Circulatory system - kessler PDF

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7/26/2020

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Chapter 40something Friday, February 21, 2020 10:02 AM

Intro to circulatory system • Functions ○ Transport • Move things around the body • Nutrients • Hormones • O2 • Co2 • Waste products ○ Protection • Cells of the immune system are transported to help protect the body from infection ○ Regulation • Maintain homeostasis of a variety of the bodys conditions ○ Gas exchange ○ Extraction of nutrients from food and purification of toxins ○ Provides interstitial fluid • Types of systems ○ All have • Circulatory fluid • Interconnecting vessels • Muscular pump • Heart provides circulation using metabolic energy ○ Open • Invertebrates/ mollusks • Hemolymph is the fluid • Includes interstitial fluid • Nutrients and waste are exchanged between hemolymph and body cells • Metabolically inexpensive • No way to selectively direct where the fluid is going ○ Closed • All vertebrates https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=ED99AD9522EF2642%21297&page=Edit&wd=target%28Bio Semester 2.one%7Cc77809e6-2958-437f-a35a-16… 1/4

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• Blood is the fluid • Confined to vessels and is distinct from interstitial fluid • One or more hearts to pump blood through the vessels • Chemical exchanged occurs between blood and interstitial fluid and body cells • Types of circulation ○ Single • Fish • Two chambered heart • Single atrium collects blood from tissues • Single ventricle pumps blood out of the heart • Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the gills • Blood picks up oxygen • Drops off co2 in gills • Freshly oxygenated blood continues on through arteries to other body tissues • Oxygen and nurtients delivered to tissues • Co2 diffueses ○ Double • Mammals crocodiles birds • Oxygen poor and oxygen rich is pumped from the right and left sides of the heart into 2 distinct circuits • Systemic • Left side of the heart • Propels oxygenated blood to capillary beds in organs and tissues • Pulmonary • Right side of the heart delivers oxygen poor blood to caplillary beds of the gas exchanged tissues • Higher blood pressure • Vertebrate circulatory systems https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=ED99AD9522EF2642%21297&page=Edit&wd=target%28Bio Semester 2.one%7Cc77809e6-2958-437f-a35a-16… 2/4

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○ Closed system • Cardiovascular ○ Blood vessels • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries ○ Blood flow is strictly one way ○ Arteries carry blood away from the heart ○ Veins carry blood back to the heart ○ Flow • Heart • Large arteries • Small arteries • See notes • Anatomy of blood vessels ○ Arteries are more muscular than veins • Withstand high pressure • 3 layers of cells • Capillaries • Site of gas exchange • Tubes composed of a single layer of epithelium • Smallest and narrowest vessels in the body ○ Veins • Thinner wall • Larger center to contain blood • Pressure is very low • Venules • Small thin extensions of capillaries where blood enters in its return journey • Gravity is a consideration for blood flow • One way valves that prevent back flow of blood • Contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the veins and venules and by contraction of skeletal muscles • Blood composition ○ Plasma • 55% of blood https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=ED99AD9522EF2642%21297&page=Edit&wd=target%28Bio Semester 2.one%7Cc77809e6-2958-437f-a35a-16… 3/4

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• water • Inorganic salts • Form of dissolved ions • Electrolytes • Maintain osmotic balance • Influence • Blood ph • Osmotic pressure • Viscosity • Lipid transport ○ Cellular elements 45% • Red blood cells • Erythrocytes • Contain hemoglobin • Transports oxygen • Leukocytes • White blood cells • Lymphocytes • T • B • Neutrophils • Basophils • Monocytes • Eosinophils • All from the same stem cells • Function in defense • Engulf bacteria and debris • Mounting immune responses against foreign substances • Found in and outside of the circulatory system • Thrombocytes • Platelets • Stop bleeding •

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