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SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE

Victorian Certificate of Education 2018

Letter STUDENT NUMBER

PHYSICAL EDUCATION Written examination Friday 9 November 2018 Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes) Writing time: 12.00 noon to 2.00 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK Structure of book Section

Number of questions

Number of questions to be answered

A B

15 11

15 11

Number of marks

15 105 Total 120

• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers, sharpenersandrulers. • StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/or correctionfluid/tape. • Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination. Materials supplied • Questionandanswerbookof26pages • Answersheetformultiple-choicequestions Instructions • Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage. • Checkthatyournameandstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis. • AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish. At the end of the examination • Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook. Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room. ©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2018

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

2

SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions Instructions for Section A Answerallquestionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions. Choosetheresponsethatiscorrectorthatbest answersthequestion. Acorrectanswerscores1;anincorrectanswerscores0. Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers. Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.

Question 1 Whichoneofthefollowingtrainingmethodswouldbethebestwaytotrainforweightlifting? A. fartlek B. resistance C. continuous D. plyometrics Question 2 Tua,CalebandRockyallhaveaVO2max.of3.8L/min. IfTuaweighs58kg,Calebweighs98kgandRockyweighs125kg,whowouldbethemostsuitedto runninga10kmrace? A. Tua B. Caleb C. RockyandTua D. CalebandTua Question 3 Aerobicpoweristhe A. rateofanaerobicenergyproduction. B. totalamountofenergyproducedintheabsenceofoxygen. C. totalamountofenergyproducedinthepresenceofoxygen. D. maximumrateofenergyproducedinthepresenceofoxygen. Question 4 Openskills A. areself-paced. B. allowapersontorepeatthesamemovementpattern. C. areperformedwhentheconditionsremainunchanged. D. varydependingontherequirementsoftheactivityorgame.

SECTION A – continued



3

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

Question 5 Acoachisprovidingcrowdnoisesatatrainingsessioninordertosimulateagameenvironmentwhilea netballerispractisingshootinggoals. Whichtypeofconstraintisbeingmanipulatedinthisscenario? A. task B. personal C. individual D. environmental Question 6 Whichfuelproducestheleastamountofenergypermolecule? A. triglycerides B. bloodglucose C. muscleglycogen D. storedATPandPC Question 7 Duringexercise,anindividual’sheartrateandtheforceoftheirheart’scontractionsareincreased. Asaresult,thereis A. nochangeinsystolicbloodpressure. B. adecreaseinsystolicbloodpressure. C. anincreaseinsystolicbloodpressure. D. alargedecreaseindiastolicbloodpressure. Question 8 Whichoneofthefollowingisacharacteristicofanathleteintheautonomousstageoflearning? A. Theathleteperformssubroutinesoutoforder. B. Theathleteisabletodetectsomeoftheirerrorsontheirown. C. Theathletehasdifficultyanticipatingwhatmovementisneeded. D. Theathletecanvarytheaccuracy,speedanduniformityoftheirmovements. Question 9 Inthe2018AmericanfootballSuperBowl,TomBrady,whowasinthequarterbackposition,wasseen quicklyassessingthemovementandpositionofhisteammatesandtheopposition,beforemakingadecision aboutwheretopasstheball. Inplayssuchasthis,Bradywouldbeusingwhichtypeofattention? A. broad-internalfocus B. broad-externalfocus C. narrow-internalfocus D. narrow-externalfocus

SECTION A – continued TURN OVER

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

4

Question 10 Theestimatedmaximumheartrateofa50-year-oldathletewouldbe A. 150bpm B. 170bpm C. 190bpm D. 220bpm Question 11 Whichoneofthefollowingfactorsaffectsflexibility? A. bloodvolume B. bodymassindex C. musclefibretype D. rangeofmovementaroundthejoint Question 12 Thecoachofalocalcricketteamisdecidingonaweeklypracticeschedulefortheteamduringthe competitiveseason. Day of the week

Schedule A

Schedule B

Schedule C

Sunday

Schedule D practice 9.00am–10.00am

Monday

practice 5.00pm–6.00pm

Tuesday

practice 5.00pm–7.00pm

practice 5.00pm–6.00pm

Wednesday

Thursday

practice 5.00pm–6.30pm

practice 5.00pm–6.00pm practice 5.00pm–7.00pm

Friday

Saturday

practice 5.00pm–6.00pm

practice 5.00pm–7.00pm

practice 5.00pm–6.00pm

practice 5.00pm–6.30pm

game 1.00pm–6.00pm

game 1.00pm–6.00pm

practice 5.00pm–6.00pm game 1.00pm–6.00pm

game 1.00pm–6.00pm

Whichscheduleinthetableabovewouldbeconsideredthemostmassedpracticeschedulefortheteam? A. ScheduleA B. ScheduleB C. ScheduleC D. ScheduleD

SECTION A – continued

5

2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

Use the following information to answer Questions 13–15. In aerial skiing, the athlete skis down a relatively short hill and off a jump, and then they perform a variety of twistsandflipsintheairbeforelanding.

Source:StockphotoVideo/Shutterstock.com

Question 13 Whichoneofthefollowingfitnesscomponentswouldbethemostimportantinaerialskiing? A. speed B. reaction time C. aerobicpower D.

muscular power

Question 14 Whichbiomechanicalprincipleistheathleteapplyingtotheirperformancebyspreadingtheirarmsaway fromthetorsoduringaerialskiing? A. acceleration B. displacement C. Newton’sfirstlawofmotion D. conservation of angular momentum Question 15 Whichoneofthefollowingpsychologicalstrategiescouldanaerialskierusesecondsbeforetheirjumpin ordertoregulatefeelingsofstressandanxiety? A. biofeedback B. pump-up music C. mental imagery D. jumping around END OF SECTION A TURN OVER

2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

6

SECTION B Instructions for Section B Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Question 1 (9 marks) A coach collected data on one player during a 60-minute recreational European handball match. The data is presented in the following graph and table. Movement patterns 20 18 16 14 12 frequency (N) 10 8 6 4 2 0 fast running

sprint

sideways medium

sideways high

backwards

locomotor category Source: data and ideas from SCA Povos, et al., ‘Physical and Physiological Demands of Recreational Team Handball for Adult Untrained Men’, Biomed Research International, 2017, p. 5

Skill–frequency table throws

20

jumps

27

changes of direction

13

a.

The coach wants to assess the level of agility of his recreational European handball team.



Nameasuitablestandardisedfitnesstestandjustifywhythistestissuitable,basedonthe physiological requirements of the European handball team.

3 marks

Fitness test Justification

SECTION B – Question 1 – continued



7

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

Theplayersundertakeaplyometrictrainingprogram. b.

c.

Describetwopossibleplyometricexercisesthatthecoachcoulduseaspartoftheplyometric trainingprogram.

2marks

i. IdentifyonemuscularadaptationthataEuropeanhandballplayerwoulddevelopafter undertakingaplyometrictrainingprogram.

1mark

ii. OutlinehowthismuscularadaptationwouldimprovetheperformanceoftheEuropean handballplayer.

1mark

d.

TheoverhandthrowinEuropeanhandballisanexampleoftheuseofathird-classlever.



Explainhowthemechanicaladvantageofathird-classleverisbeneficialwhenthrowingin Europeanhandball.

2marks

SECTION B – continued TURN OVER

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

8

Question 2 (2marks) Ventilationistheproductoftidalvolumeandrespiratoryrate. Describetherelationshipbetweenventilationandoxygenconsumptionwhenmovingfromarestingstateto exercising,andexplainwhytherelationshipoccurs.

Question 3 (11marks) Threemalesubjects,all20yearsofage,participatedinathree-monthtrainingprogram.Physiologicaldata wascollectedforeachsubjectpriortocommencingtheprogramandattheendoftheprogram.Thisdatais shownintheresultstablebelow. Factor

Subject 1 Preprogram

Subject 2

Postprogram

Subject 3

Preprogram

Postprogram

Preprogram

Postprogram

restingheartrate (bpm)

 60

55

 63

 65

50

 45

maximumheart rate(predicted) (bpm)

200

200

200

200

200

200

sub-maximalheart rate(bpm)

140

130

160

160

130

125

strokevolume (sub-maximal) (mL/beat)

110

135

110

115

140

155

12

 16

12

12

 16

 18

maximuma-vO2 diff.(mLofO2/ 100mLofblood)

SECTION B – Question 3–continued

9

2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

Subject 1 and Subject 3 undertook the same training program for the three-month period. Subject 2 participated in a different training program. a.

What type of training did Subject 1 and Subject 3 most likely undertake? Justify your response using data from the results table on page 8. 4 marks

b.

Explainhowthechangesreflectedinthepre-programandpost-programphysiologicaldatafor Subject 1 and Subject 3 may lead to improvements in performance. 3 marks

c.

With reference to intensity, discuss reasons why Subject 3 did not show the same improvement as Subject 1. Use data from the results table on page 8 to support your response. 4 marks

SECTION B – continued TURN OVER

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

10

Question 4 (6marks) Energy system interaction and the differences in rates of ATP turnover during short-term intense exercise to fatigue 45 40 35 30 ATP turnover (Kcals/kg/min)

25 20 15 10 5

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 100

time (s)

Source:JSBaker,MCMcCormickandRARobergs, ‘Interactionamongskeletalmusclemetabolicenergysystemsduringintenseexercise’, inJournal of Nutrition and Metabolism,vol.2010,articleID905612,13pages,2010,p.8, ;©2010JulienSBaker,etal.

Examples of track and field events in athletics Track

Field

 100m

shotput

 400m

longjump

5000m

polevault

SECTION B – Question 4–continued

11

2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

Usingthegraphandtheexamplesoftrackandfieldeventsinthetablesonpage10,comparethe characteristicsoftheaerobicenergysystemandtheATP-CPenergysystembydiscussingfuelsources, rateofATPproductionandrecovery.

SECTION B – continued TURN OVER

2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

12

Question 5 (13 marks) Jalena is a 17-year-old student who wants to design a training program for her upcoming lacrosse season. a.

WhatisthefirststepJalenashouldcompletewhendesigningatrainingprogramforherself?

b.

Aspartofhertrainingprogram,Jalenacompletesthefollowingbatteryoffitnessteststo assessherfitnesslevels. Test



Result

1 mark

Rating

multi-stagefitnesstest

level8shuttle2

average

35 m sprint

5.29 sec

excellent

shoulder rotation test

34 cm

fair

phosphaterecoverytest

43%

poor

AnalyseJalena’sresultsinthetableabovetoidentifythefitnesscomponentsthatsheshould aimtoimprove.Providereasonsforyouranswer.

3 marks

Jalenaaimstoparticipateinlongintervaltrainingtwiceperweekandcircuittrainingthreetimes perweekoverfourweeks. c.

Outline one strategy Jalena could use to monitor her training.

1 mark

SECTION B – Question 5 – continued

13

d.

2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

Design a long interval training session that would be suitable for Jalena.

2 marks

Muscular endurance of both the upper and lower body is important in lacrosse. Jalena’s circuit training includes undertaking the following activities for two minutes each, with 30 seconds’ rest in-between: • skipping • depthjumps • highknees • legswings • sidesteps • sit-ups • starjumps • dips • push-ups • plank e.

Evaluate the effectiveness of this circuit training to improve muscular endurance for lacrosse.

f.

After six weeks of following her program, Jalena started to lose motivation and developed sore shins. Outline one psychological strategy that Jalena could use to stay committed to her program.

3 marks

1 mark

SECTION B – Question 5 – continued TURN OVER

2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

g.

14

Suggest a suitable nutritional strategy that Jalena could use after her training sessions and explainhowthisstrategycouldoptimiseherrecovery.

2 marks

Question 6 (8 marks) The size of a playing area for soccer can be manipulated using the constraints-based approach to skill coaching and instruction. a.

Outline what type of constraint the size of a playing area is and explain how reducing the size oftheplayingareawillinfluenceopportunitiestoimproveskillsforplayersinthegameof soccer. 2 marks

b.

Akickinsoccercouldbeclassifiedasanopenskilloraclosedskill.



Classifythesoccerkickasanopenskilloraclosedskillandjustifyyourresponse.

3 marks

SECTION B – Question 6 – continued

15

c.

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

Thefollowingtablepresentsselectedphysiologicaldatacollectedfromplayersinastudyof soccerthatcomparedactivitylevelsduringfive-a-sidesoccergames.Playerscompletedtwo gamesoffourminutes’duration,withonegameoneachoftwodifferentfieldsizes.Therewas threeminutesofactivityrecoverybetweengames. Player averages Small field size (20 m × 28 m)

Large field size (30 m × 42 m)

Heart rate (% of maximum)

86

87

Blood lactate concentration (mmol/L)

3.9

4.6

Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (/10)

5.9

6.2

Source:dataandmethodsbasedonERampinini,FMImpellizzeri,CCastagna,GAbt,etal., ‘Factorsinfluencingphysiologicalresponsestosmall-sidedgames’, inJournal of Sports Sciences,April2007,p.662



Usingthedataprovided,comparethefactorsthatcausefatigueassociatedwithplaying small-fieldandlarge-fieldsoccer.

3marks

SECTION B – continued TURN OVER

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

16

Question 7 (12marks) HayleyandherteammatesundertookaCooper12-minuteruntestaspartoftheirlocalunder-18 footballteam’spre-seasonbatteryoffitnesstests.TheCooper12-minuteruntestisarunaroundan athleticstracktoachieveamaximumdistancein12minutes. a.

Hayley’sbloodlactatelevelremainedrelativelystableduringthemajorityoftheCooper 12-minuteruntest.



Explainwhy.

b.

TheCooper12-minuteruntestisafieldtest.



Justifytheselectionofthistestfortheunder-18footballteamfromaphysiological, psychologicalandsocioculturalperspective.

2marks

5marks

SECTION B – Question 7–continued

17

c.

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

Hayley’scoachesdevelopedaspecifictrainingprogramforhertoimproveherscoreonthe Cooper12-minuteruntestbeforetheendoftheseason. i. ListtwotrainingmethodsthatcouldhavebeenincorporatedintoHayley’straining programtoimproveherperformance.

2marks

1. 2. ii. Foroneofthetrainingmethodslistedinpart c.i.,designtheconditioningphaseofone ofHayley’strainingsessionsusingthecorrectapplicationoftrainingprinciples.

3marks

SECTION B – continued TURN OVER

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

18

Question 8 (14marks) PitaTaufatofuaisanathletefromTongawhohascompetedinboththesummerandwinter OlympicGames.Hecompetedintaekwondointhe2016SummerOlympicGamesinRioandin cross-countryskiinginthe2018WinterOlympicGamesinPyeongchang. TaufatofuaisonlythesecondathletefromaPacificnationtocompeteinaWinterOlympicGames. AsthereisnosnowinTongaornearhisbaseinBrisbane,Australia,Taufatofuainitiallytrainedby runningonsandduneswithwoodenplanksstrappedtohisfeettosimulatebeingonsnow.Hethen trainedonrollerskis.Thesetwotrainingtechniquesassistedwithdevelopingbalanceandfitness, andtheglidetechniquerequiredforcross-countryskiing.Taufatofualearnttoskiinthesnowin threemonths.Hecompetedinthemen’s15kmfreecross-countryeventwithatimeof56:41.10 andfinished114thoutofthe118competitors.Histimewasjustunder23minutesslowerthanthat ofthegoldmedallistfortheevent. a.

WhenTaufatofuafirstbegantolearntoski,whatstageoflearningwashein?

b.

Taufatofuastated,priortothe2018WinterOlympicGamesinPyeongcha...