Week 1 Medication review CT2021 tutorial activity PDF

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Week 1: Medication review Types of Analgesics- An overview (lecture slide 16)

THERAPEUTIC GROUP PHARMACOLOGICAL GROUP

KEY EXAMPLES

Opioid analgesics (narcotic analgesics)

morphine

Opioid receptor agonists

codeine fentanyl Opioid/ Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) tramadol Opioid antagonists

Opioid receptor antagonists

naloxone naltrexone

Non-opioid analgesics

Antipyretic analgesics (NSAIDs)

aspirin paracetamol ibuprofen

Adjuvant drugs

Tricyclic antidepressants

amitryptiline

Anticonvulsants: membrane-stabilising agents, GABA gabapentin

Clinical Therapeutics 2_2021_Medication review_tutorial flashcard activity

analogues Corticosteroids

Clinical Therapeutics 2_2021_Medication review_tutorial flashcard activity

dexamethasone

If you have time left over… (or can be done after the tutorial for your own learning) Opioid dosage forms (lecture slide 17) DRUG/DOSE FORM

NOTES

Morphine

The ‘gold standard’; analgesic for severe pain, acute and chronic pain; has an active metabolite PO (solution, tablet-short acting/controlled release)/ IM/ SC/ IV/ IT/ Epidural

Codeine

Weak opioid, metabolised to morphine; for mild-to-moderate pain; cough suppression; used to treat severe diarrhoea

Fentanyl

Highly potent (dosed in microgram); for moderate-to-severe pain, during anaesthesia, chronic pain, breakthrough pain. SL/ SC/ IV/ Epidural/ IT/ Transdermal patch/ Lozenge (‘lollipop’)

Hydromorphone Less sedative PO (solution, tablet-short acting/controlled release)/ IM/ SC/ IV Methadone

Severe postoperative or chronic pain; monitor for dependence; long half-life, so risk of accumulation PO (syrup, tablet)/ IM/ IV/ SC

Oxycodone

Oral bioavailability variable, 50–90%

Clinical Therapeutics 2_2021_Medication review_tutorial flashcard activity

PO (short acting/controlled release/Liquid)/ SC/ Slow IV/ PR Tramadol

Weak opioid; moderate-to-severe pain; monoamine uptake inhibitor, useful for neuropathic pain; low misuse potential PO (capsules, controlled release)/ IM/ IV

Clinical Therapeutics 2_2021_Medication review_tutorial flashcard activity

Anaesthetics- Lecture slide 61

THERAPEUTIC GROUP

PHARMACOLOGICAL GROUP

KEY EXAMPLES

Barbiturates (affects CNS)

thiopental

Non-barbiturates

Propofol, ketamine

Inhaled general anaesthetics Gases

nitrous oxide

Sedative–antianxiety agents

Benzodiazepines

midazolam

Antisecretory agents

Antimuscarinics

atropine

Analgesics

Opioids

morphine, alfentanil

Skeletal muscle relaxants

Competitive, non-depolarising relaxants

pancuronium

Antiemetics

Dopamine antagonists

metoclopramide

General anaesthetics Induction agents (IV)

Maintenance agents (inhaled)

Premedication

Adjuncts (helping)

Clinical Therapeutics 2_2021_Medication review_tutorial flashcard activity

5-HT antagonists

ondansetron

Esters

procaine, tetracaine (amethocaine)

Amides

lidocaine (lignocaine)

Local anaesthetics

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