TORI TRIANA TOEFL UTS PDF

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Name : Tori Triana Class/NIM : B3 /1388203049 Reading Comprehension Study : TOEFL (UTS) Toefl Post – Test page 323 Questions 1 – 10 Aspirin’s go back at least as early as 1758. In that year, Englishman Edward Stone noticed a distinctive bitter flavor in the bark of the willow tree. To Stone, this pa...

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Name

: Tori Triana

Class/NIM

: B3 /1388203049

Study

: TOEFL (UTS)

Reading Comprehension Toefl Post – Test page 323

Questions 1 – 10 Aspirin’s go back at least as early as 1758. In that year, Englishman Edward Stone noticed a distinctive bitter flavor in the bark of the willow tree. To Stone, this particular bark seemed to have much common with “Peruvian Bark,” which had been used medicinally since the 1640s to bring down fevers and to treat malaria. Stone decided to test the effectiveness of the willow bark. He obtained some, pulverized it into tiny pieces, and conducted experiments on its properties. His tests demonstrated that this pulverized willow bark was effective both in reducing high temperatures and in relieving aches and pains. In 1763, Stone presented his findings to the British Royal Society. Several decades later, further studies on the medicinal value of the willow bark were being conducted by two Italian scientists. These chemists, Brugnatelli and Fontana, determined that the active chemical that was responsible for the medicinal characteristics in the willow bark was the chemical salicin, which is the active ingredient of today’s aspirin. The name “aspirin” is the trade name of the drug based on the chemical salicin, properly known as acetylsalicylic acid. The trade name “aspirin” was invented for the drug in the 1890s by the Bayer Drug Company in Germany. The first bottles of aspirin actually went on sale to the public just prior to the turn of the century, in 1899. 1. According to the passage, aspirin originated A. no later than 1758 B. sometime after 1758 C. definitely sometime in 1758 D. no earlier than 1758 Jawaban: Soal untuk nomor 1 ini berbentuk pernyataan bahwa berdasarkan wacana di atas bahwa aspirin kembali setidaknya pada awal 1758. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (D). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 3: Answer Stated Detail Questions Correctly. 2. It can be inferred from the passage that Peruvian Bark A. caused fevers B. was ineffective in treating malaria C. was described to the British Royal Society by Stone D. was in use prior to aspirin Jawaban: Wacana di atas menggunaan kalimat “Englishman, Edward Stone noticed a distinctive bitter flavor in the bark of the willow tree”. Kata Englishman disini dapat disimpulkan sebagai British Royal Society by Edward Stone. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 6: Answer Implied Detail Questions Correctly. 3. The pronoun “it” in line 5 refers to A. Malaria B. willow bark C. effectiveness D. the British Royal Society

Jawaban: kata “it” di barisan ke-5 yang menunjukan kepada noun di kalimat sebelumnya yaitu “willow bark”. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 5: Find Pronoun Referents. 4. The word “properties” in line 6 could best be replaced by A. Ownership B. Body C. Characteristics D. materials Jawaban: kata “properties” pada barisan ke-6 dapat diganti dengan “body”. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 11: Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words. 5. What did the willow bark look like after Stone prepared it for his experiments? A. It was in large chunks. B. It was a thick liquid. C. It was a rough powder. D. It was in strips of bark. Jawaban: Dalam baris ke-5 dijelaskan bahwa “willow bark” di buat hancur lebur menjadi bagian yang sangat kecil. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C) karena “willow bark” dihancurkah/ditumbuk menjadi “rough powder” (bubuk kasar). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 2: Recognize the Organization of Ideas. 6. The Italian chemists mentioned in the passage most probably conducted their studies on willow bark A. in the 1750s B. in the 1760s C. in the 1770s D. in the 1780s Jawaban: dalam paragraph kedua terdapat kata “several decade later” yang mengartikan bahwa “italian chemist” telah melakukan penelitian mereka beberapa dekade setelah Stone melakukannya pada tahun 1763. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 6: Answer Implied Detail Questions Correctly. 7. What is true about Brugnatelli and Fontana? A. They were from Italy. B. They added a chemical to the willow bark. C. They conducted studies on the willow bark. D. They were medical doctors. Jawaban: berdasarkan wacana di atas di baris ke-9 terdapat kalimat “two Italian scientists” yang mengacu kepada “Brugnatelli and Fontana” di kalimat selanjutnya. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (A). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 5: Find Pronoun Referents. 8. The expression “prior to” in line 14 could best be replaced by A. At

B. Before C. During D. after Jawaban: penggunaan kata “prior to” pada baris ke-14 di dalam wacana ini dapat diganti dengan “before” (sebelum). Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 11: Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words. 9. The word “turn” in line 15 could best be replaced by A. Spin B. Corner C. Change D. reversal Jawaban: penggunaan kata “turn” di baris ke-15 ini mempunyai arti “pergantian” yang dapat diubah menjadi “change” karena memiliki arti yang sama. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 11: Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words. 10. Where in the passage does the author name the scientific compound that makes up aspirin? A. Lines 2-4 B. Line 7 C. Lines 8-9 D. Lines 14-15 Jawaban: penggunaan nama ilmiah “aspirin” menurut informasi yang terdapat di dalam wacana ini dijelaskan pada barisan ke 14 dan 15. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (D). Strategi yang di gunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 12: Determine Where the Specific Information is Found. Questions 11 – 20 Herman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from his Massachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841 Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wondered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years away from home, Melville joined up with a U.S naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White – Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman. With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville’s popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville’s literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville’s popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.

11. The main subject of the passage is A. B. C. D.

Melville’s travels The popularity of Melville’s novels Melville’s personal background Moby Dick

Jawaban: Pokokbagianutamadalamwacanaituadalahmengenaikepopuleran novel Melville di abad 19-an. Jawaban yang paling benaradalah B yaitu the popularity of Melville’s novels. Strategi yang digunakan di dalamLongman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test adalah SKILL 1: Answer main idea questions correctly. 12. According to the passage, Melville’s early novels were A. B. C. D.

Published while he was traveling Completely fictional All about his work on whaling ships Based on his travels

Jawaban: Berdasarkanwacanatersebut, novel Melville dibuatberdasarkanperjalanan Melville. Jawaban yang paling benaradalah D yaitu based on his travels. Strategi yang digunakan di dalamLongman Complete Course for the TOEFL adalahSKILL 3: Answer stated detail questions correctly. 13. In what year did Melville’s book about his experiences as a cabin boy appear? A. B. C. D.

1837 1841 1847 1849

Jawaban: Berdasarkan wacana di atas, buku Melville tentang pengalamannya sebagai awak kabin terbit tahun 1849 di novel Redburn. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah D yaitu 1849. Strategi yang digunakan di dalamLongman Complete Course for the TOEFL adalahSKILL 3: Answer stated detail questions correctly. 14. The word “basis” in line 5 is closest in meaning to A. B. C. D.

Foundation Message Bottom Theme

Jawaban: Kata “basis” sesuai dengan konteks apabila disandingkan dengan kata “novel” maka arti yang mendekati / sesuai dengan “basis” adalah theme. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah D yaitu theme. Strategi yang digunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL adalah SKILL 10: Use context to determine meanings of difficult words. 15. The passage implies that Melville stayed in Tahiti because A. B. C. D.

He had unofficially left his ship He was on leave while his ship was in port He has finished his term of duty He has received permission to take a vocation in Tahiti

Jawaban: Berdasarkan wacana di atas menyatakan bahwa Melville menetap di Tahiti karena Melville tidak resmi meninggalkan kapalnya. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah A yaitu he had unofficially left his ship. Strategi yang digunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL adalah SKILL 6: Answer implied detail questions correctly. 16. A “frigate” in line 8 is probably A. B. C. D.

On office A ship A troop A train

Jawaban: Kata “frigate” sesuai dengan cerita mengenai perjalanan petualangan Melville di lautan. Maka arti frigate yaitu sebuah kapal. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah B yaitu a ship. Strategi yang digunakan di dalam Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL adalah SKILL 10: Use context to determine meanings of difficult words. 17. How did the publication of Moby Dick affect Melville’s popularity? A. B. C. D.

His popularity increased immediately It had no effect on his popularity It caused his popularity to decrease His popularity remained as strong as ever

Jawaban: Berdasarkan wacana, penerbitan dari Moby Dick mempengaruhi pengurangan popularitas novel-novel Melville lainnya karena adanya perubahan tema. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah C yaitu it caused his popularity to decrease. Strategi yang digunakan di dalam Longman Complete for the TOEFL adalah SKILL 2: Recognize the organization of ideas. 18. According to the passage, Moby Dick is A. B. C. D.

A romantic adventure A single – faceted work A short story about a whale Symbolic of humanity fighting the environment

Jawaban: Berdasarkan wacana, Moby Dick adalah salah satu novel karangan Melville yang mengandung unsure tentang simbolik kemanusiaan memerangi lingkungan. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah D yaitu symbolic of humanity fighting the environment. Strategi yang digunakan di dalam Longman for the TOEFL adalah SKILL 3: Answer stated detail questions correctly. 19. The word “metamorphosis” in line 15 is closest in meaning to A. B. C. D.

Circle Change Mysticism Descent

Jawaban: Kata “metamorphosis” mempunyai arti yang mendekati dengan change. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah B yaitu change. Strategi yang digunakan di dalam Longman for the TOEFL adalah SKILL 11: Use context to determine meanings of simple words. 20. The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on A. Nineteenth-century novels

B. American history C. Oceanography D. Modern American literature Jawaban: Berdasarkan wacana, cerita ini juga mengenai novel di abad ke 19. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah A yaitu Nineteenth - century novels. Strategi yang digunakan di dalam Longman for the TOEFL adalah SKILL 7: Answer transition questions correctly.

Question 21 – 31 Although only a small percentage of the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by the sun is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the amount that is emitted would be enough to cause severe damage to most forms of lifeon Earth were it all to reach the surface of the Earth. Fortunately, all of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation does not reach the Earth because of a layer of oxygen, called the ozone layer, encircling the Earth in the stratosphere at an altitude of about 15 miles above the earth. The ozone layer absorbs much of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation and prevents it from reaching the earth. Ozone is a form of oxygen in which each molecule consist of three atoms (O3) instead of the two atoms (O2) usually found in oxygen molecule. Ozone form in the stratosphere in a process that is initiated by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Radiation from the sun splits oxygen molecules with two atoms into free oxygen atoms, and each these unattached oxygen atoms then joins up with an oxygen molecule to form ozone. UV radiation is also capable of splitting up ozone molecules; thus, ozone is constantly forming, splitting and reforming in the stratosphere. When UV radiation is absorbed during the process of ozone formation and reformation, it is unable to reach earth and cause damage there. Recently, however, the ozone layer over parts of the earth has been diminishing. Chief among the culprits in the case of the disappearing ozone, those that are really responsible, are the chloroflurocarbons (CFCs). CFCs meander up from earth into the stratosphere, where they break down and release chlorine. The released chlorine reacts with ozone in the stratosphere to form chlorine monoxide (ClO) and Oxygen (O2). The chlorine then becomes free to go through the cycle over and over again. One chlorine atom can, in fact, destroy hundreds of thousands of ozone molecules in the repetitious cycle, and the effects of this destructive process are now becoming evident.

21. According to the passage, ultraviolet radiation from the sun A. B. C. D.

Is causing severe damage to the Earth’s ozon layer Is only a fraction of the Sun’s electromagnetic radiation Creates electromagnetic radiation Always reaches the Earth

Jawaban: berdasarkan pada wacana di atas, jawaban yang benar ialah C, karena “ultraviolet radiation from the sun is only a fraction of the Sun’s electromagnetic radiation”. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 3 : Answer stated detail questions correctly 22. The word “encircling” in line 5 closest in meaning to

A. B. C. D.

Rotating Attacking Rising Surrounding

Jawaban: Makna “encircling” yakni melingkari, makna lain yang serupa dengan “encircling” adalah “surrounding” sehingga jawaban yang benar ialah D. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 11: use context to determine meanings of simple word 23. It is stated in the passage that the ozone layer A. B. C. D.

Enables ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth Reflects ultraviolet radiation Shields the earth from a lot of ultraviolet radiation Reaches down to the earth

Jawaban: wacana di atas menyatakan bahwa “all of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation does not reach the earth because of a layer of oxygen, called the ozone layer” kalimat ini bermakna sama dengan “the ozone layer shields the earth from a lot of ultraviolet radiation”sehingga jawaban yang benar ialah C. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 3 : Answer stated detail questions correctly 24. According to the passage, an ozone molecule A. B. C. D.

Consists of three oxygen molecules Contains more oxygen atoms than the usual oxygen molecule does Consists of two oxygen atoms Contains the same number of atoms as the usual oxygen molecule

Jawaban : berdasarkan wacana di atas bahwa “an ozone molecule consist of three atoms (O3) instead of the two atoms (O2) usually found in oxygen molecule” kalimat ini bermakna sama dengan “an ozone molecule consists of three oxygen molecules” sehingga jawaban yang benar ialah C. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 3 : Answer stated detail questions correctly 25. The word “free” in line 10 could best be replaced by A. B. C. D.

Liberal Gratuitous Unconnected Emancipated

Jawaban: makna “free” yakni bebas. Makna lain yang serupa dengan “free” dalam konteks paragraph ialah “unconnected” sehingga jawaban yang benar ialah C. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 11: use context to determine meanings of simple word 26. Ultraviolet radiation causes oxygen molecules to A. B. C. D.

Rise to the stratosphere Burn up ozone molecules Split up and reform as ozone Reduce the number of chloroflurocarbons

Jawaban: Pada wacana di atas dapat diketahui bahwa “ultraviolet radiation causes oxygen molecules to split up and reform as ozone” sehingga jawaban yang benar ialah C. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 3 : Answer stated detail questions correctly. 27. The pronoun “it” in line 13 refers to A. B. C. D.

Radiation Process Formation Damage

Jawaban: kata ganti ‘it’ pada baris ke 13 merujuk kepada “radiation” karena kalimatnya “when UV radiation is absorbed during the process of ozone formation and reformation, it is unable to reach earth and cause damage there” sehingga jawaban yang benar ialah A. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 5 : find pronoun referents. 28. The word “culprits” in line 16 is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. B. C. D.

Guilty parties Detectives Group members Leaders

Jawaban: makna “culprits” pada baris ke 16 konteksnya sama dengan “Guilty parties” sehingga awaban yang benar adalah A.Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 11: use context to determine meanings of simple word. 29. According to the passage, what happens after a chlorine molecule reacts with an ozone molecule? A. B. C. D.

The ozone breaks down into three oxygen atoms Two different molecules are created The two molecules combine into one molecule Three distinct molecules result

Jawaban: berdasarkan pada wacana di atas, hal yang terjadi setelah molekul klorin bereaksi dengan molekul ozon yakni akan terbentuk 2 molekul berbeda. Sehingga jawaban yang benar ialah B. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 3: Answer stated detail questions correctly. 30. Where in the passage does the author explain how much damage chlorine can do? A. B. C. D.

Lines 1 – 3 Lines 12 – 14 Lines 18 – 19 Lines 20 – 22

Jawaban: penulis menjelaskan seberapa besar kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh klorin terdapat pada baris 20 – 22 “One chlorine atom can, in fact, destroy hundreds of thousands of ozone molecules in the repetitious cycle, and the effects of this destructive process are now becoming evident”. Sehingga jawaban yang benar adalah D. Strategi yang ada pada buku Longman Complete

Course for the TOEFL Test yaitu ada pada SKILL 12: Determine where specific information is found 31. The ...