თავი 4 - კონკურენცია გლობალურ ეკონომიკაში PDF

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კონკურენცია გლობალურ ეკონომიკაში...

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paragrafi 4 konkurencia globalur ekonomikaSi da ganviTarebis Tanamedrove tendenciebi

biznesis

Tavis mimoxilva internetisa da Cinuri, induri Tu sxva ekonomikebis aRmavlobis wyalobiT, bolo wlebSi saerTaSoriso biznesis ideas egzotikuri saburveli Camocilda da sruliad Cveulebriv cnebad iqca. am TavSi Tqven gaecnobiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Zireul sakiTxebs _ maT Soris, im riskebsa Tu sargebels, rac qveynis farglebs gareT biznesis warmoebas axlavs; SeityobT, ra gavleniT sargebloben is organizaciebi, romlebic saerTaSoriso vaWrobas aregulireben, da im ganmsazRvrel faqtors, rasac valutis gacvlis nixrebi hqvia. aseve gaigebT, rogor gaikvlies gza saerTaSoriso bazrebze warmatebulma kompaniebma, rogor daZlies kulturuli Tu sakanonmdeblo gansxvavebebis barierebi, da rogori strategiebi moarges gansxvavebuli bazrebis specifikas. am Tavis bolos imgvar, uaRresad saWirboroto Temaze visaubrebT, rogoricaa terorizmis safrTxe saerTaSoriso biznesisaTvis. saerTaSoriso vaWrobis safuZvlebi sadac ar unda iyoT, Tqvens gaerSemo uTuod dainaxavT rusul Tu arabul benzinze momuSave iaponur avtomobilebs, samxreT koreaSi damzadebul fiWur telefonebs, kanadidan, meqsikidan Tu Ciledan Semotanil sakveb produqcias, CineTSi awyobil kompiuters, italiur tansacmelsa Tu germanul sayofacxovrebo teqnikas…_ mokled, dedamiwis sul sxvadasxva kuTxeSi damzadebul aTobiT da asobiT sxavadasxva saxis nawarms. Sesabamisad, Tuki Tqven romelime kompaniaSi muSaobT, didi albaToba arsebobs imisia, rom Tqveni Semosavlis mniSvnelovani nawili sxva qveynebSi gayidvebidan miRebuli amonagebis wyalobaa. mokled, Cven vcxovrobT da vSromobT globaluri bazris pirobebSi. iseve rogorc muSa-mosamsaxureebi uweven erTmaneTs konkurencias samuSao adgilisaTvis, anda kompaniebi _ momxmareblis misazidad, qveynebica da regionebic swored aseve ejibrebian erTmaneTs rogorc erTi, aseve meore xsenebuli miznis misaRwevad. roca Trekis msgavs firmebs SesaZlebloba eZlevaT qveynis sazRvrebs gareT ivaWron sakuTari nawarmiT, es imis damsaxurebaa, rom Tavad SeerTebul Statebs mravalmxrivi ekonomikuri urTierToebi aqvs damyarebuli sxva saxelmwifoebTan. bunebrivia, amerikis xelisufleba zrunavs da icavs amerikuli kompaniebis, muSebisa da momxmareblebis interesebs, magram igives cdiloben sxva saxelmwifoebic; aqedan gamomdinare, mosalodneloa rom msoflio vaWrobaSi monawile moTamaSeebs zogjer urTierTdapirispirebuli miznebic qondeT, rac Tavis mxriv, saerTaSoriso vaWrobas usasrulo “bagiris gadaqaCvas” amsgavsebs. raSi sWirdebaT saxelmwifoebs erTmaneTTan vaWroba? saerTaSoriso vaWroba namdvilad ar gaxlavT martivi ram, Tumca ori mizezis gamo, is nebismieri qveynis cxovrebis aucilebeli Semadgeneli nawilia: jer is, rom arcerT, TviT aSS-s msgavs did saxelmwifosac ki, ar gaaCnia imdeni resursi da SesaZlebloba, yvelaferi is awarmoos, rac mis moqalaqeebs sWirdeba da Tanac, maTTvis misaReb fasad. magaliTad, aSS-s ar SeuZlia misTvis sakmarisi navTobi moipovos, amitomac mas ruseTisgan, saudis arabeTisa Tu venesuelasagan yidulobs, romelTac es produqti Warbad aqvT. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifoTa umravlesobas ara aqvs saSualeba, awarmoos TviTmfrinavebi, da bevri maTgani amerikuli boingis nawarms iZens. sxva SemTxvevebSi, myidveli ucxo qveyanaSi damzadebuli produqtis SeZenas amjobinebs, Tundac msgavs produqts adgilobrivi kompaniebic sTavazobdnen _ xarisxs da fass Tavisi gaaqvs. meore umTavresi mizezi isaa, rom bevr kompanias sakmaod didi ambiciebi gaaCnia saimisod, mxolod adgilobrivi bazriT ar dakmayofildes. cnobili amerikuli kompaqniebi _ maikrosofti Tu boingi _ amJamindel masStabebTan axlosac ver mividodnen, mxolod amerikeli

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momxmareblis interesebis dakmayofilebaze rom ezrunaT. mobiluri telefonebis mwarmoebeli Sveduri firma eriqsoni, romelic amJamad ukve 140 qveyanaSi awarmoebs bizness, 2009 wlisaTvis gegmavs sakuTari momxmarebelis raodenoba 1 miliardamde aiyvanos da amis ganxorcielebas iseTi xalxmravali qveynebis xarjze apirebs, rogoricaa indoeTi, ruseTi da pakistani. raRa Tqma unda, ucxouri kompaniebic, Tavis mxriv, amerikis gigantur bazars mimzidvelad miiCneven. ase magaliTad, germanuli DHL Zalisxmevas ar iSurebs, swored aq gauwios konkurencia fedeqs-s, xolo meqsikur televizas pretenziebi gaaCnia amerikis satelevizio Tu internet-bazrebze. mokled, konkurencias sazRvrebi ar gaaCnia. israeli liderobs kompiuteruli qselebis dacvis programebis Seqmnis mxriv, xolo igive kompiuterebSi singapuruli warmoebis disk-draiverebi Warbobs. CvenSi cota vinmes Tu gaugia induri firma bajajis Taobaze, arada igi msoflioSi orborbliani motorolerebisa da skuterebis udidesi mwarmoebelia, romelic amerikul bazarze TandaTanobiT iaponur hondasa Tu italiur vespasac ki aviwrovebs. bazrebis gafarToebiT kompaniebma SeiZleba didi xeiri naxon ew. masStaburobis efeqtis mxriv _ rodesac isini 1,000 avtomobilis magivrad 10,000 hyidian, maT SeuZliaT Tavs ufleba miscen qarxnebis met avtomatizaciaSi Cadon fuli, awarmoon ufro farTo sareklamo kampania da sakuTari dilerebis mTeli qselic Seqmnan. saerTaSoriso vaWroba ara marto kompaniebs uqmnis met SesaZleblobebs, is momxmarebelsac exmareba meti arCevanisa da SedarebiT dabali fasebis SeTavazebis mxriv. aseve, xelisuflebebsac meti Semosavlebis mobilizebis saSualeba uCndebaT.

mokled, vaWrobis motivacia naTelia, magram rogor adgens esa Tu is qveyana, ra saqoneli awarmoos da riTi ivaWros sxvebTan? Tuki romelime qveyanas SeuZlia ufro warmatebiT Seqmnas raRac iseTi, rac sxva qveyanaSi ver Seiqmneboda, maSin is msoflio bazarze absoluturi upiratesobiT sargeblobs. Tumca, realurad, arc erT qveyanas ar gaaCnia absoluturi upiratesoba mrewvelobis arc erT dargSi. piriqiT _ SedarebiTi upiratesobis Teoriis Tanaxmad, nebismieri qveyana im dargebis specializaciis gziT unda wavides, sadac sxvebze meti warmatebis miRweva SeuZlia, xolo is nawarmi Tu momsaxureba, romlis ekonomiurad warmoeba adgilobriv ar SeuZlia, sxvagan unda SeiZinos. ase magaliTad, foladisa da yavis warmoeba aSS-sac SeuZlia da braziliasac, magram aSS folads metsa da ukeT awarmoebs, vidre yavas; braziliaSi ki saqme sworedac rom sapirispirodaa. SedarebiTi upiratesobis Teoriis Tanaxmad, orive am qveynisaTvis ukeTesi iqneboda, Tuki metad warmatebuli dargis specializaciis gziT wavidodnen da erTmaneTTan vaWrobisas amerika brazilias miyidda folads, sanacvlod ki misgan yavas SeiZenda. xsenebuli Teoriis ZiriTadi upiratesoba is gaxlavT, rom msgavsi specializacia da savaWro urTierTgacvla xels Seuwyobs qveynebSi zogadad warmoebis zrdasa da savaWro partniorebs cxovrebis ufro maRali donis miRwevaSi daexmareba. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqavT, mTavari is ki araa, ramdenad vargisia Seni saqoneli, aramed is, Tu ramdenad sjobs is viRac sxvisas, da es upiratesobac ar SeiZleba maradiuli iyos. amerikuli saavtomibilo industria erT dros msoflioSi upiribo liderad iTvleboda, magram sul raRac or aTeul weliwadSi iaponiam misi es upiratesoba minimumamde daiyvana bazarze SedarebiT iafiani da xarisxiani nawarmis SemotaniT. dRes iaponur strategias samxreT koreac imeorebs _ sakuTari brendebis meSveobiT (mag. hiundai). swored aseve, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi aSS teqnologiebis umTavresi eqsportiori iyo, magram dRes indoeTi misi seriozuli konkurenti xdeba iseT sferoebSi, sadac mowinave sainJinro azri da kompiuteruli unar-Cvevebia aucilebeli.

TiTqmis 200 wlis ganmavlobaSi, SedarebiTi upiratesobis Teoria ekonomikuri azrovnebis qvakuTxeds warmoadgenda, Tumca aqa-iq ukve gaismis SekiTxva _ ramdenad utyuari aRmoCndeba igi im samyaroSi, romelic TiTqmis Zirfesvianad Seicvala axali teqnologiebis zegavleniT. ase magaliTad, bolo ramdenime aTwleulSi globalizaciam mtkivneuli dartymebi miayena amerikis samrewvelo seqtoris did nawils:L Sromatevad dargebSi bevri iseTi samuSao adgili gaqra, romelic did gawafulobas da ganswavlulobas ar moiTxovda, xolo amerikelma mewarmeebma sakuTari saqmianoba an SedarebiT Rarib qveynebSi gadaitanes,

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anda araperspeqtiul dargebSi saerTod aiRes xeli konkurenciaze. unda iTqvas, rom es yovelive droebiT ki aRmoCnda mtkivneuli amerikuli kompaniebisaTvis, magram zogadad qveynis ekonomikaze mainc dadebiTad aisaxa. ukve yvela mixvda, rom yuradReba unda gamaxvildes maralprofesionalur, maRalanazRaurebad saqmianobaze iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa kompiuteruli programireba, kosmosuri inJineria, samedicino teqnologiebi da sxva, rac jer kidev amerikuli konkurentuli upiratesobis maCvenebelia. drois garkveul periodSi, qveynis eqsportis mTlian Rirebulebas gamoklebuli misi importis mTliani Rirebuleba Seadgens savaWro balanss. im wlebSi, rodesac qveynisQ mier eqsportirebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebuleba aWarbebs xolme importirebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebulebas, qveynis savaWro balansi dadebiTia; anu _ sxva qveynebis macxovreblebi ufro meti am qveynis saqonliTa da momsaxurebiT sargebloben, vidre igi yidulobs maTgan, rac Tavis mxriv, savaWro namats qmnis. Sesabamisad, sapirispiro viTarebaSi, savaWro balansi uaryofiTia, anu _ importi Warbobs eqsports da iqmneba savaWro deficiti. naSTis (saldos) balansi saerTaSoriso vaWrobis yvelaze myari maCvenebelia. esaa qveyanaSi Sesuli fulis nakadis mTel odenobas gamoklebuli, qveynidan gasuli fulis mTeli odenoba _ drois ama Tu im periodSi. igi TavisTavad moicavs savaWro balanss, rasac emateba sagareo investiciebidan miRebuli Tu sagareo investiciebSi Cadebuli Tanxebis odenoba, samxedro xarjebi, sagareo daxmareba da sxv. saerTaSoriso fuladi operaciebi. ase magaliTad, roca amerikuli kompania mTlianad an nawilobriv yidulobs sxva qveyanaSi dafuZnebul romelime kompanias, es investicia naSTis balansSi iTvleba da ara savaWro balansSi. swored aseve, roca vTqvaT, daimler-bencis msgavsi ucxouri kompania amerikul (vTqvaT, kraisleris) kompanias yidulobs, anda SeiZens amerikul aqciebs, fasian qaRaldebs Tu uZrav qonebas am qveyanaSi, msgavsi fuladi operaciac naSTis (saldos) balansis nawilad moiazreba. amerikis xelisufleba, sxvaTa msgavsad, dadebiTi naSTis balansis uzrunvelyofas cdilobs, anu _ imaze meti fulis mozidvas qveyanaSi, vidre iqidan gaedineba. Tavisufali vaWroba da samarTliani vaWroba SedarebiTi upiratesobis modelis momgebianoba im mtkicebulebas efuZneba, rom saxelmwifoebi ar dgaven xelovnur nabijebs sakuTari sisusteebis minimumade dasayvanad, an sxva qveynebis upiratesobebis gasaneitraleblad. ase magaliTad, aSS-s rom moesurva brazaliur yavaze fasebis xelovnurad aweva, SeeZlo iqidan Semotanil yovel funtze damatebiTi gadasaxadi daewesebina, rac importirebuli yavis fass iZulebiT gauTanabrebda amerikaSi warmoebulisas. vaWrobis is saxeoba ki, romelic msgavsi xelovnuri Carevebisagan dazRveulia, Tavisufali vaWrobis saxeliTaa cnobili. sityva “Tavisufalis” dadebiTi JReradobis miuxedavad, Tavisufali vaWrobis koncefcia sayovelTaod misasalmebeli araa: ase magaliTad, man SeiZleba mkacri gamocdis winaSe daayenos is kompaniebi da muSa-mosamsaxureebi, romelnic uecrad wamgebian konkurentul pirobebSi aRmoCndebian xolme msoflio bazarze. masaCusetsis StatSi dafuZnebuli kompania simen feiferi, warmoebis mizanmimarTuli avtomatizaciis miuxedavad, mainc daadga aSkara faqtis winaSe, rom konkurencias veRar uwevda igive produqciis Cinel momwodeblebs, ramdenadac Cinuri mza produqciis Rirebuleba imaze naklebi iyo, rac simen-s mxolod nedleulze exarjeboda. Tavisufali vaWrobis amosavali debuleba, rom qaRaldi CineTma unda awarmoos misi SedarebiTi upiratesobidan gamomdinare, xolo simenma saqmianoba raRac sxva mimarTulebiT warmarTos, veraferi SeRavaTia im TanamSromlebisaTvis, visac es kompania uxdis xelfass, da verc Tavad kompaniis mflobelebisaTvis, romlebmac didi investicia Cades warmoebis avtomatizaciaSi. esec rom ara, zogierTi kritikosis azriT, Tavisufali vaWroba TanamSromelTa eqsploatacias uiolebs kompaniebs mTels msoflioSi, roca isini cdiloben, warmoebebi iseT qveynebSi gadaitanon, sadac yvelaze dabali xelfasebia da arc mkacri moTxovnebi arsebobs TanamSromelTa usafrTxoebisa Tu bunebrivi garemos dacvis kuTxiT. swored es mosazrebebi daedo safuZvlad bolodroindel protestebs Tavisufali vaWrobisa da zogadad globalizaciis winaaRmdeg. kritika ismis imasTan dakavSirebiTac, rom didi saerTaSoriso kompaniebi imTaviTve uTanasworo mdgomareobaSi ayeneben wvril fermerebs da sxva mwarmoeblebs, roca maTgan ama Tu im nawarms yiduloben xolme. fasebi xelovnurad imdenad ecema, rom maT didi Zalisxmeva sWirdebaT sicocxlisunarianobis SesanarCuneblad _ bunebrivia, yvelgan da yovelTvis moinaxeba viRac, vinc Tanaxma iqneba nakleb sazRaurad imuSaos, anda

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sxvaze iafad gayidos Tavisi Sromis monagari. amgvari viTarebis pasuxad SeiZleba samarTliani vaWrobis koncefcia miviCnioT, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom myidveli nebayoflobiT Tanxmdeba mwarmoebels sabazro fasze meti gadauxados, raTa man sasicocxlod aucilebeli minimumi miiRos da saqmianobis gagrZeleba SeZlos. savaWro akrZalvebi samarTliani vaWrobisagan gansxvavebiT, rac Tavis mxriv nebayoflobiTi reagirebaa saerTaSoriso Tavisufal vaWrobaSi imTaviTve warmoqmnil uTanasworobaze, sxvadasxva qveynis xelisuflebas aseve SeuZlia SezRudvebi da akrZalvebi daawesos saerTaSoriso vaWrobis sxvadasxva sferoSi. msgavsi akrZalvebis erTobliobas proteqcionizmis saxeliT ixsenieben, ramdenadac xSirad maTi mizani konkretuli dargisa Tu muSa-mosamsaxureTa jgufis interesebis dacvaa. xelisuflebas aseve SeuZlia proteqcionistuli nabijebi gadadgas mrewvelobis im dargis dasacavad, romelsac, saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba; daicvas sakuTari moqalaqeebis janmrTeloba da usafrTxoeba, da SesaZlebloba misces axlad warmoqmnil Tu dasustebul dargebs, momZlavrdnen da myarad dadgnen fexze _ saerTaSoriso konkurenciis mkacr realobasTan mimarTebaSi. TavisTavad, ramdenad kargi an mavnea aseTi savaWro akrZalvebi? sxvadasxva kvlevebis safuZvelze, ukve SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom saboloo jamSi, isini mainc zians ayeneben qveyanas, ramdenadac asusteben konkurencias, aferxeben siaxleTa danergvas da SesaZleblobas aZleven adgilobriv mwarmoeblebs, gaaZviron TavianTi nawarmi. Tumca, politikosebze ganxorcielebulma moklevadianma zewolam rogorc biznesis mflobelTa, aseve sxavadasxva dargis muSa-mosamsaxureTa jgufebis mxridan, SesaZloa mainc gadasZalos es mosazreba _ moklevadiani xeiris sasargeblod. rac Seexeba yvelaze farTod gavrcelebul akrZalva-SezRudvebs, esenia: tarifebi, qvotebi, embargo, da sanqciebi.  tarifebi _ esaa importirebul saqonelze dawesebuli baJi, damatebiTi gadasaxadi, Tu mosakrebeli. zogjer tarifebi saxelmwifo xazinaSi Semosavlebis mosazidad wesdeba, Tumca ufro xSirad, maTi SemoReba savaWro akrZalvebisa Tu im qveynebis dasjis mizniTaa xolme ganpirobebuli, romlebic saerTaSoriso vaWrobis kanonmdeblobas eurCebian.  qvotebi _ zRudavs ama Tu im konkretuli saqonlis qveyanaSi Semotanis odenobas wlis ganmavlobaSi. ase magaliTad, aSS awesebs zeda zRvars Saqris, miwis Txilisa da rZis nawarmis importze. XX sauk. 70-ian ww. federalurma xelisuflebam aseve gadadga nabijebi safeiqro da samkervalo dargebis dasacavad, roca importis qvotebi dauwesa msgavsi tipis ucxouri warmoebis saqonels. marTalia, amgvar SezRudvebs ama Tu im dargis dacva ki SeuZliaT, magram Sedegad, momxmareblisTvis Tavad saqoneli Zvirdeba xolme.  embargo _ esaa igive, oRond umkacresi formiT ganxorcielebuli qvota, anu _ garkveuli nawarmis importisa Tu eqsportis sruli akrZalva. ase magaliTad, kanada saerTod krZalavs margarinis Setanas qveyanaSi, raTa ase daicvas sakuTari sakvebi produqtebis warmoeba. aSS ki ukve sakuTar mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze zrunvis motiviT krZalavs qveyanaSi tyviis Semcvelobis mqone saRebavebiT gaferadebuli saTamaSoebis imports.  sanqciebi _ esaa politikurad motivirebuli embargo, rac ama Tu im qveyanas normaluri savaWro urTierTobebis saSualebas ar aZlevs. xSirad sanqciebi saomari moqmedebebis Tavidan acilebis iZulebiT winapirobad gamoiyeneba da SeiZleba gulisxmobdes embargos iaraRze, vaWrobis masStabebis SezRudvas, tarifebis gazrdas, importis qvotis Semcirebas, vizebze uaris Tqmas, sahaero mimosvlis Sewyvetasa Tu sxv. da sxv. xelisuflebaTa umetesoba sanqciebs ukidures SemTxvevebSi mimarTavs, ramdenadac cxovrebam araerTxel daadastura, rom maTi gamoyeneba maincadamainc ver uwyobs xels, ase vTqvaT, “dasjili” qveynebis “gamosworebas”. sagareo vaWrobis SezRudvebTan erTad, xelisuflebebi zogjer adgilobriv mwarmoeblebs konkurentunarianobis amaRlebaSic exmarebian qvemoCamoTvlili proteqcionistuli taqtikuri nabijebis meSveobiT: 

amkrZalavi saimporto standartebi. saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT adgilobriv mewarmeebs daexmaron iseTi amkrZalavi saimporto standartebis dadgeniT, romlebic sagangebo lizenziebs moiTxovs ama Tu im saqmianobis sawarmoeblad, Semdeg ki ucxour kompaniebs ukiduresad urTuleben msgavsi licenziebis miRebas.

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ase magaliTad, saudis arabeTSi mkacradaa SezRuduli saimporto licenziebi mravali saxis nawarmze _ maT Soris, qimikatebze, pasterizebul rZesa da sainformacio teqnologiebze. bevr qveyanaSi importis SezRudva Semotanili saqonlis sagangebo savaldebulo testirebis meSveobiTac ki xdeba. subsidiebi. zogierTi qveyana importis SezRudvas adgilobrivi mewarmeebis subsidirebas amjobinebs, raTa maT mier dadgenilma fasebma warmatebiT uzrunvelyon konkurencia globalur bazarze. gansakuTrebiT sakamaTo sakiTxia fermerTa subsidirebis praqtika: amJamad msoflios umdidresi qveynebi am mimarTulebiT yovelwliurad TiTqmis samas miliard dolars xarjaven (19 mlrd mxolod aSS-ze modis), rac praqtikulad SeuZlebels xdis SedarebiT Raribi qveynebisaTvis konkurencias msoflio bazrebze. wlebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda molaparakebebi amgvari subsidiebis odenobis Semcirebis Taobaze da 2004 w. aSS daTanxmda daewyo subsidiebis Semcireba bambeulis mwarmoebeli fermerebisaTvis _ afrikuli qveynebis Txovnis pasuxad. subsidirebis gamo meore cnobili dava-kamaTi mimdinareobs erTis mxriv, aSS-sa da meores mxriv, evrokavSirs Soris _ swored amerikuli boingi da misi umTavresi evropuli konkurenti _ earbasi erTmaneTs bralad sdeben subsidirebis miRebas axali TviTmfrinavebis sawarmoeblad. dempingi. iseT praqtikas, rodesac nawarmis didi odenoba mis sawarmoo xarjebze dabal fasad iyideba, an imaze naklebad, rasac kompania Tavis Sida bazarze daadebda, dempingi ewodeba. msgavsi taqtika yvelaze xSirad, ucxoeli momxmareblis gulis mosagebad, anda nawarmis Warbwarmoebis gasaneitraleblad gamoiyeneba xolme. Tuki adgilobriv mewarmes SeuZlia daamtkicos, rom dabalfasiani importi mis bizness azaralebs, xelisuflebaTa umravlesoba, Tavis mxriv, cdilobs aunazRauros mas danakargebi saerTaSoriso savaWro organizaciebis meSveobiT. oRond isic saTqmelia, rom dempinguri viTarebebis gadaWra xSirad did Tavsatexad iqceva xolme: myidveli dabali, dempinguri fasis SemTxvevaSi kmayofili da mogebuli rCeba, arada, imis dadgena, realurad ra Rirs esa Tu is nawarmi mwarmoebel qveyanaSi, Zalze Znelia.

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis makontrolebeli organizaciebi da xelSekrulebebi erTi romelime qveynis farglebSi warmoqmnili biznes-davis mogvareba SedarebiT iolia, radgan yoveli mxare erTi da imave xelisuflebis mier dadgenil wesebs emorCileba; sxva saqmea, roca dava qveynebs Soris mimdinareobs da molaparakebebic xSirad wlobiT grZeldeba xolme. am sakiTxis gasaioleblad met-naklebad yvelasaTvis misaRebi kriteriumebis dasadgenad, sxvadasxva qveynebis xelisuflebebma ramdenime umniSvnelovanes SeTanxmebas moaweres xeli da savaWro sakiTxebis mosagvareblad, ramdenime saerTaSoriso organizaciac daafuZnes; maT soris, GATT, WTO, APEC, IMF, da WB. generaluri SeTanxmeba tarifebisa da vaWrobis Taobaze (GATT) _ esaa masStaburi xelSekruleba, romelic Tavdapirvelad II msoflio omis Semdeg daido, da misi mTavari principi Tanasworuflebianobaa _ nebismieri upiratesoba, rasac gatt-i erT-erT qveyanas aniWebs, aucileblad yvela sxva mis wevrzec unda gavrceldes da arc romelime saxelmwifo ar SeiZleba gamorCulad iqnas dasjili. 1995w. gatt-is safuZvelze Seiqmna msoflio savaWro organizacia (VTO) , romelmac, rogorc savaWro molaparakebebis forumma, Canacvla kidec igi. msoflio savaWro organizacia (VTO) _ esaa mudmivi forumi, sadac imarTeba molaparakebebi da meTvalyureoba eweva saerTaSoriso savaWro procedurebs; amave dros, igi agvarebs davebs 148 wevr qveyanas Soris. organizaciis umTavresi mizania gaaumjobesos adamianebis keTildReoba msoflio masStabiT da saerTaSoriso vaWrobas Seuwyos xeli _ meti efeqturobis misaRwevad. globalizaciisa da Tavisufali vaWrobis kritikosebi TavianT guliswyromas xSirad swored am organizaciisadmi mimarTaven, Tumca Tavad misi mesveurebi acxadeben, rom kritika usamarTlo da dausabuTebelia, rac vto-s saqmianobis arasworad aRqmis Sedegi gaxlavTo.

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azia-wynari okeanis ekonomikuri TanamSr...