Exam 2018, questions and answers PDF

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1)

1) Visceral reflex arcs do NOT control: B) blood pressure. D) digestion.

C) heart rate.

2) Sally sustained damage to some autonomic ganglia. What part of the visceral reflex arc is interrupted? A) initiation of a motor impulse in the central nervous system (CNS) B) integration C) sensory reception

2)

3) Autonomic motor neurons do NOT innervate:

3) B) glands. D) smooth muscle cells.

C) cardiac muscle cells. 4) Somatic motor neurons innervate: A) skeletal muscle cells. C) glands.

4) B) smooth muscle cells.

5) Control of skeletal muscle is the responsibility of: A) a preganglionic neuron.

5) B) a postganglionic neuron. D) a somatic motor neuron.

6) Where are autonomic ganglia located? A) spinal cord C) peripheral nervous system (PNS)

6) B) brain

7) Where does the cell body of the preganglionic neuron originate? A) postganglionic neuron B) target cell D) central nervous system (CNS)

7)

8) What is found between the preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc? B) spinal cord C) autonomic ganglion D) target cell

8)

9) Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

9)

B) cranial nerves and the sacral region of the spinal cord C) cranial nerves and the lumbar region of the spinal cord D) cervical region and sacral region of the spinal cord

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10) Which division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) promotes homeostasis when the body is engaged in any type of physical work? B) sensory nervous system C) somatic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system

10)

11) As Lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. Which nervous system division dominated when she was startled awake? A) parasympathetic nervous system B) somatic nervous system D) sensory nervous system

11)

12) Which of the following innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? A) somatic motor neuron B) autonomic ganglion C) preganglionic neuron

12)

13) Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes the vagus nerves, which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera? A) sympathetic nervous system B) sensory nervous system C) somatic nervous system

13)

14) After eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy. Which nervous system dominates and is often called our "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? B) somatic nervous system C) systemic nervous system D) sympathetic nervous system

14)

15) Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system? A) somatic nervous system C) central nervous system D) sensory nervous system

15)

16) What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems share in common? A) Both systems trigger the same motor response in target organs. . C) Both systems are called the "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). D) Both systems have short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons.

16)

17) Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate in the: . B) sympathetic chain ganglion. C) gray rami communicantes. D) collateral ganglion.

17)

18) Gene's parachute did not open when he jumped out of the airplane. He injured his back in the thoracic and lumbar regions, damaging the autonomic ganglia found close to his spinal cord. What neurons did he likely damage? A) somatic motor neurons B) parasympathetic preganglionic neurons D) sympathetic postganglionic neurons

18)

19) What do the white rami communicantes contain? A) sympathetic chain ganglia C) postganglionic sympathetic neurons

19) B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons D) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

2

b

20) What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron? B) adrenalin C) epinephrine D) norepinephrine

20)

21) Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as: A) cholinergic. C) muscarinic.

21) D) nicotinic.

22) If a drug is administered to block the heart's adrenergic receptors, how is heart rate affected during exercise? A) The heart will stop beating. B) The drug has no effect on heart rate during exercise.

22)

D) Heart rate will increase in response to the drug. 23) What effect does a β 2 agonist have on the diameter of respiratory passages?

23)

A) The diameter of the respiratory passageways will decrease first, and then increase. B) The diameter of the respiratory passageways will decrease. C) The drug will have no effect on passageway diameter.

24)

24) Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as: B) alpha.

C) adrenergic.

D) beta.

25) Which receptor hyperpolarizes the axon terminal to slow or cancel the action potential when norepinephrine binds? A) β 3 receptor B) α1 receptor C) β 2 receptor α

25)

26) Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as:

26) B) adrenergic receptors. D) alpha receptors.

C) beta receptors.

27) Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful in treating: A) opiate withdrawal. . C) asthma. D) benign prostatic hyperplasia.

27)

28) Which drug binds receptors on the smooth muscle of airways and causes bronchodilation? β B) α1-blocker (antagonist)

28)

C) beta-blocker (antagonist)

D) α2-agonist

29) A drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac muscle cells. This drug probably binds to: A) nicotinic cholinergic receptors. B) β 2 receptors. C) α1 receptors. β

29)

30) What receptor present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to digestive and urinary organs binds norepinephrine? α B) α2 receptor C) β 1 receptor D) β 2 receptor

30)

3

31) Stimulation of α 1 receptors present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to the skin by norepinephrine results in: A) sweating. B) bronchodilation. D) vasodilation.

31)

32) A drug known as a beta-blocker should primarily affect: A) sweating. C) bronchodilation. D) dilation of the pupils.

32)

33) During sympathetic nervous system activity, what is NOT an effect of norepinephrine? A) Glucose is broken down from glycogen. B) The pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon. C) Lipids are broken down from adipocytes.

33)

34) To increase sweat production from sweat glands, acetylcholine binds: A) muscarinic receptors. B) beta receptors. C) adrenergic receptors. D) nicotinic receptors.

34)

35) The adrenal medulla serves to supplement:

35)

B) the somatic nervous system. C) the parasympathetic nervous system. D) both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 36)

36) What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla? B) somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system C) parasympathetic nervous system and endocrine system D) parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system 37) Which nervous system dilates the pupils and allows more light to enter the eyes? B) parasympathetic nervous system C) sensory nervous system D) sympathetic nervous system

37)

38) Which neurotransmitter ensures skeletal muscles receive the supply of nutrients needed to make ATP by stimulating the release of more fatty acids and glucose into the blood stream? A) epinephrine B) acetylcholine C) aldosterone

38)

39) What best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

39) .

B) The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for physical activity. C) The parasympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" system. D) The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations. 40) The axons of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are: t. B) situated within terminal ganglia. C) found close to the spinal cord. D) long.

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40)

41) Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in the parasympathetic nervous system? A) vagus nerve (CN X) B) facial nerve (CN VII) al nerve (CN XII) D) oculomotor nerve (CN III)

41)

42) Which plexus is NOT served by the vagus nerve? A) cardiac plexus C) pulmonary plexus

42) B plexus D) esophageal plexus

43) Damage to the splanchnic nerves would affect functioning of the: A) lungs. B) heart. C) eye.

43) er.

44) Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located? A) near the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron B) close to the brain

44)

D) close to the spinal cord 45) What organ is served by the parasympathetic sacral nerves? B) heart C) lungs D) esophagus

45)

46) Due to an accident, Lori's sacral nerves are severed. What do you expect to be affected by this injury? A) production of saliva B) heart and lungs

46)

D) blood pressure and heart rate 47)

47) What does the vagus nerve (CN X) innervate? A) blood vessels

B) adipocytes D) sweat glands

48) What type of receptor is located in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells? A) nicotinic receptor C) beta receptor D) alpha receptor

48)

49) What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons at their synapses? A) norepinephrine B) epinephrine D) both epinephrine and norepinephrine

49)

50) Maddie planned to go for a swim after dinner. But, after a large meal, she decided to rest rather than swim. What neurotransmitter promotes rest by binding muscarinic receptors after her meal? A) adrenalin B) norepinephrine D) epinephrine

50)

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51) What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on heart rate? A) increases heart rate

51)

C) at first decreases, then increases heart rate D) no effect on heart rate 52) The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the eye for: A) age-related deterioration. B) distance vision. C) changing light levels.

52)

53) Which of the following is NOT an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system? A) constriction of the pupil B) bronchoconstriction C) decreased heart rate

53)

54) Decreased parasympathetic stimulation could cause: A) frequent urination. B) a slow heart rate. D) a dry mouth.

54)

55) What receptor is found in the membranes of all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons? A) muscarinic B) alpha C) nicotinic

55)

56) Which system works opposite to the sympathetic nervous system? B) somatic nervous system C) sensory nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system

56)

57) What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times? B) somatic control C) parasympathetic tone D) cerebral cortex control

57)

58) Which nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute? A) somatic nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system D) central nervous system

58)

59) What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions? A) cerebellum B) pineal gland

59)

d

D) occipital lobe

60) Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, referred to as: A) sympathetic tone. B) parasympathetic tone. C) antagonism.

60)

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 61) The somatic motor division consists of somatic motor neurons that innervate cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle cells.

61)

62) The sympathetic nervous system has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons, with the sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord.

62)

63) The parasympathetic nervous system is often known as the "rest and digest" division of the ANS. 6

63)

f t t

t 64) Sympathetic chain ganglia extend from the superior cervical ganglion to the inferior sacral ganglion.

64)

65) Alpha and beta receptors are classified as cholinergic receptors.

65)

66) Acetylcholine binds α1 receptors on the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels serving the organs of the digestive, urinary, and integumentary systems and causes them to contract.

66)

67) The basic function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to maintain homeostasis when the body is at rest.

67)

68) The sympathetic nervous system, or craniosacral division, involves four cranial nerves and sacral nerves S2 - S4.

68)

69) Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine at their synapses.

69)

70) Ejaculation is accomplished by the parasympathetic nervous system.

70)

71) Most organs experience dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

71)

72) The reticular formation can exercise control over autonomic centers if its connection with the hypothalamus is severed.

72)

f f

t f t f t t

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following with the effects of the sympathetic nervous system or parasympathetic nervous system. 73) Increased heart rate

A) sympathetic nervous system

74) Contraction of digestive tract smooth muscle

B) parasympathetic nervous system

a 73)

b 74)

b

75) Relaxation of the urinary sphincter

75)

a

76) Vasoconstriction of blood vessels

76)

b

77) Secretion of saliva

77)

a

78) Increased secretion from sweat glands

78)

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Match the following to the correct receptor. 79) Located in the plasma membranes of cardiac muscle cells

A) muscarinic receptor

c 79)

B) alpha receptor 80) Located in the membranes of all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

C) beta receptor

d 80)

D) nicotinic receptor

b

81) Found on arrector pili muscles in the dermis

81)

82) Found in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells

82)

a

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 83) Discuss the target cells of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. 84) Explain where the cell bodies of the preganglionic neuron and the postganglionic neuron are located in the autonomic motor pathway. 85) Explain why the sympathetic nervous system is often call the "fight or flight" division of the ANS. 86) Briefly explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in maintaining homeostasis. 87) Explain the three places where a preganglionic sympathetic neuron may synapse with a postganglionic sympathetic neuron. 88) List the two classes of sympathetic receptors and the neurotransmitter(s) each binds. 89) Pauline takes a medication known as a β-blocker to decrease the rate and force of contraction of her heart. Predict the neurotransmitter this medication prevents from binding and determine the specific type of β receptor being blocked by this medication. 90) Determine the effects of norepinephrine when its binds receptors on blood vessels serving smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. 91) Summarize the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in maintaining homeostasis. 92) Discuss the specific nerves involved in the parasympathetic nervous system. 93) Explain where the two types of cholinergic receptors are located in the parasympathetic nervous system pathway. 94) Explain the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on cardiac muscle cells. 95) Explain the concept of autonomic tone.

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96) Heidi arrived home after a long walk with her dog and found that her mom had dinner ready. Why do you think she is not very hungry? 97) Skyler takes a medication for asthma, known as a β 2 agonist, to cause bronchodilation. Determine why this drug should have no effect on his heart rate. 98) A patient was injected with medication that caused a fairly rapid decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. Determine the type of medication that was administered. 99) Although Christopher had spinal cord damage, his autonomic nervous system (ANS) was still able to maintain some control over his viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Which ANS division could still maintain some control? Explain. 100) Robin takes an anticholinergic drug to deal with her allergies. Explain why she often experiences constipation. 101) Determine how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems achieve homeostasis even though they work antagonistically.

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Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED14

1) A 2) D 3) A 4) A 5) D 6) C 7) D 8) C 9) A 10) A 11) C 12) D 13) D 14) A 15) B 16) B 17) A 18) C 19) B 20) A 21) B 22) C 23) D 24) A 25) D 26) A 27) B 28) A 29) D 30) A 31) C 32) B 33) D 34) A 35) A 36) A 37) D 38) D 39) A 40) A 41) C 42) B 43) D 44) C 45) A 46) C 47) C 48) B 49) C 50) C 10

Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED14

51) B 52) D 53) D 54) D 55) C 56) D 57) A 58) B 59) C 60) D 61) FALSE 62) TRUE 63) TRUE 64) TRUE 65) FALSE 66) FALSE 67) TRUE 68) FALSE 69) TRUE 70) FALSE 71) TRUE 72) TRUE 73) A 74) B 75) B 76) A 77) B 78) A 79) C 80) D 81) B 82) A 83) Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle cells for the somatic nervous system. Autonomic motor neurons innervate smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and glands. 84) The preganglionic neuron is the initial efferent neuron whose cell body resides within the CNS. The cell body of the postganglionic neuron resides within an autonomic ganglion in the PNS. 85) The sympathetic nervous system is often referred to as the "fight or flight" division of the ANS due to its role in preparing the body for emergency situations in which one may fight off an attack or flee from danger. This system prepares the body for physical activity associated with either the fight or the flight. 86) The sympathetic nervous system, or "fight or flight" division of the ANS, is responsible for preparing the body for emergency situations and physical activity. It is active when we experience emotion, or even during minor physical activities such as standing up. 87) A preganglionic sympathetic neuron may synapse with a postganglionic neuron in one of three ways: 1) The axon synapses with a postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic chain ganglion. 2) The axon descends or ascends and synapses with a postganglionic neuron in a different chain ganglion. 3) The axon passes through the chain ganglion and synapses with a postganglionic neuron in a collateral ganglion. 88) The two classes of sympathetic receptors are the cholinergic and adrenergic receptors. The neurotransmitter acetylcholi...