Theories of Personality Matrix PDF

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Hernandez, Ailyn C. F E R P p x w , g . s u b c d r h i a t m f o v e y l n U I C S N O Theories of Personality BS Psychology 2101 APPROACH THEORIST Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud  May 6, 1856 Born in Freyberg Town, Crech Republic  1881 He graduated from Medical Faculty, University of Vienna  1896 ...

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Hernandez, Ailyn C.

Theories of Personality

BS Psychology 2101

APPROACH

THEORIST

THEORY

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

LEVEL OF MENTAL LIFE

EXAMPLE  An adult remembering what he or she did, thought or felt as a

 May 6, 1856 Born in Freyberg Town, Crech Republic

 1881 He graduated from Medical Faculty, University of Vienna 

1896

He was officially recognized 

September 23, 1939

He passed away in Hamstead House

child.

UPC RON ECN COS OCN NIOS SC U CIOS I OU US S STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

 Saying “You look portly today”, to an overweight friend instead of “You look pretty today”.  An accident victim nearly dies but remembers none of the details of the accident.

 During lunch at a restaurant, Jeffrey is angry at his older brother but does not express it and instead is verbally abusive to a server.

 Mae fails in a test

because she did not

TWO BASIC GROUPS OF IMPULSIVE DRIVES

study hard enough blames her failure on

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EROS

TH A N ATO S

the teacher for using tricky questions.

 Jerome refuses to admit that he has an alcohol problems although he is unable to go a single day without drinking

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES STAGES

AGES

EROTIC FOCUS

Oral

0-1

Mouth (sucking, biting)

Anal Phallic

2-3 4-5

Anus (expelling or retaining) Genitals (masturbating)

Latency

6-12

None (sexually repressed)

Genital

Puberty onwards

Genitals (being sexually intimate)

excessively. KEY TASKS AND EXPERIENCES Weaning from breast or bottle Toilet training Identifying with adult role models; coping with Oedipal crisis Expanding social contacts Expanding intimate relationship; contributing to society through working

 After Mia’s parents divorce, she refuse to sleep alone in her room and crawling into bed with her mother.

 Nadine is angry with her coworker Beth for always arriving late to work after a night to partying, but she is nice and agreeable to Beth and affirms that it was

THREE KINDS OF ANXIETY

cool.

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 A person in an extremely bad mood accuses family members of being hard to get along with.  If a person is being humiliated or laughed at, he may shut himself in a room and may not need anyone.

 Weaning a child too early or until too late.  Being too strict in toilet training the child.  Punishing the child for EAXYTRNIL

masturbation. EXITNUOCYAR

 Smoothening the child with too much attention.

DEFENSE MECHANISM

 My bestfriend likes to think things through and consider all the pros

LEVELS OF THE PSYCHE

and cons before she makes a decision about

anything. 

Karen relies on her feelings to tell her how to make a decision. If something feels good, she goes for it; if it

Carl Jung

doesn't, she avoids it. 

The Neopsychoanalytic Approach



He recognized as

to arrange my living

greatest and

room, I try to make

most

things very symmetrical.

psychological thinkers of the

If there's a chair on one

LOANVSRTCIEPU

side of the room, I have

twentieth century. 

When I’m deciding how

one of the

His personality is introvert.

to put the same chair on the other side of the

foed,husrpltSAmibngavcyx

room to balance it. This

 He develops an

symmetry makes the room look nice.

independent school of thought that contrasts markedly with orthodox psychoanalysis.

ARCHETYPES PERSONA SHADOW

Mask; universal manifestation of our attempt to deal appropriately with other people Darkness, repression; qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but

 Janna is talkative and friendly, she enjoys her life by partying all night together with her friends.  Almira is a negative thinker, she’s always on her room alone, she

ANIMA ANIMUS GREAT MOTHER WISE OLD MAN HERO SELF

attempt to hide from ourselves and others Feminine archetype in men Masculine archetype of women Ultimate good and bad mother Humans’ preexisting knowledge of the mysteries of life Conqueror of enemies and evil forces Innate blueprint that is capable of being realized

TWO BASIC ATTITUDES EI NX T R A V E R S I O

I

didn’t communicate, she is not friendly and she is self-centered.

 Samantha and Lauren are extremely insecure about their height , so that it may invest all their energy in working out to compensate for their inferiority.

 If I have a very successful and talented

parents that are famous musicians and also I’m personally bad at sports and generally in school, I may develop an inferiority complex that makes me become ashamed, making me shy and withdrawn in a real world.  James is quiet and shy, he worry because he

Alfred Adler

may grow up to be a sissy.



He choose the term Individual

Interpsychic Theories

 Sandra is assertive,

Psychology

they call her “tomboy”

because he was

and hope she’s grow

interested in

out of it.

investigating the uniqueness of the



 Sabrina is the youngest

person.

daughter, her parents

He suffered from

gave everything to her

rickets, a

whatever she wants.

deficiency disease of a

FOUR PRIMARY TYPES OF STYLES

 Erika always feel

childhood that

neglected and not

affects the bones.

protected at all and forced to face struggle

RGAS VOUE O LTC ITI NDA I NGIL N LG GT Y YT UT PY YS EP P E EF U L T Y P E FAMILY ATMOSPHERE

NEUROTIC PATTERNS

IS N U F P E E R R I O I O R R I T I T Y Y C C O O M M P P E L X E X FAMILY CONSTELLATION

alone.

 Regine recalls her most embarrassing moment in her life.  A child that are competing with other ideas.

 Arriane denied that she’s the one who stole

SU LI VA N 'S TH EO RY

A N X IE T Y

a coins on her mother’s

S E C U R IT Y O P A N

wallet.

 Reading a horoscope and believing that it is true.

 In our culture, once we saw a church we are always take sign of the cross.

SECURITY OPERATION

Harry Stack Sullivan 

He’s theory known as interpersonal psychiatry.



He provides us insights into how

Interpsychic Theories

we interact to

SA UES LEB I FLIC MT I VA TE I O N N U N A T T E N T I O N DYNAMISMS

others.

P A R A T A X I C

D Y N A M IS O F E R

LEVELS OF COGNITION

P R O T O T A X I C

S Y N T A X I C

D Y N A M IS O F L U T

T h e N o t M e

P R S O N F C T O N

T h e G o o d M e

E

T I h A Ie B a d M e I

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE

AGE

SIGNIFICANT OTHER

INTERPERSONAL PROCESS

LEARNINGS

Infancy Childhood

0-2 2-6

Mother Parents

Tenderness Imaginary Playmates

Juvenile Era

6-8

Playmates

Living with Peers

Preadolesc ence Early Adolescenc e Late Adolescenc e

8-13

Single Chum Several Chums

Intimacy

Good/Bad Syntaxic Language Competion, CompromiseC ooperation Affection and Respect Balance, Security Operations Discovery of Self and World

13-15

15

Lover

Intimacy and Lust

Fusion of Intimacy and Lust

 Abby needs everyone to like her. She sacrifices all her own needs to make everyone else happy. However, at the end of the day, she still feels exhausted and

unappreciated.  Lisa is terrified Jon will y

r o h lfT e S

eventually leave her. She constantly checks y v n

E b m o W

his phone to see if he is cheating on her. If he left her, she would be devastated. After

tr S g in p o C

all, she is nothing without him. .  The thief who commits T

such acts for the sake of taking advantage of others.  The politician who wish to be seen on the basis of his or her own

ti ro u e N 0 1

exaggerated sense of importance not of what has actually been i s ro u e N

accomplished.

Karen Horney

 The student who spends so much time



She stressed

for studying as a means

social forces that

of gaining recognition

operate within the

that it begins to affect

family.

his or her health. 

Jeff wants to get ahead in the company. He knows that his coworker, Jim, is best friends with the boss.

Psychoanalytic Social Psychology

So, he starts asking Jim to join him for golfing outings. Like most of his relationships, Jeff feels lukewarm about Jim, but he knows Jim can further his career.

 “I rule over you because I know what is best for you, and in your own interest you should follow me without opposition.”

 In a jeepney, when we

ESCAPE MECHANISMS

are talking about traffic

in SM, the girl on my side is relating to the topic, so that people can relate from one to another through A

U

T

H

O

R

I T

A

R

I A

N

I S

M

situations.

 When my bestfriend is in our house, she feels at home because she feels that she is my family as well, she is so D

A

Erich Fromm

E

U

S

T

T

O

R

U

M

C

A

T

T

O

I V

N

E

N

C

E

O

S

N

comfortable to be with.

S

F

O

R

M

I T

Y



He pointed beyond the family toward social factors within society at large.



He referred to himself as an atheistic mystic.

Psychoanalytic Social Psychology

CHARACTER ORIENTATIONS

R E P H M E X O A R C P A R O E L R K D P O D E U I T C N I T V G N I E G V E

r AH e Uph ra TeM v s He Ae Otn h t e t ir r u s e o v u i r ct u e e i n i n c t o h n e s s c e i e n n s c e e o f t R h t h a I e Tt i A us n R r fo o I o l d t e i n d g o o u f t s a i d p e e rt hs oe n i n' s d p i v o i dw u e a r l N S T I

AC N EE TT HH I I CC S S

OB P H OL U S CH A R CA T E

I I

NE O P LH O U CS H A RA C T

I

HAVING BEING SIX DEVELOPMENTAL LINES

 Gabriel always playing, he

didn’t

prioritize

everything because he is a child.  A child is often sucked his or her finger.

Anna Freud  She is the youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud and the only member of his

 Rather than put on a

family that

child's clothes a

follows his

supportive parent should have the

profession.

patience to allow the child to try until they

Ego Analytic Psychology

succeed or ask for assistance. 

If the care has been harsh or inconsistent, unpredictable and unreliable, then the

infant will develop a sense of mistrust and will not have confidence in the world around them or in their abilities to influence events.



If a child behaves in a manner that a parent sees as wrong or even dangerous, like running into a busy street with cars driving by, the parent might scold or spank the child

 If a child cleans her room, she may receive a candy bar or a toy as a reward. 

If a child is fighting with her brother, a parent may take away her favorite toy or suspend her TV privileges.

Erik Erickson

 If you want your dog to sit on command, you

may give him a treat

 He’s a product

every time he sits for

SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT

you.

of an extra-

 Spanking a child if you

marital relationship.

Experimental Analysis

SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT Fixed-ratio schedule

RESPONSE RATE

Variable-ratio schedule Fixed-interval schedule

Higher response rate Lowest response rate

Variable-interval schedule

Moderate

Very high

PATTERNOF RESPONSES Steady response with low ratio. Brief pause after each reinforcement with very high ratio. Constant response pattern, no pauses. Long pause after reinforcement, followed by the gradual acceleration. Stable, uniform response.

RESISTANCE TO

have to ask him three times to clean his room.

The higher the ratio, the more resistance to extinction.

More resistance to extinction. The longer the interval, the more resistance to extinction. More resistance to extinction than fixed-interval schedule with same average interval.

B.F Skinner 

He suggested that childhood reinforcement shaped his own adult behavior.



He was also interested in animal behavior.

Experimental Analysis of Behavior

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SKINNER BOX

THE RECIPROCAL CONCEPT

Per son al

B e h a v io r a l D e t e r m in a n ts

E n v ir o n m e n t al D e te r m in a n t s

HENTIUAMLAONGEYCY REFOTUHG SEFL-RIVTACN SEFL-RIVNTC

 When a person is deciding, that person has his options. With each options he has to anticipate outcomes in order for that person decides depending on what might comes after.

 Drinking on a beer house gives a person

LEARNING THROUGH OBSERVATION

pleasure and it will give that person the

MODENILG TA

motivation to drink yet he will regulate his actions in order for him to get away from selfcensured stuff.

indvualsoberpcft MODENILG indvualsoberjcthpyTA

 In deciding, when a person chooses one of

PROCESS IN OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

his options and everything went wrong,

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that person will reflect

R E T N IO P R C E S A T E N I O A L P R O C E S

and will make changes for the better.

M O T R P O D U C T IO N P R C E S

M O T IV A O N L P R O C E S

 My sister draw an object by just copying a subject.

 I paint an object by using using the subject only as a pattern.

 Sarah won in a competition and she is

REINFORCEMENT IN OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

rewarded with a medal.  Playing a difficult piece of music well leads to feeling of accomplishment  A child who sees a sibling being spanked for a misdemeanour

Albert Bandura

quickly learns not to do the same thing.

 He believes that human behavior is due to the interplay of behavioural cognitive and environmental factors.

THREE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCING MODELING

 One runner might be satisfied by completing a mile in five minutes; another would want to finish it less in time.

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A S S O C IA T E D W IT H A B E H A V IO R

MORAL DISENGAGEMENT AND SELF-EFFICACY

 He gets angry when you try to tickle him,” “she has some very unusual sexual preferences,” and “you can’t take him to restaurants.  But now you smoke

because you can’t quit!  I will take an accounting in high school to help get my college degree in business.  When a rat that has been trained to run a maze for food is given more than enough food, it may still run the maze, but obviously for some purpose other than the food.

TWO TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY

SEVEN PROPRIATE FUNCTIONS

Self-as-rationalcoper

Propriate striving

Self-image

7 PROPRIATE FUNCTIONS

Self-extension

Gordon Allport  Dispositional

Bodily self

Self-esteem

Self-identity

theorist who

PERSONAL DISPOSITION

emphasized the complexity of the personality and the need for an interdisciplinar y approach to its study.  He is a plain protestant piety and hard work.

Traits and Personology

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I I I I T

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SIX CRITERIA OF MATURITY Extension of the sense of self Mature adults genuinely participate in important realms of human achievement. Warm relating of self to others Mature adults are able to relate intimately to other persons in appropriate situations. Emotional security (selfMature people are able to accept acceptance) themselves and their emotional states. Realistic perceptions, skills Mature adults do not need to and assignments create a fantasy world but live in the real world. Self-objectification Mature people know what they can do what they cannot do and what they ought to do. Unifying unit of life Maturity entails a clear understanding of life goals and purposes.

 My friend has a problem

LIST OF NEEDS

and she need somebody to l...