C464 Study Guide - Competency 1 PDF

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C464 Study Guide Competency 1: Communication Foundations Modules 1 – 4 and 13 Instructions: Explain each concept in your own words. Then, provide a personal scenario (in your own words and experiences) that demonstrates the concept. If you find you are having trouble, please don't hesitate and reach out to your Course Instructor. To get the most out of this study guide, please watch our tutorial: Click Here

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Concept

Terms & Definitions

Personal/Meaningful Examples

In this column we have identified key terms and concepts that are essential for OA success. Example:

In this column we provide space for you to identify key terms and provide definitions in your own words. Example:

In this column, we provide space for you to identify an example relevant to your own experiences. Example:

What is communication (p. 11)

Exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages with the intent of stimulating meaning in others.

Jessica had a conversation with Shelly. She told Shelly she is happy to be her friend (verbal) and hugged her (non-verbal). *Note, the best scenarios have: 1) A sender 2) A receiver 3) A message applying the concept

MODULE 1: Introduction to Communication 1. effective communication The four primary challenges requires significant smart and psychological resources. of Communication and how Page 1 of 8

1. 2. 3.

to overcome them (p. 12 – 13)

2. not everyone we encounter will appreciate the value of communication. 3. we may over rely on digitally mediated communication 4. we live in a diverse world, in which intercultural understanding can be difficult.

What are the major parts to the Linear Model of Communication? (p.14) What are the 5 phases of the Linear Model of Communication? (p. 14)

Basic components of a simple exchange between two people. Phase 1: deciding on message Phase 2: encoding the message Phase 3: transmitting the message Phase 4: perceiving the message Phase 5: decoding and assigning the meaning of the message Hint: How does the Transactional Model differ from the Linear Model? The transactional model specifically considers communication as a dependent of many factors. It does not see communication as simple or moving in one direction, but instead acknowledges the reality that effective communication will always have to overcome many challenges.

What are the parts to the Transactional Model of Communication (p. 15)

Describe the 3 interrelated skill sets or dimensions of communication competence (p. 16)

1. appropriateness 2. communication skills 3. motivation

If you would like to add Page 2 of 8

4. *Please give example for each challenge.

Break down an exchange between two people into the 5 phases:

1. 2. 3.

additional terms, ideas, etc., please use this space.

MODULE 2: Communication Begins with the Self 1. selection What are the three stages to 2. organization the perception process? (p. 3. interpretation 18) Perception - What are the four principles that help us understand how selection works? (p. 18)

Perception - What are 4 ways we organize information? (p. 18)

Self-esteem (p.20)

Self-concept (p. 20). What is the difference between selfesteem and self-concept? What is an attribution error? (p. 21) What are the two types of attribution errors? (p. 21)

1. selective exposure: we attend to information that reinforces existing belief and disregard information that’s at odds with our current position. 2. selective attention: once we are engaged in a particular interaction we focus on certain information and ignore other information. 3. selective perception: our inclination to see, hear, and believe what we want to. 4. selective recall: we remember things that we agree with. 1. Distinguishing between figure and ground. 2. Closure 3. Proximity 4. Similarity The degree to which you approve of, value and like the concept that you have of yourself. The way you define yourself. Groups we’re a part of roles we play relationships and experience we have. Common mistakes people make in perceiving events, messages, and people. 1. fundamental attribution error Page 3 of 8

1. 2. 3.

1. 2.

What are the four steps to effective self- presentation according to Waldeck, Kearney & Plax? (p. 23)

2. self serving bias 1. set a goal 2. create a strategy 3. execute the strategy and evaluate the results 4. modify negative perceptions

1. 2. 3. 4.

If you would like to add additional terms, ideas, etc., please use this space.

MODULE 3: Culture and Cultural Differences 1. values and beliefs What are four ways cultures 2. products that they buy, and holidays observed reflect the behaviors about people according to Tylor? (p. 3. lifestyles 25). 4. rules followed

What is a co-culture? (p. 26) What are the five primary characteristics of culture and co-cultural memberships that have an effect on human communication? (p. 28)

Individualism vs. Collectivism (p. 28)

High context vs. low context (p. 28)

High power distance vs. low power distance (p. 28)

1. 2. 3. 4.

A smaller culture which fits inside an umbrella culture. 1. Individualism vs. Collectivism 2. High context vs. low context 3. High power distance vs. low power distance 4. Masculinity and femininity 5. Polychronic vs. monochronic Whether a society values strong individual or values their membership in their particular in group Whether communication relies heavily on environmental cues vs explicit or if it’s clear verbal messages High power is whether a culture places value on power and rank and low power is more dependent on equality Femininity is more nurturing, Page 4 of 8

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Masculinity and femininity (p. 28)

Polychronic vs. monochronic (p. 28)

What are the 5 skills and guidelines for communicating competently with members of different groups? (p. 29)

friendly, affectionate, cooperation, listening, and supportive, whereas masculinity is more direct, assertive, and competitive Polychronic are people who like working on multiple things at once. Monochronic are people who like doing one thing at a time. 1. preparing for intercultural situations 2. adapting to the norms of the culture of your host 3. being aware that everyone is influences by his or her cultural connections, and this may be a big reason they may seem to be “difficult” 4. Attempt to be more tolerant of the uncertainty. 5. Be more cautious of the generalizations and labels that we use.

If you would like to add additional terms, ideas, etc., please use this space.

MODULE 4: Communication Using Digital Media Their capacity for enabling Benefits of emerging new social interaction and creating media (p. 32) vibrant communicating communities. -no high-quality Pitfalls of emerging new communications media (p. 32 and 34) -can result in miscommunications -few tone and nonverbal clues -lack of personal space -limits ability to engage in effective role taking and accurate perception Synchronous vs. Synchronous is instant replies asynchronous communication in real time interaction. Page 5 of 8

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

(p. 34)

Describe the 4 things to do to select the right medium for communication (p. 35)

What are the 4 criteria for determining the Strengths and Weaknesses of digital media according to Trevino, Daft & Lengel? (p. 35)

Asynchronous is not at the same time, outside of time limitations 1. Identify your goals 2. consider the recipients and context for the message 3. consider the receiver and context when choosing a medium 4. assess the strengths and weaknesses of the medium 1. capacity for instant feedback 2. capacity for communicating multiple cues 3. capacity for transmitting natural language 4. capacity to express personality and emotion

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4.

If you would like to add additional terms, ideas, etc., please use this space.

MODULE 13: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Definition of kinesics: Nonverbal communication 1. emblems Kinesics (p. 103) 2. illustrators 3. affect displays What are the 5 subtypes? 4. adaptors 5. regulators It is the use of touch in Nonverbal communication communication Haptics (p. 103) Nonverbal communication Proxemics (p. 103) What are the 4 distances according to Hall?

Definition: 1. intimate distance 2. personal distance 3. social distance 4. public distance

Page 6 of 8

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Nonverbal communication Chronemics (p. 103)

Nonverbal communication Artifactual (p. 103)

Nonverbal communication Paralanguage (p. 103)

Verbal communication - The four characteristics of language (p. 101) Please note that denotative/connotative and abstract/concreate are only two of the four characteristics. Describe the difference between denotation and connotation (p. 101) If you have already defined and provided examples for this element above, you can leave this row blank. Describe the difference between abstract language and concrete language. (p. 101)

The ways in which communicators use time and the messages they communicate as a result of they manage their time Ornaments and adornments a person display

Use of voice other than to express words and phrases.

1. cultural 2. denotative and connotative 3. abstract 4. powerful

1. 2. 3. 4.

Denotation: the universal definitions of words that groups agree on Connotation: contextual meanings that we associate with words meanings that often express some kind of value Abstract: refer to intangibles Concrete: refer to tangible objects

Denotation example: Connotation example:

If you have already defined and provided examples for this element above, you can leave this row blank. If you would like to add additional terms, ideas, etc., please use this space.

Page 7 of 8

Abstract: Concrete:

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