Study Guide Quiz 2 Communications PDF

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Interpersonal Communication Study Guide Chpts. 4 and 6 Chpt. 4: Experiencing and Expressing Emotion 1.What is the cycle that includes emotions? Perception = Thought = Emotions = Actions = PerceptionThe PTEA Cycle 2. List and define the four ways we respond to emotions. Physiological: Internal bodily changes that occur as a result of strong emotions.  Increase in heart rate Rise in blood pressure Increase in adrenaline secretions Elevated blood sugar Slowing of digestion Churning stomach Because Physiological responses take place within the body, the results may not be seen, butthey may be felt. For example, if your physiological response is an increase in heart rate and/orrise in blood pressure, you may begin to feel tension or stress, and an uncomfortable pressureall over your body but especially in your neck, shoulders and/or forehead. For example, youmay find that your shoulders begin to raise up toward your ears and tighten without you evennoticing.

Nonverbal: Observable physical changes that occur as a result of strong emotions.  Blushing Sweating Distinctive facial expression [example: clenched jaw, frown, twitch in eye] Posture Gestures Different tone of voice Change in rate of speech Trembling in hands These Nonverbal responses are automatic responses that just seem to appear without warningwhen we are having an emotional response. For example, I had a friend who’s left eye wouldbegin to twitch uncontrollably whenever he was having issues with his wife. And when aformer boss of mine got upset a red spot would appear in the middle of his forehead, thenbegin to spread as he became more upset [It was hard to listen to him when I became focusedon that spreading spot.] Cognitive Interpretation: Mental process challenges as a result of strong emotions.  Label self [example: nervous, shy, inadequate] Not able to think clearly Losing track of what you wanted to say Becoming confused These Cognitive responses can leave you feeling confused and lost mentally. You become sostressed by the presence of some issue or person that you lose the ability to focus on what youintended to say. For example: When you are having an argument with someone and all of asudden forget what you wanted to say to them or you forget the comeback you had practicedto say. Or you feel you should not be talked to in a certain way, but do not defend yourselfbecause you feel nervous and you don’t know what or how to say what you want to say.

Verbal: Language challenges as a result of strong emotions  Not able to find the right word Not able to say what you mean Inappropriate words  Hostile expressions Verbalize hostility Saying something “stupid” With the Verbal response, it is not what you are thinking but how you are expressing whatyou’re thinking that is the issue. Your mind may be working faster than your ability to expressyourself so your resort to whatever pops out of your mouth. This is why some people cannotgo a sentence without using some inappropriate word or phrase. They just get to the pointwhere they use these expressions as

short cuts, immediate responses to express their thoughtsand/or emotions. It is reminiscent of a two year old who bites another person because theycan’t express themselves fast enough verbally but still need an immediate way to let the otherperson know that they are upset.

3. List and define all the fallacies. Fallacy: A Fallacy is a debilitative emotion, a perception, that is created in your data base when youaccept an irrational thought. Accepting this irrational thought leads to illogical conclusions thatfurther support the debilitative emotion, perception. 1. Fallacy of Perfection The belief that it is desirable and possible to be perfect. It assumes that people will notappreciate you if you are not perfect. 2. Fallacy of Approval The belief that it is not only desirable but vital that you get the approval of every person youmeet. 3. Fallacy of Shoulds The belief that you know what others should do, should achieve and how they shouldmanage their life. 4. Fallacy of Overgeneralization Occurs when we base a belief about ourselves or others on a limited amount of information.Examples: “Some friend I am. I forgot my best friend’s birthday.” And, “You never listen to me!”Or “You always forget to call me.” 5. Fallacy of Causation The belief that emotions are caused by others. Truth: Only we can decide how we feel. 6. Fallacy of Helplessness The belief that satisfaction in life is determined by forces beyond your control, that we arevictims of our circumstances. Truth: Helplessness is a form of control. 7. Fallacy of Catastrophic Expectations The belief that if something bad can possibly happen, it will. For example: If you decide tohave a party outside, it will rain. If you invite someone you just met to your home for a get togetherwith your friends, they might not fit in 4. List and define the four skills usually possessed by individuals who have a high degree of emotional intelligence. 1. Acute understanding of their own emotions. 2. Ability to see things from others’ perspectives and have a sense of compassion regarding others’ emotional states—empathy 3.Aptitude for constructively managing their own emotions 4. Capacity for harnessing their emotional states in ways that create competent decision making, communication and relationship problem solving 5. List and define the four ways we try to prevent emotions. 1. Supression- involves inhibiting thoughts, arousal and outward behavioral displays of emotion

2. Venting- inverse of suppression, allowing emotions to dominate our thoughts and explosively expressing them 1. Encounter Avoidance- staying away from people, places or activities that you know will provoke emotions you don’t want to experience 2. Encounter Structuring- intentionally avoiding specific topics that you know will provoke unwanted emotion during encounters with others 3. Attention focus- intentionally devoting your attention only to aspects of an event or encounter that you know will not provoke an undesired emotion 4. Deactivation- systematically desensitizing yourself to emotional experience 6.List and define three actions we can take to respond to emotional challenges online. 1. Invest intense effort into perspective-taking and empathic concern 2. Communicate the aspects of empathy directly to your online partners 3. Expect and be tolerant of any aggressive messages you receive, accepting that such behavior is a natural outcome of online environment rather than evidence that other people are mean or rude.

Chpt. 6 Listening Actively 1.List and define the five steps of the listening process. a. Receiving- seeing and hearing constitute this b. Attending- involves devoting attention to the information you’ve received c. Understanding- involves interpreting the meaning of another’s communication by comparing newly received information against our past knowledge d. Responding- communicating their attention and understanding to you e. Recalling- remembering the information after you’ve received attended to understood and responded to it. 2. List and explain three reasons why listening is a gift. It is the first communicative gift we shared by human beings Our lives as interpersonal communicators began at this point When we actively listen words and worlds of others wash over us, providing us with a rich and unanticipated opportunities to move beyond the constraints of our open thoughts and beliefs and to forge interpersonal connections with others 3. List and explain three reasons not to give advice.—nobody wants it 1. Tells the other person that you know how to run their life better than they do.2. Takes away ability to process possible solutions themselves.3. Takes away responsibility: Example: I took your advice = you responsible for the outcome.

Ch 6 Listening: A Bit More InformationListening is a gift you give others and yourself. We are all born with the desire to be heard and understood, and to feel important. Nothing fulfillsthese desires more than having someone consciously and attentively take the time to listen. Thistype of listening is a true gift you can give to others.Listening to others is a gift we give ourselves because it is a means to learning about the otherperson. People begin to open

themselves when they feel they are being heard. We are gifted bytheir trust and openness. Something to consider: People who have a high Emotional Intelligence level tend to be betterlisteners and have a better ability to focus on the person they are conversing with. Listening: A Five Step Process: Some clarification1. Receiving: Be willing to listen To receive what someone is saying, you must make eye contact with the other person.Too often we assume we can do something, some activity thinking that we are able to listen aswell. This is not correct. Research shows that when we multi-task, we can hear but cannotlisten. In order to feel we are being listened to and actually heard, we need to see theexpression on the face of the person listening; we need to see that they are involved. Example: One student chose her son as a subject. She couldn’t understand why henever entered her office to talk. He would talk to her from the doorway. One day, she foundher other children and her subject talking about the subject’s most recent activities. She wasreally impressed and asked her son why he had not told her these things. His response: I did tellyou but you were on the computer. That’s why I don’t go into your office. If feels like you aremore interested in the computer than in me, so I just stay out of the way. 2. Attending: Focus on the person and what is being saidOur ability to Attend is effected by: a. Our perception of the speaker. The more positive our perception of the speakerthe more willing we are to pay attention. b. Our assumptions about what is going to be said.Many times we stop listening to others because we assume we have heard whatthey have to say before. Students have reported that when they stoppedassuming and listen all the way through a conversation, they learned that theyhad made the wrong assumption about what was being said. To improve our ability to Attend ask questions. This lets the speaker know you arelistening and are interested.The challenge to Attending: Data BaseValues/beliefsNoise: internal/externalEnvironment And Time of day [include: too much listening during the day] The usual communication challenges. 3. Understanding: Correctly interpreting what was saidUnderstanding is impacted by how well we attended. The more we attend, the more wewill understand.

4. Responding: Process of conveying Attending and UnderstandingGiving Feedback, both verbal and nonverbal, lets others know we are attending/involvedin the conversation. It also lets the speaker know if you have understood what was said.I do not recommend Paraphrasing. This is a skill. If you are not skilled, paraphrasing canturn into parroting which is very distracting. Another issue with paraphrasing is that if youparaphrase incorrectly, the other person may assume you really weren’t listening andbecome frustrated

It is far better to seek clarification: Ask questions. Let the other person know that youwant to understand.

5. Recalling: Ability to repeat what was said not just repeating the words.Some people believe that if they can repeat the words used during a conversation thatproves that they were listening. Not so. Being able to repeat words does not mean that you“heard” and “understood” what was said. And it can be very annoying to hear our wordsrepeated with no concern for what the words meant....