CMST 342 Class Notes - Joe E. Lybarger CMST 342 (002): Survey of Organizational Communication Spring PDF

Preview

Summary

Joe E. Lybarger
CMST 342 (002): Survey of Organizational Communication Spring 2019...

Description

Cmst 342: organizational communication  What is org com? o Organizing a group of individuals to complete a task or agreed upon goal  The way it’s studied is relatively new o One of the fastest growing disciplines in communications studies o Com studies is new, started around 1980’s 

Ptah-hotep: 



Rhetoric 



4th century BC, Aristotle

The Prince 



2700- 2600 BC, Oldest surviving piece of literary work

16th century, Machiavelli, upward communication

Robert Owen 

Little cube of wood: white=excellent, yellow=good, blue=indifferent, black=bad



1813 essay: “workforce is system composed of many parts”



Dale Carnegie: how to win friends and influence people 1926



Human relations in modern business manifesto 1949 “magna carta of human relations”



Keith Davis



1952, first PhD addressed to topic of industrial communication “Channels of Personal Communication



“Year of Crystallization”

 The Machine Metaphor o Industrial revolution profound impact  Henri Fayol

o 1841-1925 o French mining engineer, exec, author, director of mines o Developed theory of business administration “Fayolism” o Emphasized an effective organization is highly structure and each individual knows where they fit *management vs. leader metaphor o Theory of classical management 

What and how



Elements of management (what)







Planning- looking ahead



Organizing- enough of what you need to get it done in a timely manner and to whoever is consuming the product



Command- give clear instruction and employees product will be the best



Coordination- creating whole out of parts



Control- verify everything is going to plan

Principles of management (how) 

Organizational structure- hierarchy, simplicity regarding order of command/ task management/ responsibility



Organizational power- power relationships, centralized power over decision making based on position/ personal characteristics in order to create an obedient atmosphere



Organizational reward- rewarded via salaries, good treatment, compliment



Organizational atmosphere- group vs. individuals, organizational goals, no dissention within ranks

Henri Foyal theory Summary: emphasized that an effective organization is highly structured and each individual knows their place

 Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy o 1864- 1920

2

o German sociologists, philosopher, jurist, economist, one of three founding fathers of sociology o Mostly known for sociology of religion- thesis regarding “Protestant Ethics” “Spirit of Capitalism” o Power to weber- argues power could be in many forms through class, political party, affiliation o Basically, class, status, and party affiliation are each aspects of the distribution of power within a community o Theory of bureaucracy 

Ideal type, lays out features of abstract or ideal organization, technically superior in nature



Bureaucracy to Weber 

Clearly defined hierarchy, division labor



He emphasizes that bureaucracy will shut itself off from the influences oft eh outside environment because environmental interruptions could hamper its smooth functioning



Fayol was about the machine, Weber was about the society



3 main elements to weber’s theory 

traditional authority o based on long standing beliefs on who in in control, not based on abilities- the queen



charismatic authority o based on personality and ability to attract, not stable position of power



rational-legal authority o based on application of rules through info and expertise, individual creates the rules and norms- elected official 

3

weber believes all three exist singular or with other 

traditional/ charismatic rely on position



rational-legal rely on rationality expertise



Summary: beauacracy is ideal type strict reliance on rules, division of labor, and a clear established hierarchy

 Fredrick Taylor 1856-1915 o American mechanical engineer wanted to improve industrial efficiency o Provided prescriptions for how organizations could run better between manager and employee o Scientific Management Theory 

Bethlehem Steel Corporation the amount of material shoveled per day increased from 16 to 59 tons



Four tenants 

One best way to do every job found through scientific investigation o Always be developing new techniques for simple fast and easy work o time and motion studies: systematic observation analysis and measurement of the separate steps in performance of specific job for the purpose of establishing a standard time for each performance improving procedures and increasing productivity



proper selection of workers



importance of training of workers o selection then training then the very best are selected



there is inherent difference between management and workers, strict division of labor



summary: Taylors system is one in which scientific methods are used to determine the best way to do each job as well as

 communication in classical approach o oral  personal instructions  lectures / conferences  grape vine rumors

4

 interviews  face to face  telephone o written  rules instructions  letters memos  posters  bulletin notice boards  handbook manuals  annual reports  complaint procedures  both regularly practiced within organizations o form used depends on message, importance, implications to functional aspects of organization o communication like Fayol, Weber, Taylor  mechanical  rely on principles of standardization, specialization, and predictability  content  content within classical management organization task based  directions of communication flow  within classical management organization is downward o orders, rules, directives  channel  based on emphasis on performance of rules efficiency procedures o face to face, written, mediated channels  ie: handbooks o pervasive channel  style  formal and distant o does Fayol, Weber, Taylor work live on?

5

6...