Topic 4. Lecture EL Filibusterismo PDF

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EL FILIBUSTERISMOI. The novel and its HistoryEL FILIBUSTERISMO It is the second novel written by José Rizal as the sequel to Noli Me Tangere. Like Noli Me Tangere, it was written in Spanish. “The reign of Greed” in English It consist of 38 chapters cdn.slidesharecdn/ss_thumbnails/elfilibusterismo-14...

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EL FILIBUSTERISMO I.

The novel and its History

EL FILIBUSTERISMO • It is the second novel written by José Rizal as the sequel to Noli Me

Tangere.

• Like Noli Me Tangere, it was written in

Spanish.

• “The reign of Greed” in English • It consist of 38 chapters

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Rizal dedicated El Filibusterismo to the three martyred priests of Cavite mutiny. The execution of the three priests was significant to the title of the novel.

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The title Rizal had to define the word filibustero to his German friend Ferdinand Blumentritt, who did not understand his use of the word in Noli MeTangere. In a letter, Rizal explained: "The word filibustero is little known in the Philippines. The masses do not know it yet. I heard it for the first time in 1872 when the tragic executions took place.” “I still remember the panic that this word created. Our father forbade us to utter it, as well as the words Cavite, Burgos, etc. The Manila newspapers and the Spaniards apply this word to one whom they want to make are volutionary suspect. “The Filipinos belonging to the educated class fear the reach of the word. It does not have the meaning of freebooters; it rather means a dangerous patriot who will soon be hanged or well, a presumptuous man. Jose Alejandro, one of the new Filipinos who had been quite intimate with Rizal, said, "in writing the Noli Rizal signed his own death warrant." Subsequent events, after the fate of the Noli was sealed by the Spanish authorities, prompted Rizal to write the continuation of his first novel. He confessed, however, that regretted very much having killed Elias instead of Ibarra, reasoning that when he published the Noli his health was very much broken, and was very unsure of being able to write the continuation and speak of a revolution.

Explaining to Marcelo H. del Pilar his inability to contribute articles to the La Solidaridad, Rizal said that he was haunted by certain sad presentiments, and that he had been dreaming almost every night of dead relatives and friends a few days before his 29th birthday, that is why he wanted to finish the second part of the Noli at all costs. Consequently, as expected of a determined character, Rizal apparently went in writing, for to his friend, Blumentritt, he wrote on March 29, 1891: "I have finished my book. Ah! I’ve not written it with any idea of vengeance against my enemies, but only for the good of those who suffer and for the rights of Tagalog humanity, although brown and not good-looking." To a Filipino friend in Hong Kong, Jose Basa, Rizal likewise eagerly announced the completion of his second novel. Having moved to Ghent to have the book published at cheaper cost, Rizal once more wrote his friend, Basa, in Hongkong on July 9, 1891: "I am not sailing at once, because I am now printing the second part of the Noli here, as you may see from the enclosed pages. I prefer to publish it in some other way before leaving Europe, for it seemed to me a pity not to do so. For the past three months I have not received a single centavo, so I have pawned all that I have in order to publish this book. I will continue publishing it as long as I can; and when there is nothing to pawn I will stop and return to be at your side." Inevitably, Rizal’s next letter to Basa contained the tragic news of the suspension of the printing of the sequel to his first novel due to lack of funds, forcing him to stop and leave the book half-way. "It is a pity," he wrote Basa, "because it seems to me that this second part is more important than the first, and if I do not finish it here, it will never be finished." Fortunately, Rizal was not to remain in despair for long. A compatriot, Valentin Ventura, learned of Rizal’s predicament. He offered him financial assistance. Even then Rizal’s was forced to shorten the novel quite drastically, leaving only thirty-eight chapters compared to the sixty-four chapters of the first novel. Rizal moved to Ghent, and writes Jose Alejandro. The sequel to Rizal’s Noli came off the press by the middle of September, 1891.On the 18th he sent Basa two copies, and Valentin Ventura the original manuscript and an autographed printed copy. Inspired by what the word filibustero connoted in relation to the circumstances obtaining in his time, and his spirits dampened by the tragic execution of the three martyred priests, Rizal aptly titled the second part of the Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo. In veneration of the three priests, he dedicated the book to them. "To the memory of the priests, Don Mariano Gomez (85 years old), Don Jose Burgos (30 years old), and Don Jacinto Zamora (35 years old). Executed in the Bagumbayan Field on the 28th of February, 1872." "The church, by refusing to degrade you, has placed in doubt the crime that has been imputed to you; the Government, by surrounding your trials with mystery and shadows causes the belief that there was some error, committed in fatal moments; and all the Philippines, by worshipping your memory and calling you martyrs, in no sense recognizes your culpability.

In so far, therefore, as your complicity in the Cavite Mutiny is not clearly proved, as you may or may not have been patriots, and as you may or may not cherished sentiments for justice and for liberty, I have the right to dedicate my work to you as victims of the evil which I undertake to combat. And while we await expectantly upon Spain someday to restore your good name and cease to be answerable for your death, let these pages serve as a tardy wreath of dried leaves over one who without clear proofs attacks your memory stains his hands in your blood." Rizal’s memory seemed to have failed him, though, for Father Gomez was then 73 not 85, Father Burgos 35 not 30 Father Zamora 37 not 35; and the date of execution 17th not 28th. The FOREWORD of the Fili was addressed to his beloved countrymen, thus: "TO THE FILIPINO PEOPLE AND THEIR GOVERNMENT“

HISTORY OF THE NOVEL      

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II.

Rizal took 3 years to write his second novel. Rizal began writing El Filibusterismo in October 1887 while he was in Calamba In London (1888), he revised the plot and some chapters. Rizal continued to work on his manuscript in Paris. He later moved to Brussels where the cost of living was cheaper and he would be less likely to be distracted by social events so he could focus on finishing the book. He finally completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz. September 18, 1891- the novel was published in Ghent, partially funded by Rizal’s friend Valentin Ventura. Rizal immediately sent on this date two printed copies to Hong- Kong, one for Basa and other for Sixto Lopez. Rizal gratefully donated the original manuscript and an autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura. Rizal sent complimentary copies to Blumentritt, Mariano Ponce, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Juan Luna and other friends. The El Nuevo Regimen-liberal Madrid newspaper serialized the novel in its issues of October 1891. Original manuscript of El filibusterismo in Rizal’s own handwriting is now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public libraries in Manila. Acquired by Philippine government from Valentin Ventura for 10,000 pesos Consists of 279 pages of long sheets paper

Objectives of Dr. Jose Rizal

1. To defend Filipino people from foreign accusations of foolishness and lack of knowledge. 2. To show how the Filipino people live during Spanish colonial period and the cries and woes of his countrymen against abusive officials. 3. To discuss what religion and belief can really do to everyday lives. 4. To expose the cruelties, graft and corruption of the false government and honestly show the wrong doings of Filipinos that led to further failure. III.

Synopsis of El Filibusterismo The book narrates the return of the protagonist of Noli Me Tangere, Crisostomo Ibarra, under the disguise of a wealthy jeweler named Simoun. Disillusioned by the abuses of the Spanish, Ibarra abandons his pacifist beliefs in order to return to the Philippines and start a violent revolution.

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Noli Me Tangere’s Basilio, now a young man and a skilled medical student, is recruited by Ibarra to aid him in detoning a bomb at a social gathering, signaling the beginning of the revolution. However, Basilio warns his friend Isagani. Realizing that the woman he loves is in the building, Isagani throws the bomb into the river, averting the explosion and the revolution. Implicated in these matters, Simoun commits suicide by taking poison and finds resting place at the home of a priest, Father Florentino, who hears his last confession and assures him that not all hope is lost. The priest (Father Florentino), upon Simoun’s death, commends the jewels into the sea, remarking that the jewels once used to bribe and corrupt people, would one day be hopefully found to be used for a meaningful purpose. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jKe6XkUnj74/hqdefault.jpg

IV.

Characters SIMOUN - Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise, left for dead at the end of Noli me tangere. Ibarra has resurfaced as the wealthy jeweler, Simoun, sporting a beard, blue-tinted glasses, and a revolver. Fueled by his mistreatment at the hands of the Spaniards and his fury at Maria Clara's fate, Simoun secretly plans a revolution to seek revenge against those who wronged him.. https://64.media.tumblr.com/55385abf634e05dbe830f3748c395bb9/tumblr_inline_pk1c199bKf1t0jyvw_500.jpg

MARIA CLARA - She is the girlfriend of Ibarra. She is the daughter of Kapitan Tiago and Dona Pia Alba, but biologically, her father is Padre Damaso

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BASILIO - Son of Sisa and another character from Noli Me Tangere. After his mother's death, he became a vagabond until Captain Tiago took him in out of pity and hired him as

a houseboy in exchange for sending him to school. In the events of the book, he is a graduating medical student who discovered Simoun's true identity and befriended him. His girlfriend is Juli. https://4.bp.blogspot.com/BNLxJTg12Bo/WLMboQcUsAI/AAAAAAAAAj0/1kY-K2ocgGYCTex_2JhtBTM5NjrAcbJiQCLcB/s1600/BASILIO.png

JULI – Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. To claim her father from the bandits, she had to work as a maid under the supervision of Hermana Penchang. Eventually, she was freed but committed suicide after Father Camorra attempted rape her.

to

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ISAGANI - Basilio's friend and one of the students who planned to set up a new school. He is very idealistic and hopes for a better future for the Philippines. His girlfriend was the rich and beautiful Paulita Gomez, but they broke up once he was arrested. Despite this, his love for her still endured. He sabotaged Simoun's plans by removing the lamp that contained explosives and threw it in the waters. JUANITO PELAEZ – The son of Don Timoteo Pelaez, a Spanish businessman, he is also one of the members of Macaraig’s gang who wish to have the Academia de Castellano built. He is considered by Isagani as his rival to Paulita Gomez, the woman whom he fell in love wed in the end. Placido Peninte considers him as a “good for nothing” classmate. PAULITA GOMEZ - The girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Dona Victorina, the old Indio who passes herself off as a Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor Tiburcio de Espadana. In th end, she and Juanito Pelaez are wed, and she dumps Isagani, believing that she will have no future if she marries him. MACARAIG – One of Isagani’s classmates at the University of Santo Tomas. He is a rich student and serves as the leader of the students yearning to build the Academia de Castellano. FATHER CAMORRA - The lustful parish priest of Tiani, San Diego's adjacent town who has longtime desires for young women. He nearly raped Juli causing the latter to commit suicide. BEN ZAYB - The pseudonym of Abraham Ibañez, a journalist who believes he is the "only" one thinking in the Philippines. Ben-Zayb is an anagram of Ybanez, an alternate spelling of his name. DON CUSTODIO - Custodio de Salazar y Sánchez de Monteredondo, a famous "journalist" who was asked by the students about his decision for the Academia de Castellano. In reality, he is quite an ordinary fellow who married a rich woman in order to be a member of Manila's high society.

PLACIDO PENITENTE - A student of the University of Santo Tomas who was very intelligent and wise but did not want, if not only by his mother's plea, to pursue his studies. He also controls his temper against Padre Millon, his physics teacher. During his High School days, he was an honor student hailing from Batangas. Kabesang Tales - Cabeza Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former cabeza de barangay (barangay head) of Sagpang, a barangay in San Diego's neighboring town Tiani, who resurfaced as the feared Luzón bandit Matanglawin. He is the son of Tandang Selo, and father of Juli and Tano. Gobernador General - The highest-ranking official in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, this unnamed character pretends that what he is doing is for the good of the Indios, the local citizens of the country, but in reality, he prioritizes the needs of his fellow Spaniards living in the country. Father Florentino - Isagani's godfather, and a secular priest; was engaged to be married, but chose to be a priest after being pressured by his mother, the story hinting at the ambivalence of his decision as he chooses an assignment to a remote place, living in solitude near the sea. He took in Don Tiburcio de Espandaña when he was hiding from his wife, Donya Victorina. Quiroga - A Chinese businessman who dreamed of being a consul for his country in the Philippines. He hid Simoun's weapons inside his house. Father Fernández - The priest-friend of Isagani. He promised to Isagani that he and the other priests will give in to the students' demands. Pecson - classmate who had no idea on the happenings occurring around him. He suggested that they held the mock celebration at the panciteria. Doña Victorina - Victorina delos Reyes de Espadaña, known in Noli Me Tangere as Tiburcio de Espadaña's cruel wife. She is the aunt of Paulita Gomez, and favors Juanito Pelaez over Isagani. She is searching for her husband, who has left her and is in hiding. Although of Indio heritage, she considers herself as one of the Peninsular. Sandoval - The vice-leader of Macaraig's gang. A Spanish classmate of Isagani, he coerces his classmates to lead alongside him the opening of the Spanish language academy Father Bernardo Salvi- Former parish priest of San Diego in Noli Me Tangere, now the director and chaplain of the Santa Clara convent. Pepay - Don Custodio's supposed "girlfriend". A dancer, she is always agitated of her "boyfriend"'s plans. She seems to be a close friend of Macaraig. Father Hernando de la Sibyla - A Dominican friar introduced in Noli Me Tangere, now the vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas. Father Írene - Captain Tiago's spiritual adviser. Although reluctant, he helped the students to establish the Academia de Castellano after being convinced by giving him a chestnut. The only witness to Captain Tiago's death, he forged the last will and testament of the latter so Basilio will obtain nothing from the inheritance.

Tiburcio de Espadaña - Don Tiburcio is Victorina de Espadaña's lame husband. He is currently in hiding at Father Florentino's. Hermana Penchang - Sagpang's rich pusakal (gambler). She offers Juli to be her maid so the latter can obtain money to free Kabesang Tales. Disbelieving of Juli and her close friends, she considers herself as an ally of the friars. Don Timoteo Pelaez - Juanito's father. He is a rich businessmen and arranges a wedding for his son and Paulita. He and Simoun became business partners. Tandang Selo - Father of Kabesang Tales and grandfather of Tano and Juli. He raised the sick and young Basilio after he left their house in Noli me tangere. He died in an encounter on the mountains with his son Tales, when he was killed by a battalion that included his own grandson, Tano. Hermana Báli - Another gambler in Tiani. She became Juli's mother-figure and counselor; helped to release Kabesang Tales from the hands of bandits. Father Millon - The Physics teacher of the University of Santo Tomas. He always becomes vindictive with Placido and always taunts him during class. Tadeo - Macaraig's classmate. He, along with the other three members of their gang, supposedly posted the posters that "thanked" Don Custodio and Father Irene for the opening of the Academia de Castellano. Leeds - An American who holds stage plays starring severed heads; he is good friends with Simoun. Tano - Kabesang Tales's elder son after his older sister, Lucia died in childhood. He took up the pseudonym "Carolina" after returning from exile in the Caroline Islands, and became a civil guard. He was among the battalion killed his grandfather, Selo, who was part of a group of an attacking rebels.

V.

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo compared...