Environmental Sciences Study Plan PDF

Preview

Summary

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESI. History of Environmental Thought: - Environment and SustainableDevelopment, History of Environmental Movements, Industrial and AgricultureRevolution, United Nations Conference on Human Environment 1972, Our CommonFuture 1987, Rio Summit 1992, Agenda 21, World Summit on Susta...

Description

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES I.

History of Environmental Thought:- Environment and Sustainable Development, History of Environmental Movements, Industrial and Agriculture Revolution, United Nations Conference on Human Environment 1972, Our Common Future 1987, Rio Summit 1992, Agenda 21, World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Millennium Development Goals. 

   

What is the Importance of the Report “Our Common Future” in the history of Environmental Movement? What common threats were identified in the report and what measures were suggested for the sustainability of the earth system? (2016) Discuss and comment on the social and economic dimensions of Agenda 21 (2017) Write the main principles of Rio Summit 1992. (2020) Enlist the conventions and treaties passed in Agenda 21 (2020) What is green revolution? Give a brief account of green revolution in Pakistan. (2020)

‘

II. Sustainable Development Issues :- Population growth, Poverty, Biodiversity loss and its Conservation, Energy security (energy conservation and alternative energy resources), Urbanization and sustainable cities, Carrying capacity and ecological footprint. Food security and sustainable agriculture. Ecological restoration.    

Discuss in detail the Environmental Implications of Demographic factors. Elaborate the consequences of each Environmental Implication. (2016) What is the relation between poverty and food security? (2017) Write a detail note on Alternative Energy Resources. (2018) What are the Environmental Impacts on food production? (2018)

III. Interdisciplinary nature of Environmental Science :-Orientation on convergence of various social and natural sciences to evolve a new discipline of environmental science: Environmental Biology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Physics, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Economics,(interrelationship3) Environmental Geology, Environmental Geography, Environmental Biotechnology, Environmental Sociology. 

   

Do you believe that Genders play their roles differently in Environmental Management and Conservation? Discuss in detail the concept of “Ecofeminism” from international and national perspective taking into consideration the gendered rights to resources. (2016) What is genetic engineering or biotechnology and how it may affect the agriculture and the environment? (2017) Write a note on Environmental Geology. (2018) Discuss the dose response relationship in Environmental Toxicology. (2020) Define Environmental Economics and explain briefly the interrelationship between Environment and Economics. (2020)

0

0

IV. Environmental Pollution :-Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil Pollution, Noise Pollution, Solid Waste, Water Logging & Salinity, Deforestation, Desertification, Eutrophication, Global and regional air pollution problems (Greenhouse effect, Global Warming/Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, Acid Rain). 

 

 

  





   

How the hazardous material is defined, identified and differentiated from the toxic material? Explain the environmental problems and health risks linked with the hazardous waste. (2017) What stands for CERCLA and why it is related with hazardous waste? (2017) Which of the GHGs are the most significant contributors to the global warming? How do they work? And what mitigation steps could be taken to stabilize the GHG content of the atmosphere? (2017) How do forest burning and land clearing affect the global climate? (2017) What is meant by smog? Explain the main causes of smog in Punjab. Summarise the effect of key meteorological factors on dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. (2018) Elaborate the concept of greenhouse effect and its importance to global climate. (2018) How is hazardous waste classified? What are the various options for handling hazardous waste? (2019) Eutrophication is a phenomena caused by the abnormal growth of algae in a water body. What are the reasons of algal bloom and how can this phenomenon be controlled? (2019) Pakistan is located in a semi arid region of the world, hence is more prone to climate change effects. Explain what adaptation measures will be feasible in the situations of worst climate change in regions like Pakistan? (2019) What are the five major air pollutants coming out of fire burning process? Smog formation occurs due to certain air pollutants. What means and ways can be used for its control? (2019) Write the physico chemical parameters of waste water and also explain waste water treatment technologies. (2020) Define and explain the Eutrophication of water body. (2020) Discuss briefly noise pollution. (2020) Discuss the solid waste disposal technique. (2020)

Sources: Environmental Science Working with the Earth, Chapter 17,16,14,11

V. Climate Change:- Climate Pattern at local, regional and global scale. Different

0

0

types of climate including tropical and mid latitude climate, polar climates. Climate change processes, Drivers and Indicators of Climate Change, Effects of Climate Chang on natural and societal systems. Carbon foot print. Climate change adaptation and mitigation, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), REDD+. Global environmental politics on climate change: role of India, China and USA (Copenhagen Accord 2009). 

       

How Technological Development leads to Climate Change and consequent change in Natural and Societal Systems? Also furnish possible adaptation options to Climate Change.(2016) What do you understand by climate and microclimate? (B) How do forest burning and land clearing affect the global climate? (C) What impact would changing climate have on the ‘ecosystem in general’ and ‘coastal environment in particular’? (2017) What are drivers and indicators of Climate Change and how they effects the natural and societal system. (2017) What do you understand by climate and microclimate? (2017) What are the various mechanisms involved in atmospheric SO2 removal? (2019) Discuss the major outcomes of Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM). (2020) Write in detail the effect of climate change on natural and societal systems. (2020)

VI. Environmental Governance :- Policy, legal and institutional frameworks for governance of environment in Pakistan: National Conservation Strategy of 1992, National Environmental Policy Act of Pakistan 2005, Environmental Protection Act of 1997, Pak-EPA (Review of IEE/EIA) Regulations 2000, Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005, Pollution Charge Rules, Sample Rules, Solid Waste Management Plan 2005, Hazardous Substances Rules 2005, National Drinking Water Policy 2009, Sanitation Policy, National Climate Change Policy 2012. What are the salient features of the Environmental Policy of Pakistan? Discuss if pertinent laws and institutions are existent and justifiably effective.(2016) What are the key factors of National Climate Change Policy 2012? (2018) Write a brief note on National Drinking Water Policy 2009. (2018) Discuss in detail the Hospital Waste Management codes of Practice. (2020)

VII. Global initiatives:- Brief on some of the Multilateral Environmental Agreements ratified by Pakistan, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Wetlands of International

0

0

Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC, Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). 

 

What are salient requirements of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? Why there was a need for supplementary Kyoto Protocol? Elaborate the controversies associated with the protocol. (2016) Discuss the global efforts that are currently in place to protect our ozone shield. What evidence is there that such efforts have been effective? (2017) Trace the political history of UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. Do you think that the UNFCCC (2015) conference in Paris was the next step in reaching an agreement on climate change? (2017)

VIII. Environmental Assessment and Management :-Environmental Impact Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14000), Occupational Health & Safety management systems (OHSAS 18000), Participatory Approaches to Environmental Management, Technological Approaches to Environmental Management, Approaches to Solid Waste Management, Disaster Risk Management, Pollution Control Technologies, Geographic Information System & Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Management. 

 

 

 

Do you believe that Genders play their roles differently in Environmental Management and Conservation? Discuss in detail the concept of “Ecofeminism” from international and national perspective taking into consideration the gendered rights to resources. (2016) Discuss Briefly some Common Types Occupational Health & Safety Hazards. (2018) Give a brief about Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedural stages? In the context of EIA, what type of information is gathered when establishing a baseline? (2018) Describe and differentiate between stated and revealed preferences methods used for valuing the environmental resources. (2019) What is the importance of public participation in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process? What is the difference between EIA and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)? (2019) What are technological approaches to Environmental management? (2020) What are main steps of conduction Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)? (2020)

0

0...