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Module 1

Lesson 2: Anthropological View of Self

Lesson 1: Philosophical View of Self

Culture’s Impact on Personality

Socrates “Know Thyself” Plato: The Ideal Self, the Perfect Self St. Augustine -

Textual self, meaningfulness of his humanity ( in front of others and God)

Thomas Aquinas -

We don’t encounter ourselves as isolated minds or selves, but rather always as agents interacting with our environment

Rene Descartes: “I think, therefore I am” -

The mind is the seat of our consciousness

David Hume: The self is a bundle, Theory of Mind o

collection of mental states at a particular time

Immanuel Kant: Respect for Self John Locke: Personal Identity o

perrsonal identity is founded on consciousness (memory) and not on the substance of either the soul or the ody.

o

human personality and how it develops has stimulated the interest of scholars long before Sigmund Freud proposed his revolutionary ideas.

Five categories 1. Openness o Characteristics such as imagination and insight. 2. Conscientiousness o Standard features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors. 3. Extraversion o is characterized by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. 4. Agreeableness o This personality dimension includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and other pro-social behaviors. 5. Neurotism o Trait characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability, individuals who are high in this trait tend to experience mood swings, anxiety and sadness. Culture and concepts of Self Our sense of elf is at the core of our being, consciously and unconsciously, influences our every thought, action and feeling.

Lesson 3: The Sociological View of Self Parts of the Self a. Physical Self o One’s psychological sense of one’s physical being b. Social self o Social roles one plays- student, worker, husband, mother,citizen, leader and etc. c. Personal self o One’s private, continuous sense of being oneself in the world.

Sigmund Freud o

View of Human Nature a. deterministic o

o

o

means relationships social beings, men, express their nature by creating and recreating an organization which guides and controls their behavior in myriad ways. may also refer to an organized voluntary association of people for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes.

Social life o

human being cannot live without association.

G.H. Mead and the Social Self George Herbert Mead – sociologist from the late 1800s – is well known for his theory f the social self, which include the concepts for self, me and i.

life is about gaining pleasure and avoiding pain

b. human as energy system o

Society

released “Interpretation of Dreams”

humans are motivated by the unconscious, where the Id is found along with the aggression and sex instincts.

Level of Mental Life 1. Unconscious o Contains all the feelings, urges, or instinct that are beyond our awareness but it affect our expression, feeling, and action. 2. Preconscious o Facts stored in a part of the brain, which are not conscious but are available for possible use in the future. 3. Conscious o Only level of mental life that are directly available to us. Structure of Personality 1. id – infants are born with id intact, pleasure principle – to gain pleasure and avoid pain. 2. Ego – rational level of personality – balance between id and superego 3. Superego – partially conscious – moral principles. Defense Mechanism

Lesson 4: Psychological View of Self

o

Are invented by ego in an attempt to resolve the conflict between id and superego so that personality can operate in a healthy manner.

Lesson 1: Physical Self: Heredity and Environment 1. Physical growth, development, and maturation Growth

Erik Erikson

o

Psychosocial Development Theory Stages William James - the self as cognitive construct

Process of physical maturation resulting an increase in size of the body and various organs

Development o o

Process of functional and physiological maturation of individual. Increase in skills and capacity to function.

Maturation o

Completion of growth and development within the organism, the unfolding of an individual’s inherent traits or potentials.

2. Environmental factors affecting physical self Factors affecting Growth and Development o o o o o

Heredity Genetic Information that is passed on from generation to generation Malnutrition (adequate nutrients) Overeating

Socioeconomic Status o o o o

Income (money to spend food) Education (knowledge about healthy food) Time (food selection and preparation time) Availability (access to stores with healthy food choices)

Lesson 2: The Sexual Self Module 2

1. The Human Reproductive System

The Male Reproductive System External

SO – describes the pattern of a person’s sexual attractions based on gender.

Penis – male organ used in sexual intercourse Semen – contains sperm (reproductive cells) Scrotum – loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind and below the penis. Testicles (testes) – oval organs about the size of large olives that lie in the scrotum secured the spermatic cord. Internal*

Affectional orientation Sexual orientation 3 basic types: Monosexual, polysexual, and asexual

Same-ex orientation Labels:

External Part of Female Reproductive Organ Labia Majora Labia Minora Bartholin’s glands Clitoris

Gay, lesbian, and straight Polysexual Orientation Labels: Bisexual, pansexual, queer Asexual – some people do not experience sexual attraction.

Internal* Gender Identity and expressions 2. The erogenous zone - Sensitive area on the body that causes sexual arousal when it is touched.

3. Understanding the Chemistry of Lust and Love Attachment 1. Lust – driven by initial physical attraction and flirting. 2. Falling in love - attraction – romantic or passionate love is characterized by euphoria when things are going well, and terrible mood swings when they are not. 3. Attachment – staying together. 4. The Diversity of Sexual Orientation

Gender – complex and multi-faceted. Biological sex – attributes such as anatomy, chromosomes, and hormones that is usually assigned at birth and inform whether a person is male, female, or intersex. Gender identity – individual’s internal sense of being a man, woman, neither of these and so on. Gender expression – ways in which person manifests masculinity, femininity, both or neither through appearance, behavior, dress, speech patterns, preferences, and more. STDS and Contraceptives Lesson 3: The Material and Economical Self

1. The Role of Material Objects in SelfDescription and Self-perception Self-description -

Is the way which you describe or talk about yourself to the world.

Self-perception -

An awareness of the characteristics that constitute one’s self; self-knowledge.

Materialism and personality -

Materiality is a value that represents the individual’s perspective regarding the role possessions would play in a person life.

Materialistic Traits Possessiveness – control or ownerhip of possessions Non Generosity – unwillingness to share Envy – feelings of hatred or dislike at another person’s superiority

2. Implications of possessions or lack of them for self-esteem and feeling of well-being.

1. Religion and ritual

A. Religion – belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers and forces. - unified system of beliefs and practices concerned with sacred things. B. Ritual - Formal and performed in sacred contexts. - Convey information about the culture of the participants and hence the participants themselves.

2. Some of the world Beliefs, Customs, and Practices

Buddhism – religion based on the teachings and lessons by Siddhartha Gautam

Christianity – began with the life and teaching of Jesus Christ as describe in the new testament of Bible.

Hinduism – India and Nepal -

Lesson 4: The Spiritual Self

Oldest living religion with no founde as such. Taken as the dominant religion of Indian Sub-Continent which began around 3000BCE.

Islam – also one of the Abrahimic and monotheistic religion.

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Mohammad, as the last prophet of God.

Judaism –one of the oldest religions which began as the religion of the small nation of the Hebrews along with thousands of years of suffering, persecution, dispersion and occasional victory…

3. Finding and Creating Meaning Life Victor Frankl -

Developed the psychological approach known as logotherapy.

He who has a why to live can bear almost any how.

Meaning Triangle Creativity Experience Change of attitude

Keys to happiness: happiness cannot be pursued, it must ensue.

3 values that produce the fruit of meaning 1. Creative values 2. Experiential values 3. Attitudinal values 3 strategies for greater happiness 1. Reflct 2. Refocus 3. Respond...