Ernst Neufert ARCHITECTS' DATA PDF

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Ernst Neufert ARCHITECTS' DATA Second (International) English Edition General editor VincentJones Editorial consultant George Atkinson OBE BAArch) RIBA USA editor Wm Dudley Hunt Jr BScBArch FAIA Editor JohnThackara Deputy editor Richard Miles b Blackwell Science This document contains 447 pages ...

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Ernst Neufert

ARCHITECTS' DATA Second (International) English Edition

General editor VincentJones Editorial consultant George Atkinson OBE BAArch) RIBA USA editor Wm Dudley Hunt Jr BScBArch FAIA Editor JohnThackara Deputy editor Richard Miles

b Blackwell Science

This document

L

contains

447

pages

© 1980by

Blackwell Science Ltd Editorial Offices: Osney Mead, Oxford 0X2 OEL 25 John Street, London WC1 N 2BL 23 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh EH3 6AJ 350 Main Street, Maiden MA 02148 5018,USA 54 UniversityStreet, Canton Victoria 3053,Australia 10, rue Casimir Delavigne 75006 Paris, France Other Editorial Offices: Blackwell Wissenschafts-Venlag GmbH Kurfurstendamm57 10707 Berlin, Germany Blackwell Science KK MG Koderimacho Building 7—10 Kodenmacho Nihombashi Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan All rightsreserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designsand Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First English language edition published by Crosby Lockwood Staples 1970 Reprinted 1973, 1975,1977, 1978(twIce) Second (International) English Edition first published in Great Britain 1980by Granada Publishing Ltd Reprinted (with minor amendments)1981 Reprinted 1982, 1984 Reissuedin paperback by Collins Professional and Technical Books 1985 Reprinted by BSP Professional Books 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Reprinted by Blackwell Science 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Original German edition published by Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, Wiesbaden,as Bauentwurfslehre Printed and bound in Great Britain at the Alden Press Limited, Oxford and Northampton The Blackwell Science logo is a trade markof Blackwell Science Ltd, registered at the United Kingdom Trade Marks Registry

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Marston Book Services Ltd P0 Box 269 Abingdon Oxon OX14 4YN (Orders Tel: 01235 465500 Fax: 01235465555) USA

Blackwell Science, Inc. Commerce Place 350 Main Street Maiden, MA 021485018 (Orders: Tel: 800 759 6102 781 388 8250 Fax: 781 388 8255) Canada Copp ClarkProfessional 200 Adelaide Street, West, 3rd Floor Toronto, Ontario M5H 1W7 (Orders: Tel: 416 597-1616 800 815-9417 Fax: 416 597-1617) Australia Blackwell Science Pty Ltd

54 University Street Carlton, Victoria 3053 (Orders: Tel: 3 9347 0300 Fax: 393475001) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Neufert, Ernst, Architect's data.—2nd (international) English ed. 1. Architectural design: Technical data. I. Title II. Jones, Vincent, Ill Thackara, John IV. Miles, Richard 721'.0212 ISBN 0-632-02339-2

V

Contents Flats & apartments

ix

Contributors

x

Acknowledgements

89

xi

Foreword

90 Access

xii

Howto use the book

91

Fire precautions

xiii

Abbreviations

92

Internal planning

94

Point blocks

96

Duplex & triplex sections

BASIC DATA Human scale in architecture

99

3 Drawing sheets

100

6 Drawing practice 9 Proportions Dimensions & space requirements

Privategarages

Gardens 104 Siting & layout

16 Thermal comfort

105 Soil preparation

17 Visual efficiency

& acoustics

19 Access & circulation 20 Roadways/parking 25 Lighting 27

Shared accommodation

103 Enclosures

15 Quality of air

18 Pattern & texture/noise

97 Internal access 98 Stepped houses

2 UseofSlunits

11

Building types

106 Pergolas/paths/equipment 108

Trees/shrubs

109 Water 110 Gardens for disabled/rock gardens/roof gardens! floodlighting

Daylight

111

Garden structures

33 Sunlight

112

Indoor gardens/roof gardens

113

Water lily & fish pools

COMMUNITY

114

Swimming pools

Houses

115

Private indoor pools

117

Domestic sauna

38

Design/organisation/orientation

41

Access

44 Standards & regulations

Education

45 Relationship to otherbuildings 47 Thehouseplan

118

Schools: principles

119

Early school

55 Kitchens

120 Rural schools

61

Bathrooms

121

Middle age range

66 Public rooms

123 Olderagerange

70 Bedrooms

127 Boarding schools

73 Storage 76 Security/privacy

129 Media centres

77 Privateopen space 78 Adaptable houses

134 Colleges: lecture rooms

79 Underground houses 80 Energy saving houses

139 Drawing studios

82 Housing old people 85 Housing disabled

142 Dining rooms

88 Balconies

145 Libraries

130 Furniture

137 Schools ofart, design, drama,music

140 Student hostels

143 Youth hostels

vi

Contents Hospitals 149

Health services structure

150 Modular design 151

Means of escape/fire protection

Restaurants 202 Planning factors 203 Space allowance 204 Table sizes

153 Design/building configurations

205 Snack bars

154 Ward design

206 Drive-in

156 Nurse working rooms

207 Using minimum space: restaurantcars

& self-service

158 Ward design data/geriatric 160 Maternity 161

Paediatric& children

Hotels 208 Types

162 Longstay

209 Flowdiagram

164 Psychiatric centres

210 Plan forms

165 Ward upgrading

211

166 Outpatients

212 Frontof house

168 Accident & emergency

213

169 Radiology

215 Administration

171

216 Guest bedrooms

Operating

Public rooms Kitchens & food stores

173 Intensive care

218 Building services

174 Cardiac surgical/transplant/limb fitting

219 Motels

175 Burns/physical medicine

221

176 Laboratories

224 Public houses

Convention hotels

177 Pharmacy/libraries 178 Non-residentstaffchanging

Office buildings

179 Offices/supply

225 Building type

180 Housekeeping

226 Definition of office areas

181

Community health care

227 Types of officeshell 228 Core

Religion

230 Relationships

182 Churches

231

185 Mosques

232 Services

186 Synagogues

233 lnternalenvironment

187 Crematoria/mortuaries

234 Construction

COMMERCE

235 Space standards 236 Special area requirements

Shops &stores 188 Situation 189 Movement between floors/service details 191

Windows

Means of escape

237 Spaces for meetings 239 Furniture 241

Storage

243 Equipment

192 Fire/boutiques 193 Food shops

Banks

195 Chemist/men'swear/shoes/fashion fabrics

245 General/customer services/drive-in

196 Self-service

247 Examples

197

Supermarkets

198

Hypermarkets

Vehicleservices

199

Shopping centres& precincts

248 Car parks

vii

Contents 251

Multi-storey car parks

253 Petrol stations 255 Bus parks

302 Beef cattle housing 303 Pigs: basic data 305 Pigs: management

257 Rail station passengerdetails

306 Pigs: rearing & fattening 307 Sheep: housing

Airports

308 Sheep: handling/poultry housing

258

Planningsequence

309

259

Runways/taxiways/ferminals

260

Flow & functions

310 Small domestic animals: doves/rabbits/dogs/small poultry houses

261

Baggage handling/aircraftparking

311

262 Catering/aircraft maintenance/airfreight

Poultry: space requirements

Kennels/beehouses/ducks/geese

312 Crop storage: grass/straw/hay/potatoes 313 Crop storage: grain 314

Machinery & implement storage

INDUSTRY Industrial buildings

LEISURE

263 Site selection/site development

Sport 315 Stadia: general design

264 Basicbuilding types/selection strategy 266

Factorybuilding types

269 Warehouses

316 Stadia: sightlines/traffic 317 Stadia: terraces/grandstand

273

Site layout

275

Industrial parks

318 Sport centres 320 Sport halls:use of undivided space

276

Building environment

322 Outdoor: pitches

277

Planning for fire control

324 Outdoor: athletics

278

Environmental compartmentation/workplace design

325 Indoor: pitches

280 Hygiene

326 Indoor: pitches/athletics tracks

282

Loading bays

327 Indoor: athletics training

284

Rail-served buildings

328 Indoor: sports needing own space

285 Workshops 288 Workshop equipment space

329 Swimming: indoorpools 333 Swimming: openair pools

289 Workshop examples 290 Workshop design factors

334 Swimming: divingpool dimensions 335 Swimming: slipperbaths/showers 336 Swimming: pool changing rooms

Laboratories

338 Sauna planning

291

339 Tennis

Classification/planning principles/space requirements

292 Services distribution/disposal systems/storage 293 Special requirements/related spaces/finishes

340 Ski jumping slopes 341

Ski lumping slopes/icerinks

342

Ice rinks/roller skating rinks

Farmbuildings 294 Human welfare/cattle: basicdata

343 Golf

295 Cattle: waste production & disposal

346 Marinas

344 Equitation

296 Cattle: straw-bedded pens/cubicles/calf pens 297 Cattle: calf pens/feeding

Theatres & Cinemas

298 Cattle: feeding/watering/ventilation/handling

348 Theatre regulation/organisation

299 Cattle handling/milking

349 Sight lines 350 Auditorium

301

Cattle: bull pens/dairy cowhousing

viii

Contents 351

Seating

Lighting

352 Stage tower 353 Multiform

398

354 Cinema techniques/seating/multiple auditoria

400

355 Cloakrooms/projection rooms 356 General layout/lighting systems/heating/ventilation/use

Doors &windows

General/building lighting/glare

399 Task lighting/light sources/emergency lighting/outdoor Integration of electric lighting & daylighting

of 16mm 357 Screen & sound systems

401

Doors: dimensions/fire safety/flow capacity/disabled persons

358

402

Doors: industrial types

Drive-in cinemas

403 Windows: coordinatingsizes

Museums

404 Windows: positioning/safety & accessfor cleaning

359

Rooms/general layout

405 Windows: basic types/selection check list/ventilation!

360

Lighting

361

Examples

COMPONENTS asurement 363 Introduction

double glazing

406 Windows: shading devices Corridors stairselevators 407 Walking speeds/corridor capacity/rampsfor disabled! waiting areas

364 Conversion factors

408 Stairs: tread & rise proportions/regulations/fire escape! stairs for disabled

366 Conversion tables

409 Escalatordimensions & traffic capacity/passenger conveyors

Materials 382

Building materials physical characteristics

410 Elevator dimensions 411

Elevator traffic capacity/paternosters

412 Elavators for disabled/planning

Services 383

Distribution

385

Methods of heating

386

Heating systems

392 Ventilation

REFERENCE

393 Thermal insulation

413 Bibliography

395 Sound insulation

429

Index

ix

Contributors ErnstNeufert

Professor Technische Hochschule Darmstadt Ernst Neufert, born in 1900, in 1919 became the first student of architecture at the Bauhaus in Weimar. He left at the end of 1920 for a study tour in southern Europe but before long Gropius called him back as his assistant. In 1924 he became technical director of the Bauhaus officesin Weimar and then manager ofthe Gropiusworkshop during the rebuilding of the Bauhaus in Dessau' and alsotaught in the department ofarchitecture atthe Bauhaus. In 1926 he became professor and director of the department of architectureat the newlyfounded Building Technical College in Weimar and shortly afterwards assistant director of the construction department. In 1930 he moved to Berlin to become head of the department of architecture at Itten, a private school of art, and started to workas a free-lance industrial architect. It was in Berlin that he brought outin 1936 the first edition of Bauentwurfslehre.

Following the war he was co-founder and member of the board of directors of the Bund Deutscher Architekten (Federation of German Architects), was appointed professor at Darmstadf Polytechnic and director ofthe Institute forStandardisation (Institut fur Baunormung)and continued toworkalso as free-lance industrial architect. Professor Neufert has lectured in many cities, suchas Graz, Belgrade, Skople, Thessaloniki, Athens, Istanbul, Beirut, Karachi,Rangoon, Hong Kong, inJapan's major citiesand at Neutrain Los Angelesand FLWright inTaliesin West Arizona.

He is honorary member of the Real Academica de Ciencias y Artes Barcelona and of the Royal Institute of British Architects, honorary professor and doctor at the University of Lima, Peru. He has been awarded the German Merit Cross with star, as well as various other German and foreign honours

Ernst Neufert's other works include Bauordnungslehre (1943) and lndustriebauten (1973).

UK contributors

USA contributors

Peter Ackroyd Dip Arch (Poly)Reg Arch TheSports Council AG Aldersley-Williams MArch(MIT) RIBA Engineering Design Consultants Norman SAllanson Des RCA FSIAD John SBonnington Partnership DerekWArnold ARIBA Nadine Beddington FRIBA FSIAD (assisted by DermotO'Brien FSIAD) Robin G Booth MA MSc Dip Arch RIBA MRTPI John SBonnington Partnership Jan PetrCermák-z-Uhrinova BSc(Hons) TEng(CEI)MIAgrE Scottish Farm Building Investigation Unit J B Collins BSc(Eng) CEng MIEE FCIBS DrFrancis Duffy ARIBA DuffyEley Giffone Worthington JolyonV P Drury MA(Cantab) DipArch RIBA MIMH Jolyon Drury Consultancy Nelson Foley RIBA ChiefArchitect Trust House Forte JA Godfrey ARIBA David Jenkin DuffyEley Giffone Worthington Eva M Jiricna DipI Eng Arch RIBA Louis Soissons Partnership Geraint John DipArch(UCL) RIBA TheSports Council Geoffrey Jones BArch(Lvpl) Olwen C Marlowe ARIBA Dip LD(Dunelm) DipTP(Birm) David LMedd OBEHon DSc ARIBA Department ofEducation & Science Mary B Medd OBE ARIBA Department ofEducation& Science AlanMorgan DipArch RIBA DermotO'Brien FSIAD G J P O'Neill Robert Payne DuffyEleyGiffone Worthington Elizabeth Phillips DipArch RWA ARIBA Dennis Sharp MA AA DipI RIBA Deyan Sudjic BSc DipArch Dr Martin Symes MA Dip Arch(Cantab) AA Planning Dip RIBA Richard E Theakston Dip Arch RIBA JohnSBonnington Partnership PR Tregenza BArch MBdgSc PhD RIBA MCIBS R EVickers DLCCEng MICE British LiftStab Ltd David Whitham MA(Cantab) AA Dipi

Peter Frink BArch MScMFA Principal !rink BeuchatArchitects Walter Hart AlA Architect Wm Dudley HuntJr BSc BArch FAIA Margaret K Hunter BAAlA Architect Edgar H Hunter BABArch AlA Architect Robert T Packard BArch AlA Director AlA Documents/Architectural Graphic Standards Division MimiFord Paul BA BSArch Architect Bradford Perkins SeniorVice President & GeneralManager Perkins & WillArchitects

8

x

Acknowledgements The Editors and the Publishers acknowledge with sincere thanks the kind help and information provided by many individuals and organisationsduringthe preparation of this work. The Publishers have made everyefforttoestablish and properly acknowledge thecopyright owners ofthe drawings and plans used in this book and wishtoapologiseforany unintentional omissions that may have been made. Should any otner acknowledgements be necessary the publishers will be happy todo so whenthe book is reprinted. Theworksof individual architects are acknowledgedthroughout thetext but particular thanks are also due to: HenryDreyfuss Associates forFig. 2 on page 9; TheArchitecturalPress forFig. 1 onpage19and Figs1 and 2onpage22; SunsetBooks for Fig. 4 on page 77; The Architectural Press for Figs 1-9 on page83, Fig. 1 on page 84, and Fig. 5on page86; SunsetBooks for Figs 5 and 6on page 113 and for Figs 6-11 on page 114; Moriyama and Teshima for Fig. 4on page 146; Ahrends Burton and Koralek for Fig. 2 on page 148; Powell Moya and Partners forFig. 3 on page 150; Watkins Gray Woodgate International (UK) forFig. 1 on page 155; R. Seifert and Partnersfor Fig. 5on page 157; The Nuffield Foundationfor Fig. 1 on page 161; Robert Matthew, Johnson-Marshalland PartnersforFig. 2onpage 161; George TrewDunn Beckles Willson Bowes for Fig. 1 on page 167; Wilson and Wilson for Fig. 2 on page168; Robert Matthew, Johnson-Marshalland PartnersforFig. 2onpage 171; The Oxford Regional HealthAuthority for Fig. 5 onpage172; Donald A. Goldfinch Associates for Fig. 1 on page 175; South East Thames Regional HealthAuthority for Fig. 1 on page 176; The Nuffield Foundationfor Fig. 2 on page 176; MehmetKonuralp for Fig. 3on page 192; Isabe lieHebeyfor Fig. 4 on page 192;

The Architectural Press for Fig. 2 on page 198; The National Playing Fields Association for Fig. 1 on page 322 and Figures on pages 323—4; The Architectural Press for Figs. 1, 4and 5 on page346 and forFigs 2-4, 7 and 8 on page 347; Progressive Architecture for Fig. 3on page 361. The following are reproduced by permission ofthe Building Directorate, Scottish Development Department: Fig. 1 on page82, Figs 10and 11 on page83, Fig. 2 on page84 and Figs 1-4and 6-8 on page86; Fig. 1 on page 148 is reprinted fromArchitectural Record September 1976 © 1976, by McGraw-Hill, Inc., with all rights reserved; Fig. 2 onpage155 is reproduced with thepermission of theController of Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Fig. 1 on page 162 is reprinted with permission from the American Health Care Associatio...