Final Study Guide - Summary Applied Kinesiology PDF

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Ankle  Bones o Distal tibia, distal fibula, and talus  Joints o Ankle (talocrul), subtalar, tarsometatarsal, and metatarsalphalangeal  Muscles o Plantar Flexors  Gastrocnemius  O: Posterior condyles of femur  I: Achilles tendon  Soleus  O: Proximal posterior tibia along soleal line  I: Achilles tendon  Plantaris  O: Distal posterior femur  I: Posterior calcaneus  Flexor Hallucis Longus  Flexor Digitorum Longus o Dorsiflexors  Tibialis anterior  O: Superior ⅔ of anterolateral tibia  I: Base of 1st metatarsal of 1st digit & 1st cuneiform  Extensor Digitorum Longus  O: Superior ¾ of fibula, anterior surface  I: Common tendon along dorsal surfaces of phalanges 2-5  Extensor Hallucis Longus  O: Middle anterior surface of fibula  I: Dorsal surface of great toe (distal phalanx) o Everters  Peroneus Longus  Peroneus Brevis  Peroneus Tertius o Inverters  Tibialis Anterior  Tibialis Posterior  Injuries o Inversion with plantar flexion  Tear to ATF  If severe enough, may fracture distal fibula o Eversion  Tear to deltoid ligament o Fibular fracture  Caused by excessive inversion

Knee  Bones o Femur, tibia, fibula, and patella  Joints o Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral  Nerves  Cartilage o Menisci  Stabilizes, lubricates, absorbs shock, & proprioception  Movement o Flexion, extension, & internal/external rotation  Planes o Flexion & extension = sagittal plane motion o Internal & external rotation = transverse plane motion  Muscles o Extensors  Quadriceps  Rectus Femoris o O: Iliac Spine o I: Tibial Tuberosity  Vastus Lateralis o O: Lateral Femur o I: Tibial Tuberosity  Vastus Medialis o O: Medial Femur o I: Tibial Tuberosity  Vastus Intermedius o O: Femur o I: Tibial Tuberosity o Flexors  Hamstrings  Biceps Femoris o O: Ischial Tuberosity o I: Lateral Condyle of Tibia & Head of Fibula  Semimembranosis o O: Ischial Tuberosity o I: Proximal Medial Tibia  Semitendinosis o O: Ischial Tuberosity o I: Proximal Medial Tibia  Popliteus  O: Posterior Lateral Femur  I: Medial Tibia

o IR 

Popliteus  O: Posterior Lateral Femur  I: Medical Tibia

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Injuries o MCL sprain, osteoarthritis, total knee replacement, patellofemoral pain, patellar tendinitis/osis, Osgood Schlatter, meniscal tear, and ACL tear

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Bones o Pelvis (ilium, ischium, & pubis), femur, & sacrum Joints o Hip joint Nerves Cartilage o Labrum, & hyaline articular cartilage Movement o Flexion, extension, abd/adduction, IR, & ER Planes o Frontal, sagittal, & transverse Muscles o Flexors  Psoas (major & minor)  O: T12-L5 vertebrae  I: Lesser Trochanter of femur  Iliacus  O: Inner part of ilium  I: Lesser trochanter of femur  Rectus Femoris  O: Iliac spine  I: Tibial tuberosity  Sartorius  TFL  Adductor Longus o Extensors  Gluteus maximus  O: Posterior ilium and sacrum  I: Greater trochanter of femur and IT band  Semimembranosis  O: Ischial tuberosity  I: Proximal medial tibia an fibula  Semitendinosis  O: Ischial tuberosity

Hip

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 I: Proximal medial tibia  Biceps femoris  O: Ischial tuberosity  I: Lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula Abductors  Gluteus medius  O: Lateral ilium  I: Greater trochanter  Gluteus minimus  O: Lateral ilium  I: Greater trochanter  TFL  O: Anterior iliac crest  I: IT band Adductors  Adductor longus  O: Anterior pubis  I: Proximal medial femur  Adductor brevis  O: Anteroinferior pubis  I: Proximal medial femur  Adductor magnus  O: Pubis, ischium, & ischial tuberosity  I: Posterior & medial femur  Pectineus  Gracilis IRs  Gracilis  Pectineus  Gluteus medius  O: Lateral ilium  I: Greater trochanter  Gluteus minimus  O: Lateral ilium  I: Greater trochanter  TFL  O: Anterior iliac crest  I: IT band ERs  Gluteus medius  O: Lateral ilium  I: Greater trochanter  Gluteus minimus  O: Lateral ilium

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 I: Greater trochanter Gluteus maximus  O: Posterior ilium and sacrum  I: Greater trochanter of femur and IT band Deep  Piriformis  Superior gemellus  Inferior gemellus  Obturator internus  Obturator femoris  Obturator externus

Injuries o Hip impingement (femoroacetabular impingement) o Hip osteosarcoma (cancerous tumor) o Avascular necrosis o Slipped capital femoral epiphysis o Hip fracture o Hip pointer/contusion o Stress fracture o Adductor strain (usually adductor longus) o Hip labral tear o Total hip replacement

L-Spine  Bones o 5 lumbar vertebrae  Joints o Intervertebral discs/joints o Facet joints  Nerves  Cartilage  Movement o Flexion/extension o R/L lateral flexion o Rotation  Planes  Muscles o Superficial  Erector spinae muscles o Intermediate  Multifidus o Deep  Intertrasversarii

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Interspinales

Injuries o Disc herniation o Sciatica o Spondylosis & spondylolisthesis o Scotty Dog fracture o Facet joint disease (cartilage being worn down) o Lumbar stenosis o

T-Spine  Bones o 12 thoracic vertebra o 7 true ribs & 5 false ribs o Sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process)  Joints o Facet joints o Costovertebral joint  Nerves  Cartilage  Movement o Flexion/extension o R/L rotation o R/L lateral flexion  Planes  Muscles o Erector spinae  Spinalis  O: Ligamentum nuchae, cervical & thoracic spinous processes  I: Cervical & thoracic spinous processes, occipital bone  Longissimus  O: thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum, lumbar & thoracic transverse processes  I: Cervical & thoracic transverse processes, mastoid processes  Iliocostalis  O: Thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum, posterior ribs  I: Posterior ribs, cervical transverse process o Abdominal muscles  Rectus abdominis  O: Crest of pubis  I: Cartilage of 5th-7th ribs & xiphoid process  Internal oblique  O: Upper half of inguinal ligament, crest of ilium, & lumbar fascia

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 I: Costal cartilage of ribs 8-10 & linea alba External oblique  O: Borders of lower 8 ribs (combining with serratus anterior)  I: Anterior half of ilium, inguinal; ligament, crest of pubis, & fascia of rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis  O: Outer 1/3 of inguinal ligament, inner rim of iliac crest, inner surface of ribs 6-12, lumbar fascia  I: Crest of pubis & iliopectineal line, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Injuries o Osteoporosis o Compression fractures o Scoliosis o Discogenic/disc bulge o Rib fractures

C-Spine  Bones o Cranium, vertebrae 1-7 (atlas & axis)  Joints o Facet joint o Intervertebral disc o A-O joint (“yes”) o A-A joint (“no”) o Joints C3-C7 (flexion, extension, rotation, side flexion)  Nerves o Brain & spinal cord o Cervical spinal nerves 1-8  Cartilage  Movement o Flexion/extension o R/L rotation o Side bending / R/L lateral flexion o Pro/retraction  Planes  Muscles o SCM  O: Sternum & clavicle  I: Mastoid process  A: flexion, R/L rotation, R/L lateral flexion o Splenius capitis  O: Posterior cervical vertebrae

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 I: Occipital bone  A: extension, same side rotation & lateral flexion o Rectus capitis  O: Posterior tubercle of atlas & spinous process of axis  I: Occipital bone  A: Extension & same side rotation Injuries o Disc bulge/herniation o Facet pain o Singer o Nerve root injury o Fractures/dislocations o Cervical stenosis o Cervical fusion

Shoulder  Bones o Clavicle o Scapula o Sternum  Joints o Sternoclavicular joint o Acromioclavicular joint o Scapulothoracic joint o Glenohumeral joint  Nerves  Cartilage  Movement o Flexion/extension o Abd/adduction o IR/ER o Scapular pro/retraction o Scapular Up/downward rotation  Planes  Muscles o Pectoralis minor  O: Ribs 3-5  I: Coracoid process  A: abduction, downward rotation, & depression of scapula o Trapezius  O: Base of skull, spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae  I: Lateral clavicle, acromion, & scapular spine  A: Elevation, depression, & adduction of scapula, neck extension

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o Levator scapulae  O: C1-C4  I: Superior angle of scapula  A: Elevation of scapula, downward rotation of scapula o Rhomboid major/minor  A: Adduction of scapula, slight elevation of scapula, & downward rotation o Serratus anterior muscle  A: Abduction & upward rotation of scapula o Subclavius  A: Stabilization & protection of SC joint o Rotator cuf  Supraspinatus  A: Abduction & ER  Infraspinatus  A: Abduction  Teres minor  A: ER  Subscapularis  A: IR o Pectoralis major  A: Adduction, IR, & horizontal adduction o Pectoralis minor  A: Scapular protraction, downward rotation, & depression o Biceps brachii  A: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, & wrist supination o Coracobrachialis  A: Shoulder flexion & adduction o Trapezius  A: Elevation, depression, upward rotation, adduction of scapula, neck extension o Latissimus dorsi  A: Shoulder extension, adduction, & IR o Teres Major  A: Shoulder extension, adduction, & IR o Serratus anterior  A: Scapular upward rotation & pro/retraction o Rhomboid major & minor  A: Scapular retraction/adduction, downward rotation, & slight elevation o Levator scapular  A: Scapular elevation & downward rotation Injuries o Shoulder separation (AC joint) o SC joint sprain

o o o o o o o o

Scapula fracture Scapular winging Shoulder dislocation Adhesive capsulitis Shoulder impingement Rotator cuf tear Shoulder labral tear Total shoulder replacement

Elbow  Bones o Distal humerus o Ulna & radius  Joints o Humeroulnar joint o Humeroradial joint o Superior radioulnar joint  Nerves  Cartilage  Movement o Flexion/extension o Pro/supination  Planes  Muscles o Biceps brachii  O: Long head: glenoid & labrum  O: Short head: coracoid process  I: Proximal radius  A: Shoulder/elbow flexion & wrist supination o Brachialis  O: Humerus  I: Ulna  A: Elbow flexion o Brachioradialis  O: Humerus  I: Distal radius  A: Elbow flexion o Triceps brachii  A: Elbow extension o Anconeus  A: Elbow extension o Pronator teres  A: Wrist pronation & elbow flexion

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o Supinator  A: Supination Injuries o Elbow bursitis o Elbow dislocation o Elbow fracture o Ulnar collateral ligament rupture o Distal biceps tendon rupture o Elbow arthritis o Elbow replacement

Hand  Bones o Carpals o Metacarpals o Phalanges  Joints o CMC, MCP, PIP, DIP, IP, radiocarpal joint,  Nerves  Cartilage  Movement o Flexion/extension o Abd/adduction o Circumduction/opposition  Planes  Muscles o Extrinsic  Flexor digitorum superficialis  O: Medial epicondyle of humerus  I: Middle phalanx  A: wrist/finger flexion  Flexor digitorum profundus  O: Medial epicondyle of ulna  I: Distal phalanx  A: Wrist/finger flexion  Extensor digitorum  O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus  I: Middle and distal phalanx of digits 2-5  A: Extension of phalanges  Extensor indicis  O: Distal ulna  I: Base of 2nd phalange  A: Extension of index finger

Extensor digiti minimi  O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus  I: Base of 5th phalange  A: Extension of little finger  Extensor pollicis longus  A: Extension of thumb  Extensor pollicis brevis  A: Extension of thumb  Abductor pollicis longus  A: Abduction of thumb o Intrinsic  Opponens digiti minimi  O: Hamate bone  I: 5th metacarpal  A: Flexes 5th metacarpal  Abductor digiti minimi  O: Pisiform bone  I: Proximal phalanx of 5th digit  A: Abduction of 5th digit  Flexor digiti minimi brevis  O: Hamate bone  I: Proximal phalanx of 5th digit  A: Flexion of 5th digit  Flexor pollicis brevis  A: Flexion of thumb  Abductor pollicis brevis  A: Abduction of thumb  Adductor pollicis  A: Thumb adduction  Opponens pollicis  A: Flexes/abducts 1st metacarpal  Lumbricals  A: Extends interphalangeal joints  Palmar interossei  A: Adducts 1st, 2nd, 4th, & 5th digits toward middle finger  Dorsal interossei  A: Abducts 2nd-4th digits from an axis through 3rd digit Injuries o Mallet finger o Dupuytren’s contracture o Tenosynovitis o Carpal Tunnel syndrome o Hand fractures 

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o Skier’s thumb...