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EXPOSÉ ANGLAIS https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-perseverance-rover-sends-sneak-peek-of-marslanding NASA’s Perseverance Rover Sends Sneak Peek of Mars Landing

The six-wheeled robot delivered a first-of-its-kind image of the rover being lowered by its “jet pack” to the Martian surface while landing on Feb. 18. Less than a day after NASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance rover successfully landed on the surface of Mars, engineers and scientists at the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California were hard at work, awaiting the next transmissions from Perseverance. As data gradually came in, relayed by several (=plusieurs) spacecraft (=vaisseau spatial) orbiting the Red Planet, the Perseverance team were relieved (=soulagé) to see the rover’s health reports, which showed everything appeared to be working as expected. Adding to the excitement was a high-resolution image taken during the rover’s landing (=atterrissage). While NASA’s Mars Curiosity rover sent back a stop-motion movie of its descent, Perseverance’s cameras are intended to capture video of its touchdown and this new still image was taken from that footage, which is still being relayed to Earth and processed. Unlike with past rovers, the majority of Perseverance’s cameras capture images in color. After landing, two of the Hazard Cameras (Hazcams) captured views from the front and rear (=arrière) of the rover, showing one of its wheels in the Martian dirt. Perseverance got a closeup from NASA’s eye in the sky, as well: NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance. Orbiter, which used a special high-resolution camera to capture the spacecraft sailing into Jezero Crater, with its parachute trailing behind. The High Resolution Camera Experiment (HiRISE) camera did the same for Curiosity in 2012. JPL leads (=conduit) the orbiter’s mission, while the HiRISE instrument is led by the University of Arizona. Several pyrotechnic charges are expected to fire later on Friday, releasing Perseverance’s mast (=mât) (the “head” of the rover) from where it is fixed on the rover’s deck. The Navigation Cameras (Navcams), which are used for driving, share space on the mast with two science cameras: the zoomable Mastcam-Z and a laser instrument called SuperCam. The mast is scheduled (=prevue) to be raised (=soulevés) Saturday, Feb. 20, after which the Navcams are expected to take panoramas of the rover’s deck (=pont) and its surroundings (=environnantes). In the days to come, engineers will pore over the rover’s system data, updating its software and beginning to test its various instruments. In the following weeks, Perseverance will test its robotic arm and take its first, short drive. It will be at least one or two months until Perseverance will find a flat location to drop off Ingenuity, the mini-helicopter attached to the rover’s belly, and even longer before it finally hits the road, beginning its science mission and searching for its first sample of Martian rock and sediment. More About the Mission A primary objective for Perseverance’s mission on Mars is astrobiology research, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet’s geology and

past climate and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith, paving the way for human exploration of the Red Planet. Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency), will send spacecraft to Mars to collect these cached samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth (=en profondeur) analysis. The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA’s Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet. JPL, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars 2020 Perseverance mission and the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter technology demonstration for NASA. TRADUCTION: Le robot à six roues a livré une image unique en son genre du rover abaissé par son «jet pack» sur la surface martienne lors de son atterrissage le 18 février. Moins d'un jour après que le rover Mars 2020 Perseverance de la NASA a atterri avec succès à la surface de Mars, les ingénieurs et scientifiques du Jet Propulsion Laboratory de l'agence dans le sud de la Californie travaillaient dur, attendant les prochaines transmissions de Perseverance. Au fur et à mesure que les données arrivaient, relayées par plusieurs (= plusieurs) vaisseaux spatiaux (= vaisseau spatial) en orbite autour de la planète rouge, l'équipe de Perseverance a été soulagée (= soulagé) de voir les rapports de santé du rover, qui montraient que tout semblait fonctionner comme prévu. Une image haute résolution prise lors de l’atterrissage du rover (= atterrissage) s’ajoute à l’excitation. Alors que le rover Mars Curiosity de la NASA a renvoyé un film image par image de sa descente, les caméras de Perseverance sont destinées à capturer une vidéo de son atterrissage et cette nouvelle image fixe a été prise à partir de cette séquence, qui est toujours relayée sur Terre et traitée. Contrairement aux anciens rovers, la majorité des caméras de Perseverance capturent des images en couleur. Après l'atterrissage, deux des caméras de danger (Hazcams) ont capturé des vues de l'avant et de l'arrière (= arrière) du rover, montrant l'une de ses roues dans la terre martienne. La persévérance a également été vue de près par l'œil de la NASA dans le ciel : la reconnaissance de Mars de la NASA. Orbiter, qui a utilisé une caméra haute résolution spéciale pour capturer le vaisseau spatial naviguant dans le cratère Jezero, avec son parachute à la traîne. La caméra High Resolution Camera Experiment (HiRISE) a fait de même pour Curiosity en 2012. JPL dirige (= conduit) la mission de l'orbiteur, tandis que l'instrument HiRISE est dirigé par l'Université de l'Arizona. Plusieurs charges pyrotechniques devraient tirer plus tard vendredi, libérant le mât de Perseverance (= mât) (la « tête » du rover) d’où il est fixé sur le pont du rover. Les caméras de navigation (Navcams), qui sont utilisées pour la conduite, partagent l'espace sur le mât avec deux caméras scientifiques : la Mastcam-Z zoomable et un instrument laser appelé SuperCam. Le mât devrait être levé samedi 20 février, après quoi les Navcams devraient prendre des panoramas du pont du rover et de ses environs. Dans les jours à venir, les ingénieurs examineront les données système du rover, mettront à jour son logiciel et commenceront à tester ses divers instruments. Dans les semaines suivantes, Perseverance testera son bras robotique et effectuera son premier court trajet en voiture. Il faudra au moins un ou deux mois avant que Perseverance ne trouve un endroit plat pour déposer Ingenuity, le mini-hélicoptère attaché au ventre du rover, et encore plus avant

qu'il ne prenne enfin la route, commençant sa mission scientifique et recherchant son premier. échantillon de roches et sédiments martiens. En savoir plus sur la mission L’un des principaux objectifs de la mission de Perseverance sur Mars est la recherche en astrobiologie, y compris la recherche de signes de la vie microbienne ancienne. Le rover caractérisera la géologie et le climat passé de la planète et sera la première mission à collecter et à cacher la roche et le régolithe martiens, ouvrant la voie à l’exploration humaine de la planète rouge. Des missions ultérieures de la NASA, en coopération avec l'ESA (Agence spatiale européenne), enverront des engins spatiaux sur Mars pour collecter ces échantillons mis en cache à la surface et les renvoyer sur Terre pour une analyse approfondie (= en profondeur). La mission Mars 2020 Perseverance fait partie de l'approche d'exploration Lune à Mars de la NASA, qui comprend des missions Artemis sur la Lune qui aideront à préparer l'exploration humaine de la planète rouge. JPL, une division de Caltech à Pasadena, en Californie, gère la mission Mars 2020 Perseverance et la démonstration de la technologie Ingenuity Mars Helicopter pour la NASA.

Sites pour images : https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/perseverance-mars-vaisseau-nasarover_fr_5f23146dc5b68fbfc88085b0 https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/edu_countdown_toolkit_marsp erseverance_landinggraphics_gradient_rover_small.jpg https://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/misc/jezero-crater-in-global.html The principal objective is to transmit astrobiological information more particularly the search for the signs of old microbial life. The information collected will permit to trace the past climate and geological evolution. Moreover, we will be able to grow our knowledge on the famous red planet.

INTRODUCTION: Hello, I am … and I am with ..We will rely on an article named « NASA’s Perseverance Rover Sends Sneak Peek of Mars Landing ». This article was published on February 19, 2021 during the landing of Perseverance on Mars (by NASA). Perseverance is a step forward for the scientific community. It allows us to capture colour and high-resolution images of the environment. Today, we will see what makes Perseverance different from the other mission? First, we can talk about the missions, then we are going to speak about composition of Perseverance. Perseverance rover, destined to Mars, took off from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, the 30 July 2020. Perseverance landed on February 18th at the Jezero Crater. WHY JEZERO CRATER? NASA has chosen Jezero Crater because researchers from Brown University have described the Jezero Crater as an ancient Martian lake system. So, we want to detect potential water scars, that’s why we sent Perseverance on the Jezero Crater. MISSIONS: NASA has established a precise program of the missions as well as the expected objectives following the lauding of perseverance on Mars. Indeed, the main goals are the following: o The first is to determine if life ever existed on Mars. Perseverance rover will focus on studying the surface of the Martian environment. The goal is to seek signs of biosignatures in rock samples from the ancient Martian times. It is the first mission is to carry out for the seek of signs of past microbial life. The earlier rover first focused on confirming that once had habitable conditions on Mars. o The second is to characterize the climate of Mars past Martian climate conditions. o The third is to characterize the geology of Mars. The Perseverance rover was built to study the rocks archives to know more about the geologic processes that were created and modified on the surface of Mars during the time. o The last objective is to prepare for a human exploration. The perseverance rover is a demonstration for the use of natural resources in the Martian environment for life support and fuel. The rover monitors environmental conditions so that engineers know what means that will ensure the safety of future human explorers.

COMPOSITION OF PERSEVRANCE: For these four missions, the rover is equipped with twenty-three cameras, different types of spectrophotometers. For example, we have a spectrophotometer of X-ray fluorescence, we can analyze a material to study the physics properties of the sample (PIXL). Or with the Raman spectroscopy, we can determine the molecular composition of samples (SHERCLOC).

As we know, the Perseverance Rover was landed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Contrary to the most rovers sent in space, Perseverance can take pictures in color. Perseverance can take videos of the descent while Curiosity has been sent a spot motion movie. At the landing, there are images with high-resolution taken by the Hazcams or also called Hazard cameras of the front and rear of the rover. With this picture we can see the Martian soil. This is the first high-resolution color image sent by the hazcams on February 18th, 2021. There are scientific cameras like the zoomable mastcam-Z. The mastcam-Z can focus and take 3D pictures and videos in color. So, the mastcam-Z can take panoramas of the Martian soil and thanks to the zoom, the mastcam can focus a target which is far. Thanks to this camera, we can see where the rover is and what is the environment of the red planet. With the mastcam, we can maybe detect for instance signs of ancient lakes. The camera can turn around in a full 360-degree circle and a full 180 degrees, from straight down to straight up. We can see the first mastcam-Z high resolution panorama. At the mast, there is equally, a supercam, it can analyze rocks and soils with cameras and with the laser we can identify organic, mineral or chemical composites that could be related to Mars’s past life. Supercam can shoot a laser from 7 meters away, from this laser we can study the smallest targets. Supercam can also detect life preservers which can preserve an ancient sign of life on the red planet. Supercam can assess dust risks which are dangerous for humans. Moreover, Supercam can measure the air, scientists can predict Martian weather. Scientists can learn about how atmospheric molecules, water ice, and dust absorb or reflect solar radiation. This data improves our ability to predict Martian weather. we can use the mini helicopter, which is named Ingenuity, because the rover has to find a flat area. Ingenuity is attached at the Perseverance’s belly. Its deployment was April 3rd, 2021. Thanks to the mini helicopter, we will find samples of the Martian dirt and also sediments with 2 navcams. CONCLUSION: But Perseverance it’s not the last mission, NASA and ESA will send spacecraft to Mars to collect some samples of the surface of Mars. These samples will return to Earth for analysis thanks to ESA and NASA. The Artemis mission is included in the mission Perseverance. The Artemis mission consists to explore the Moon to Mars, and to more explore the moon than ever before. The objectives of Artemis mission are to first, live on the Moon, and after living on Mars....