DH 206 Review- Final Exam PDF

Preview

Summary

Final exam Topic Review for Pharmacology...

Description

Topic&Review&for&Pharmacology&(BOLD&areas&indicate&emphasis)& & Regulatory&agencies& • FDA$-$what$are$their$functions$and$goals& • DEA$–$function$and$goals& Drug&names:& o Chemical$/$Code$/Generic$/$Trade$ o Generic:$ §

Official$name$/given$by$whom$/$lower$case$/$ONLY$one$

§

FDA$role$$

o Trade:$ §

Given$by$whom$/$legal$ramification$/$more$than$ONE$/patent$

Prescriptions:$ o Superscription$/$inscription$/$subscription$/$signature$ o Know$basic$abbreviations$ o Know$the$difference$between$off$label$and$label$use$ Equivalent$measurements:$ o 1$lb$=$$$$$kg$ o 1$kg$=$$$$lbs$ o 1$teaspoon$=$$$$$ml$ o 1$oz$=$$$$$$ml$ Define:& •

Potency:&

•

Efficacy:&

•

Local$substances:$

•

Hormones:$

•

Neurotransmitters:$

•

Chemical&signaling:&

•

Nerve$transmission:$

•

Agonist:&

•

Basic&mechanism&of&actions&for&drugs:$ o Know&competitive,&non&competitive,&physiologic& o Routes$of$administration$ §

PO:$

•

§

Enteral:$

§

Rectal:$

§

IV:$

§

IM:$

§

SQ$or$SC:$

§

Intradermal:$

§

Inhalation:$

§

Topical:$

§

Intrathecal:$

Pharmacokinetics:$ o ADME$

•

Hypersensitivity:$ o Type$I$(what$is$latex$gloves):$ o Type$II$ o Type$III$ o Type$IV$

•

Drug&metabolism& o Active$vs$inactive$ o Define$2$phases:$ o Environmental&factors:& o Kidneys$role:$

•

Define:& o Lipid$solubility:$ o Define$two$forms$in$blood:$ o Ionization:$ o Absorption:$ o Distribution:$ §

Free$vs$bound$

o Redistribution:$ o Excretion:$ Adverse&effects& •

Side$effects/toxic$reaction/allergic$reaction/idiosyncratic/teratogen$

•

Drug$interactions:$

Autonomic&nervous&system& •

Sympathetic$neurotransmitters:$

•

Parasympathetic$neurotransmitters:$

•

Adrenal$medulla:$

•

Somatic$nervous$system:$

•

Define$&$give$examples:$ o Cholinergic$ o Parasympathomimetic:$ o Anticholinergic:$ §

Atropine$/scopolamine/$dicyclomine/$ipratropium/benzotropine$$

§

Pharmacologic$effects$

§

Adverse$reactions$

§

Contraindications$

§

$

o Sympathomimetic&(adrenergic&agonists):& §

Catecholamine$

§

Norepinephrine$

§

iosproterenol$

o Sympatholytic:$ o Miosis:$ o Parasympathetic$attributes:$ §

Define$SLUD:$

§

Contraindications$for$cholinergics:$

o Epinephrine&(adrenalin)&uses/side&effects/adverse&reactions:& §

Norepinephrine:$

§

Dopamine:$

§

Alpha$1$&$Alpha$2$

§

Beta&nonselective:$ •

Beta$1$&$Beta$2$

•

Uses$and$examples$for$beta$blockers:$

•

Name$two$neuromuscular$blocking$agents:$

o Name$an$antidote:$ o Anxiety$definition:$ §

Benzodiazepines$(examples)/metabolism/pharm/adverse$effects/interactions/uses$

§

Barbiturates$(examples)$/$pharm/$adverse$reactions/contraindications/interactions/uses$

§

Nonbenzodiazepines$(examples)$uses:$

o Muscle$relaxants$(uses/side$effects):$$ o Analgesics:& §

Rationale$for$use:$

§

Considerations:$ •

Salicylate:$

•

NSAIDs$(pharm/adverse$effects/instructions$to$pt.)$

•

ASA(adverse$reactions/toxicity$&$treatment/interactions:$

•

Acetaminophen$(uses/pharm/adverse$effect/toxicity/interactions:$

o Gout$(examples$of$anti-tx):$ o Opioid$analgesics$(examples):$ §

Endogenous&opiates:&&

§

Pharm:$

§

Adverse&effects/overdose/withdrawal/agonists&&&antagonists:&

o General$anesthesia$(properties/influenced$by/adverse$effects:& o Define:&

•

§

Amnesia/analgesia/conscious&sedation:&

§

Stages&of&anesthesia&(I/II/III/IV)&

§

Examples&of&inhalation&agents&

§

Examples&of&IV&agents:&

§

Dissociative$agent$(example):$

§

Propofol$uses:$

Bacterial&endocarditis&(define/why&critical):& o Risk&factors:& o Congenital&heart&disease:& o Conditions&NO&LONGER&requiring&premed:& o Procedures&requiring:& o Standard&prophylaxis&(adults/children):&

•

Antiinfective&agents&(define-$synergism/sensitivity/spectrum/resistance)& o Antibacterial:& o Antiviral&(examples/uses/SE/interactions):& §

HIV/AIDS&tx:&

o Antifungal&(examples/uses/SE/interactions):& o Bactericidal/vs.&bacteriostatic:&& o Penicillin&(examples&of&1st&and&2nd&gen):& §

Resistance:&

o Macrolides&(increased&levels&with?)& §

Erythromycin:$$

§

Clarithromycin/azithromycin:&

o Tetracycline&(dental,&side&effect/pregnancy&use/interactions/uses):& o Clindamycin$(class$by$itself-why):$ o Metronidazole$(uses/side$effect/beneficial$side$effects/interactions):$ o Cephalosporin$(examples/SE/$allergy$relation$to$PCN):$ o Quinolones$&$Fluoroquinolones$(examples/uses):$ o Anti$Tuberculosis$meds$(examples):$ •

Cardiovascular$drugs:$ o Antiarrhythmic&agents&(class&I-IV-examples&of&atrial&vs&ventral)& o Dental&factors:& o Antianginal$(example/uses):$ o CHF$ §

Digoxin:$

o Antihypertensive&agents$(examples/uses/SE/interactions/dental$implications/CLASSES)$

•

§

Diuretics:$

§

B&blockers&(olol):&

§

Ca2+&

§

ACE&inhibitor&(prils):&

§

Angiotensin&receptor&blocker:&

§

Antihyperlipidemic:&

§

Anticoagulant:&

Anticonvulsant&Drugs:& o Types$of$seizure$disorders:$

o Simple$vs.$complex$vs$partial:$ o Examples$of$drugs/adverse$reactions/specific$uses$ o Off$label$uses:$ •

Psychomotor/Psychiatric/Emotional$disorders:$ o Psychosis&(symptoms/therapy/antipsychotic&meds&used&–&new&&&older)& §

Pharmacologic$effects$

§

Adverse$reactions$

§

Define$extrapyramidal$effects:$

§

Side$effects$

o Affective$disorder$(symptoms/therapy/meds$used$–$new$&$older):$ o Neurosis:$ o Depression:$ §

Tricyclic(examples/uses):$

§

MAOI$(examples/interactions)$

§

SSRI$(examples/SE)$

§

Define$and$give$examples$of$atypical$antidepressants:$

§

Bipolar$disorder$tx:$ •

§ •

Lithium:$

ADD/ADHD$(examples$of$meds$use/off$market$use):$

Respiratory&drugs:& o Asthma&(drugs$used/define/examples/types):$ o COPD$(drugs$used/define/examples/types):$ §

Corticosteroid$(example/SE):$

§

B$agonist$(example/SE):$

§

LT$inhibitor$(example/SE):$

§

Mast$cell$inhibitor$(example/SE):$

§

Xanthines$(example/SE):$

§

Anticolinergics:$

o Drug&therapy&for&URI& §

Adrenergic$agonist$(examples/SE):$

§

Expectorant$(example/SE):$

§

Mucolytic$(example/SE):$

§

Antitussive$(example/SE):$

•

Gastrointestinal&drugs:& o Define&GERD$(examples$of$meds$used/symptoms/SE):$ o Define&Ulcer$(examples$of$meds$used/symptoms/SE):$ §

H2$blocker$(tidiness)$examples/MOA/uses/interactions):$

§

PPI$(define/examples$of$meds/SE):$

§

Antacids$(example/use)$

o Misc:$

•

§

Emetics&&&antiemetics&(example/SE):&

§

Anticholinergic$(example/SE):$

§

Antihistamines$(example/SE):$

Adrenocorticosteroids&(uses/example/SE):& o Addisons$vs$Cushings:$ o Corticosteroids$(use/example/SE):$ §

Natural$/$mineralcorticoid$/glucocorticoid:$

§

Dental&implications:$

o Define$adrenal$suppression:$ •

Endocrine:& o Pituitary$ §

Anterior&vs&posterior&(hormones&proiduced/effects)&

o Thyroid& §

T3$&$T4$

§

Role$of$iodine:$

§

Hashimoto&(define):&

§

Hyper&vs&hypo&tx:&

o Pancreas$$ §

Hormones&secreted&(uses):&

§

Diabetes:& •

Type&I&(tx/meds/management)&

•

Type&II&(tx/meds/management)&

•

Insulin&(types/onset):& o Short&/&intermediate/&long&acting:& o Hypoglycemia:&

o Sulfonylureas&(use/SE/examples)$ o Biguanides&(use/SE/examples)$ o Glucose$inhibitors:$ o Thaizolidinediones:$$ o New$antidiabetic$agents:$ •

Dental$Implications$(tx$record)$

o Sex$hormones:$

•

§

Testosterone:$

§

Estrogen:$

§

Progesterone:$

Allergic&rhinitis:& o Define&antihistamine&(uses/examples/actions/SE):&

•

Antineoplastic$agents:$ o Uses/actions/examples:$ o First$tissues$affected:$ §

Why?$

o Dental&implications:& •

Pregnancy$&$breastfeeding:$ o Pregnancy$classifications$(A/B/C/D/X):$ o Best$(safest)medications$for$use$in$pregnancy$&$breastfeeding:$

•

Drug$abuse:$ o Define$abuse/misuse/drug$dependence:$ o Examples&of&CNS&depressants&(examples&of&all):& §

Describe$alcohol-$side$effects/abuse/pharmacological$tx:$

§

Opioid-$abuse/side$effects/tx:$

§

Sedative$hypnotics-$abuse/side$effects/tx$

§

CNS$stimulants-$abuse/side$effects/tx$

§

Caffeine-$side$effects$

§

Tobacco-$abuse/side$effects/tx$

§

•

Nicotine$effects/withdrawal:$

•

Marijuana$effects$

Psychedelics$...