306691703 IPC Crime Against Women by Pragati Dewangan PDF

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MATS Law School

Indian penal code Project on:“Crime Against Women Under IPC”

SUBMITTED TO

SUBMITTED

BY Mr. Pankaj Umbarkar

Pragati Dewangan

Asst. Professor

B.A.LL.B

MATS Law School

Semester-4th

MATS University 1

MU12BALLB10

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, hereby, want you to know that we thank our college “MATS LAW SCHOOL” for providing us with intellectual and co-operative faculty for

Legal method (Mr. Pankaj

Umbarkar) who allotted us the project topic: “Crime Against Women Under IPC” and gave us the opportunity to research on the topic and gain knowledge and command over it. we would also like to thank our Director sir Dr. G.P. Tripathi for providing very informative, full of knowledge and great variety of books in the college library, at the same time we would like to thank the librarian Mr. Anil Dewangan to allow us to the refer the books and spend ample of time in the library. Crime Against Women Under IPC on which proved to be a boon for us and our project helped us a lot in understanding the basics of the topic. Next, we convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to my friends and family for rendering constructive and valuable suggestions and comments that have helped a lot in improving the quality and content of the project and also helped us for completing the project in limited time frame.

Thank You Pragati Dewangan B.A.LL.B

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DECLARATION

We are here to present project work entitled “Crime Against Women Under IPC” submitted to the MATS University is the original work done by us under the guidance of Mr. Pankaj Umbarkar, MATS Law School, Gullu, Arang, and this project has not performed the basis for the award of any Degree or diploma and similar project if any. It’s for our personal interest and knowledge. Pragati Dewangan B.A.LL.B

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TABLE OF CONTENTS S.No. Topic Page No. 1 Introduction 5 2 Classification of offence against 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Women Rape Punishment for Rape Kidnapping and Abduction Dowry Death Sexual Harassment Importation of girls Torture, Cruelty and Harasement Offences against women in India Cause of crime against women in

6 8 10 17 17 17 17 18 19

12 13

India Mathura Rape Case Conclusion

20 22

INTRODUCTION As Swami Vivekananda had said “That country and that nation that do not respect women have never become great, nor ever be in future”. Women are considered as a weaker sex not only from physical point of view but also from sociological aspect also. When we refer to smritis, we notice that woman has always been dependent on man. During child hood, on her father, after marriage on her husband, and during her old age on her son. 4

However in olden times we find say “Where women are respected there Gods reside” Mahatma Gandhi once observed[i]. To call women a weaker sex it’s liable in mans injustice to women if by strength means brute strength, then indeed women are less brute than men. If by strength means moral power then women is work of Gabon the spirit of man in every position like priest, husband guardian perpetuated the female sex as to obey the man but no one questioned as to why she must be treated as obeying person. Women were considered inferior to men in practical life. But in scriptures they were given high position. Thus in past, the status of women in India was not clear. It was theoretically high but practically low. Women were prohibited to take part in domestic as well as in external matter. They were under the influence of their parents before marriage and their husbands after marriage. Thus, the position of women in ancient India was inferior. The position became worse even during the Moghul rule. They could not overcome the nasty Pardah system of the time. Further, there was the custom of Sati. Many women were forcibly sent to the funeral pyre of their dead husbands. There was no change in the fate of women even during the British rule in India. The situation began to change when many national figures started a struggle for India’s freedom. Mahatma Gandhi openly invited the help from women. Many women came forward. Among them were Sarojini Naidu, Vijaya Laxmi Pandit, Mrs. Aruna Asaf Ali and others [ii]. Many women thereafter occupied prestigious positions in India. They excelled in almost all fields such as sports, politics, administration, science and arts. 5

CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENCES AGAINST WOMEN Women are victims of crimes such as rape, murder, robbery, cheating etc. Which are not specially directed at them, there are designated as crimes against women, which are directed specifically against them and are detailed herein. INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860

The Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) (i)

Rape:

Rape (section 375-377) Sexual offences: as per section 375 to 377 of IPC talks about sexual offences as per section 375 defined as Rape, this term is derived from the Laitn term rapio, which means to seize. Thus rape literally means a forcible seizure and that is essential characteristics of offence. We can also say that intercourse with a women without her consent. As per section 375 : A man is said to commit “rape” who, except in the case hereinafter

excepted,

has

sexual

intercourse

with

woman

circumstances falling under any of the six following descriptions:Firstly- Against her will. Secondly- Without her consent.

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under

Thirdly- With her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her or any PS person in whom she is interested in fear of death or of hurt. Fourthly- With her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband, and that consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is or believes herself to be lawfully married. Fifthly- With her consent, when, at the time of giving such consent, by reason of unsoundness of mind or intoxication or the administration by him personally or through another of any stupefying or unwholesome substance, she is unable to understand the nature and consequences of that to which she gives consent. Sixth- With or without her consent, when she is under age of sixteen years. [iii] Explanation: Penetration is sufficient to constitute the sexual intercourse necessary to the offence of rape.[iv] Exception: Sexual intercourse by man with her consent his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape. Essentials ingredients of section of 375: • There must be sexual intercourse with a woman by a man; • Such a sexual intercourse should be under any of the following circumstances: 7

• Against her will; • Without her consent; • With consent obtained under fear of death or hurt; • With consent given under misconception of fact that the man is her husband; • Consent given by reason of unsoundness of mind, intoxication or under influence of any stupefying or unwholesome substance; • With women under 16 years of age, with or without consent. Punishment for Rape: Section 376. Punishment for rape.—(1) Whoever, except in the cases provided for by sub-section (2), commits rape shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which may be for life or for a term which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine unless the woman raped is his own wife and is not under twelve years of age, in which cases, he shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years or with fine or with both: Provided that the court may, for adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than seven years. 8

(2) Whoever: (a) being a police officer commits rape• Within the limits of the police station to which he is appointed; or • In the premises of any station house whether or not situated in the police station to which he is appointed; or • On a woman is his custody or in the custody of a police officer subordinate to him; or (b) Being a public servant, takes advantage of his official position and commits rape on a woman in his custody as such public servant or in the custody of a public servant subordinate to him; or (c) Being on the management or on the staff of a jail, remand home or other place of custody established by or under any law for the time being in force or of a woman’s or children’s institution takes advantage of his official position and commits rape on any inmate of such jail, remand home, place or institution; or (d) Being on the management or on the staff of a hospital, takes advantage of his official position and commits rape on a woman in that hospital; or (e) Commits rape on a woman knowing her to be pregnant; or (f) Commits rape when she is under twelve years of age; or (g) Commits gang rape, 9

Shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may be for life and shall also be liable to fine: Provided that the court may, for adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment of either description for a term of less than ten years. Explanation 1 Where a woman is raped by one or more in a group of persons acting in furtherance of their common intention, each of the persons shall be deemed to have committed gang rape within the meaning of this sub-section. Explanation 2 “Women’s or children’s institution “means an institution, whether called an orphanage or home for neglected women or children or a widows’ home or by any other name, which is established and maintained for the reception and care of women or children[v]. Explanation 3 “Hospital” means the precincts of the hospital and includes the precincts of any institution for the reception and treatment of persons during convalescence or of persons requiring medical attention or rehabilitation.[vi] Kidnapping and Abduction (Section 359- 373): Kidnapping and Abduction for different purpose( section 363 to 373) : As per section 363talks about punishments for kidnapping Whoever kidnaps any person from India or from lawful guardianship, shall be punished with 10

imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. In Chandrakala v. Vipin Menon1,. The supreme court declined to convict the father, who was accused of kidnapping his minor daughter who was living with her maternal grand father due to strained relationship between her parents, on the ground that the accused was the natural guardian of the child. And as per section 359 defined as kidnapping, Kidnapping is of two type: kidnapping from India, and kidnapping from lawful guardianship. As per section 360 talks about kidnapping from India and section 361 talks about Kidnapping from lawful guardianship. In State of Haryana v. Raja Ram,2in this case the prosecutrix was a young girl of 14 years. She became friendly with a person called Jai Narain, aged 32, who was a frequent visitor. When Jai narain was forbidden by prosecutrix’s father from coming home, he sent massage through a Raja ram. She was constantly persuaded to leave the house and come with jai Narain, who would keep her in a lot of material comfort. One night, the prosecutrix arranged to meet Jai Narain in his house and went to meet him where she was seduced by Jai Narain. Held: It was held that Jai Narain was liable under section 376 for rape and Raja Ram under section 366.

1 (1993 2 SCC 6) 2 AIR 1973 SC 819 11

As per section 364 talks about punishment, it means this section provides that Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder, it means Whoever Kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be murdered or may be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being murdered, shall be punished with imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Illustration: ‘A’ kidnaps ‘Z’ from India, intending or knowing it to be likely that ‘Z’ may be sacrificed to an Idol. ‘A’ has committed offence in this section. So, this section apply if a person has been abducted with intention that he be murdered. (InUpendra Nath v. Emperor3],.) The actual muder of the person is not required. It is sufficient that there was abduction with intent to murder. As per 364A. Kidnapping for ransom, etc.—Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person or keeps a person in detention after such kidnapping or abduction and threatens to cause death or hurt to such person, or by his conduct gives rise to a reasonable apprehension that such person may be put to death or hurt, or causes hurt or death to such person in order to compel the Government or any foreign State or international inter-governmental organization or any other person to do or abstain from doing any act or to pay a ransom, shall be punishable with death, or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.

3 AIR 1940 Cal 561 12

As per section 365Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person.- Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person with intent to cause that person to be secretly and wrongfully confined, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. As per section 366 kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.Whoever kidnaps or abducts any woman with intent that she may be compelled, or knowing it to be likely that she will be compelled, to marry any person against her will, or in order that she may be forced or seduced to illicit intercourse, or knowing it to be likely that she will be forced or seduced to illicit intercourse shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; 1[and whoever, by means of criminal intimidation as defined in this Code or of abuse of authority or any other method of compulsion, induces any woman to go from any place with intent that she may be, or knowing that it is likely she will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with another person shall be punished as aforesaid. As per section 366A procreation of minor girl.—Whoever, by any means whatsoever, induces any minor girl under the age of eighteen years to go from any place or to do any act with intent that such girl may be, or knowing that it is likely that she will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with

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another person shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. As per section 366B Importation of girl from foreign country- Whoever imports into2[India] from any country outside India or from the State of Jammu and Kashmir] any girl under the age of twenty-one years with intent that she may be, or knowing it to be likely that she will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with another person, shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine. As per section 367 Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc.- Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be subjected, or may be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being subject to grievous hurt, or slavery, or to unnatural lust of any person, or knowing it to be likely that such person will be so subjected or disposed of, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. As per section368 Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person- Whoever, knowing that any person has been kidnapped or has been abducted, wrongfully conceals or confines such person, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had kidnapped or abducted such person with the same intention or knowledge, or for the same purpose as that with or for which he conceals or detains such person in confinement. 14

As per section 369 Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person- Whoever kidnaps or abducts any child under the age of ten years with the intention of taking dishonestly any movable property from the person of such child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine[x]. As per section 370 Buying or disposing of any person as slaves- Whoever imports, export, removes, buys, sells or disposes of any person as a slave, or accepts, receives or detains against his will any person as slave, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine. As per section 371 talks about Habitual dealing in slaves- Whoever habitually imports, exports, removes, buys, sells, traffics or deals in slaves, shall be punished with 1[imprisonment for life] or with imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding the years, and shall also be liable to fine. As per section 372selling minor for purpose of prostitution, etc.-Whoever sells, lets to hire, or otherwise disposes of any person under the age of eighteen years with intent that such person shall at any age be employed or used for the purpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with any person or for any unlawful and immoral purpose, or knowing it to be likely that such person will at any age be] employed or used for any such purpose, shall be

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punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall be liable to fine. Explanation I- When a female under the age of eighteen years sold, let for hire, or otherwise disposed of to a prostitute or to any person who keeps or manages a brothel, the person so disposing of such female shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to have disposed of her with the intent that she shall be used for the purpose of prostitution. Explanation II For the purposes of this section “illicit intercourse” means sexual intercourse between persons not united by marriage or by any union or tie which, though not amounting to a marriage, is recognized by the personal law or custom of the community to which they belong or, where they belong to different communities, of both such communities, as constituting between them a quasi -marital relation. As per section 373 talks about Buying minor for the purpose of prostitution etc.- Whoever buys, hires or otherwise obtains possession of any 1[person under the age of eighteen years with intent that such person shall at any age be employed or used for the purpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with any person or for any unlawful and immoral purpose, of knowing it to be likely that such person will at any age be] employed or used for any purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.

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Explanation I Any prostitute or any person keeping or managing a brothel, who buys, hires or otherwise obtains possession of a female under the age of eighteen years shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to have obtained possession of such female with the intent that she shall be used for the purpose of prostitution. 1. Homicide for dowry, dowry deaths or their attempts discussed under section 302 and 304-B and also under section 174(3) of CrPc: As per section 304B. Dowry death.—(1) Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, such death shall be calle...