cloth or leather backing. Chapter 5: Origins Apart: The Americas and Oceania 1. What is a Clovis point? Arrow heads used for spears. 2. From page 130 what animals were missing compared to Eurasia and Africa? How did that impact the development of Amerindians? Large animals were missing, so they had to fish and hunt smaller game. Mammoths, dogs domisticated and mastodons. No horses or cattle. 3. From the class notes what are some of the plants that were domesticated? Were large mammals such as horses and cattle important to most Native American tribes? squash, manioc, avocado, chili peppers, quinoa, amaranth, potatoes, yams, tomatoes, and cotton, maize, wild bean and teosinte. 4. What was Caral-Supe? What is a quipu used for? Oldest city in the Americas. (Peru) Record keeping. 5. Where was the Chavin society located? What did they grow? What animal did they raise for labor and meat? People who lived in the Andes (Peru). Corn, potatoes. Llamas, Alpacas 6. Why was the development of corn important to the Native Americans? What plant is corn paired with to give a complete source of protein eliminating the need for animal proteins? It was used to make bread and beer. Beans, squash and corn. 7. Where did the Olmec settle? What food did they grow? From page 138 – 39 Can we read their writing? Mexico. They planted Corn. We can't read their writing. 8. From your class notes some historians/archaeologists believe that the Olmecs had contact with the old world, with whom and why do they thinks so? Africa. The figures do not have the facial features of native americas, they look african. Some of their writing looks similar to script from africa. 9. From your class notes what innovations in textiles did the Chavin make? New techniques and materials through camel hair, textile painting, dying of camel hair, and the resist painting style (like tie-dye) 10. From the class notes what were characteristics of the political structure of the hunter gather societies of North America like the Inuit? hunted mammals and fished. 11. What distinctive features did the people of Adena and Hopewell build for, we think, ceremonial purposes? Mound (or ridge) building. 12. Where was the Mississippian civilization located, what did they build? Mississippi. Very large

mounds, about 100 ft. high. Built huge pyramids and cities made of wood. No written records.

13. What was the primary governmental and economic organization structure for the people of Polynesia? centralized kinship-based chiefdom. 14. In putting it all together on pages 144 – 45 what are the two patterns we see on common between the Americas and Oceania? What is different in the use of the wheel in American societies? Foraging communities. Growth and sophisticationof social structures

and the development 15. From page 146 what were Thor Heyerdahl’s theories on populating Oceania? Do DNA studies confirm his theories? Chapter 6: Chiefdoms and Early States in Africa and the Americas. 1. What was the climate like in the area that is now the Sahara Desert before 5000 BCE? fertile

savannahs and steppes 2. Was the most important element of the Nubian army? Pg152 archers 3. What were the crops that were grown at Meroe? What products did they export? What did they want to purchase? How did their pyramids differ from those in Egypt from pg 155 and class notes? sorghum, wheat, barley, millet. elephant ivory, ostrich featthers, cloth,

weapons, hoes. olive oil, wine, frankcense. pyramids with flat tops and steep angles. 4. What were the three factors that led to Meroe’s decline? deforestation led to decline in iron industry which was major income. nomads raided moroe. Ethiopia acculterated. 5. Askum’s develops what kind of monetary economy? What products did it trade? Why did Askum’s iron industry decline? gold. cattle salt iron. wood is scarce 6. From the class notes where do Ethiopian Christians believe the Ark of the Covenant rests? a

chapel in askum 7. What is Jenne-Jeno? Why was it important? village in the delta of niger river. major

urban center 8. In the West African rain forests why do we say that the rain forests are secondary? After rowing yams for 2 or 3 years how long did the forest have to remain fallow? slash and burn

technique. 10-15 years 9. How did Africans in the South believe that witch’s curses could be counteracted? seek a divine

healer 10. What kinds of structures have archaeologists found at EL Miridor? At its height how many people lived in the city? temple pyramids, stelae, ball courts, swear houses, commoner

corners. 100,000 11. Mayan kings made what kind of sacrifices to their gods? Pg 166 human blood 12. What was the role of women in Mayan society? What were the roles of men? women- kept crops, rearing domestic animals, cooking, weaving, pottery making, making tools, 13. What is a Glyph? From the class notes what happened to the books of the Maya when the Spanish discovered them? script made from images, which symbolize words. they

burned them.

14. What are some of the reasons archaeologists feel the Mayans declined at the end of the classical period. the inability to feed the population, farmers withdrew due to the violence of

the chiefs, exploitation of soil, loss of topsoil, salinization 15. What was the feathered serpent? the god Quetzalquatyl 16. Where was the city of Teotihuacán located? From the class notes what kinds of temples did the build. In the Mexican basin, flat top pyramids 17. From the class notes what was the ball game played by the Toltecs and many other Native Americans. bounce balls off their hips into hoops about 18 feet high. ball was

rubber and weighed about 9 pounds. 18. In the Moche civilization what food did they produce? What was the federated chiefdom of he Moche? Was it a strong centralized government structure? Corn, pulses, cotton, potatoes. City at the feet of the two pyramids with administrative offices and workshops along with lesser chieftain lineages ruling the more remote valleys. Loose federation of chiefdoms. 19. How did the Nazca people get their water for drinking and irrigation? What were puquios? They built Puquios. Extensive tunnel for irrigation- tapped underground water in the mountains and guided it onto the slopes of the valleys and into reservoirs- had manholes and shafts for cleaning and repair. 20. What were the Nazca geoglyphs? Large geometric and animal figures laid out in the dry highlands and on the valley slops of the chiefdoms. Kinda like crop circles...