Heraldica en inglés sin vexilologia PDF

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en inglés de protocolo organizacion de eventos y comunicación corporativa...

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THE ART OF THE PORTRAIT AND HERALDRY SYMBOLS Definition: a sign or object that is used to mean something. Characteristics: -

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Union between a form and a signification (a heart is love) Discriminates and represents (it just takes 1 aspect of a reality) Acquire their meaning within a context (culture, other symbols) Appeals to reason and emotions (flag to a patriot) Represents ideas and emotions (flag can represent a country) Acquires signification within a culture, therefore the meaning of a symbol is interpersonal (without symbols communication is not possible, therefore, neither culture nor human existence is possible) Multi-dimensional (it can represent different things: a dove) Open to interpretation (multiple meanings)

Francesco del Este represented with objects that have a symbolic meaning. A coat of arms is represented in the back. The family he belonged to, the noble title he had (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_of_Francesco_d%27Este) Philip the 1st HERALDOC SYMBOLS Coats of arms extend the presence of the owner in time and space Applications: -

Battlefield Tournaments In palaces, churches and institutions

2º PARTE DE LA CALSE BLASONAR: describir lo que ves en términos heráldicos NO explicar el significado simbólico

Veo una corona, que sostiene una cruz, bajo ella hay dos torres que sostienen otras dos coronas distintas, estas torres están sobre el mar. Una banda con las siglas PLUS ULTRA une las torres con un escudo dividido en 6 imágenes, la de un castillo, la de un león rosa coronado, 3 símbolos ocupaN el centro, una especie de bandera, unas cadenas y una FLOR. Los colores predominantes son el rojo y el amarillo.

Las columnas representan las torres de Hercules, plus ultra es porque no hay nada más allá aunque con el descubrimiento de américa se ve que sí.

La corona de la izquierda es la corona imperial y la de la derecha la real y la de arriba la real que representa la monarquía.

ORIGINS OF HERALDY THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Emerged in the 9th century, Europe was invaded and threatened by people from the north, south and east (Vikings, Muslims, Slavs, Magyars…) Kings then started to organize military protection of their kingdoms (military support was interchanged for territories given in loan) THE OATH OF FIDELITY They participated in social events; loyalty is based in personal relations. The lords wanted to straighten the personal ties with the knights. CHIVALRIC CODES  These were moral codes for knights concerning their duties in society.  It’s reflected in chivalry literature, such as Raymundo Lulio’s “Libre del Ordre de Cavaylería (1274)  Example: o “es oficio de caballero mantener viudas, huérfanos y pobres, porque es razón y costumbre que los mayores ayuden y defiendas a los menores, y los menores hayan refugio en los mayores; y es esta la costumbre en el orden de caballería, por la cual es tan grande, honrada y poderosa en dar socorro y ayudar a los que le están debajo en honramiento como en fuerza” o “por lo cual, for FALTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  Christine de Pisan: Book of Feats of Arms and Chivalry  Courtly love: platonic love for an unattainable woman (the wife of a prince for example) (Lancelot and Arturo) MEDIEVAL TOURNAMENTS The ladies were the ones that judged the tournaments, these were realized for entertainment, military strength, power, train before war… Jousting and the Melée:  The melée, which aped the style of fighting that could be seen in the battlefield. The fighting was not stylized at all, it resembled something like an armed rugby match. Mounted men fought with swords FALTAAAAAAAAAAAA Heraldic symbols were displayed in the knights and surroundings where it was celebrated. They wore helmets and covered their body, so they weren’t recognizable, they wore these symbols to know against who they were competing. Bayeux tapestry: it’s about the invasion by the duke of Normandy when invading india and overcame the army of prince Harold. Rolls of Arms: Claes Heinen, Duchy of Gederland)

HERALDS AND THE LAW OF ARMS

TASKS OF HERALDS        

Announcement of a war Assistance to the battlefield Diplomatic negotiations Compilation of rolls of arms (registration of arms) (books with images of coats of arms) Design of new coat of arms Assistance to tournaments, research in libraries Organization and announcements of tournaments Educative function

THE ARMS OF THE HERALD All the heralds wore the arms of their master, together with certain other insignia designating their exact rank. The heralds took their names from the heraldic devices used by their lords. For example, Toison d’Or (golden fleece) was the name of the herald of the Burgundian order. The herald of the French kings was called Mont joie. This name came from the cri-de-guerre (battle cry) of the French kings, supposedly used since the times of Charlemagne, which later turned into “mont joie the Saint Denis”, because of the standard kept on the basilica of Saint Denis, where the French kings are buried. A good example are the Medici CHRISTINE DE PISAN   

Le livre des faits d’armes et de chevalerie: If a man adopts arms already borne by another, may he retain them? If a German knight entering the realm of France finds a Frenchman using the same arms, has the German a just cause for complain?

HERALDRY AT FUNERALS: A prominent use of heraldry could also be seen during funerals. In the early modern period, people spoke of the art of dying well. This referred to dying peacefully, as a sign of resignation. But part of the art of dying was also the celebration of a funeral in correspondence with the status of the nobleman. The funerals of kings were impressive events. It also belonged to the task of the heralds to organize the funerals. They had the responsibility, over every aspect of the funeral: the number of mourners, the size of their trains, their place in the hierarchy of the procession, the number, shape and size of the flags, and even they were responsible over the engravings made of the event afterwards.

THE GOLDEN FLEECE       

Athamas, king of Thessaly married to Nephele Phrixus and Helle, children of Athamas Ino, second wife of Athamas Aeetes, King of Colchis was really good received by Aeetes. An oracle told the king he would lose Colchis because of the Golden Fleece. Years later, Pelias, was the new king of Thessaly. He was the youngest son Jason, son of Aeson, the legitimate heir of thesaly Argo, Jason’s ship. The argonauts, his servant Medea, lover of Jason.

In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Greek: χρυσόμαλλον δέρας khrusómallon dérās) is the fleece of the golden-woolled,[a] winged ram, Chrysomallos, which was held in Colchis.[1] The fleece is a symbol of authority and kingship. It figures in the tale of the hero Jason and his crew of Argonauts, who set out on a quest for the fleece by order of King Pelias, in order to place Jason rightfully on the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly. Through the help of Medea, they acquire the Golden Fleece. The story is of great antiquity and was current in the time of Homer (eighth century BC). It survives in various forms, among which the details vary. Athamas the Minyan, a founder of Halos in Thessaly[2] but also king of the city of Orchomenus in Boeotia (a region of southeastern Greece), took the goddess Nephele as his first wife. They had two children, the boy Phrixus (whose name means "curly" as in the texture of the rams fleece) and the girl Helle. Later Athamas became enamored of and married Ino, the daughter of Cadmus. When Nephele left in anger, drought came upon the land. Ino was jealous of her stepchildren and plotted their deaths;in some versions, she persuaded Athamas that sacrificing Phrixus was the only way to end the drought. Nephele, or her spirit, appeared to the children with a winged ram whose fleece was of gold.[b] The ram had been sired by Poseidon in his primitive ram-form upon Theophane, a nymph[c] and the granddaughter of Helios, the sun-god. According to Hyginus,[4] Poseidon carried Theophane to an island where he made her into a ewe, so that he could have his way with her among the flocks. There Theophane's other suitors could not distinguish the ram-god and his consort.[5] Nepheles' children escaped on the yellow ram over the sea, but Helle fell off and drowned in the strait now named after her, the Hellespont. The ram spoke to Phrixus, encouraging him,[d] and took the boy safely to Colchis (modern-day Georgia), on the easternmost shore of the Euxine (Black) Sea. There Phrixus sacrificed the winged ram to Poseidon, essentially returning him to the god.[e] The ram became the constellation Aries. Phrixus settled in the house of Aeetes, son of Helios the sun god. He hung the Golden Fleece preserved from the sacrifice of the ram on an oak in a grove sacred to Ares, the god of war and one of the Twelve Olympians. The golden fleece was defended by bulls with hoofs of brass and breath of fire. It was also guarded by a never sleeping dragon with teeth which could become soldiers when planted in the ground. The dragon was at the foot of the tree on which the fleece was placed. http://arquehistoria.com/historias-el-mito-giego-del-vellocino-de-oro-379

https://www.mitologia.info/el-vellocino-de-oro/ THE BURGUNDIAN DUKES Philip the Bold (son of Charles V of France) – Margareth of Male (daughter of Louis Male, count of Flanders). Married in 1369. In 1430; Philip the Good during the festivities of his weeding to Isabel of Portugal (1430). Philip ruled over places that were important in wool production, that’s why he chose the name of the army of the golden fleece. PHILIP THE GOOD There was a lot of discussion about the symbology of the golden fleece but probably he chose it just because he identifies himself with it and the crew with its knights. The clergy protested, since they didn’t understand why Philip had to be identificated with Jason, he cheated on his wife which isn’t very Christian. They thought it be more appropriate to reinterpret the golden fleece symbology. GIDEON A symbol is ambiguous, and can be interpreted by anyone differently. This became clear during the first chapter that was organized. The prelates of Burgundy and Fland THE ORDEN He created the Fleece, since it was necessary to create an institution to ensure the faithfulness of the great men of all these territories he had incorporated to his reign in exchange for letting them participate in political life. To be able to rule over the different territories, the dukes depended on the support of the local aristocracy. And the order helped him precisely to strengthen these ties. The members of the Political motives behind the order of the golden fleece Being near to the duke gave you political importance, and access to powerful political positions. On the other hand, membership of the Order was attractive for the local Burgundian nobility. The members were entitled to have access to the councils of the duke, has a privileged position in the church near the duke and also when he left or entered in one of the towns. So, it guaranteed a position in his nearness, and this meant that they had the possibility to influence him in his political positions, or to ask favours. On the other hand, being in the nearness of the duke conveyed prestige and honour. There is another political motive. The order of the golden fleece also intensified the relations of the duke with the cities.

Apuntes luisa: THE ORDER OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE

*Athamas, king of Thessaly married to Nephele. He mistreated and abandoned her, and remarried with Ino, she hated and mistreated Athamas and Nephele children (Phrixus and Helle).

Nephele sent a golden ram (carnero) to the court to protect her children. The children went on the back of the golden ram to another country. During the voyage Helle looked down and fell down into the sea, sea that today is called by her name. The ram continued the voyage with Phrixus and took him safely to the kingdom of Colchis. They sacrificed the ram to thank the gods for the safety of Phrixus. And the skin, the golden skin was to be looked after by a dragon, because when the king of Colchis (Aeetes) lost this golden fleece would lose the crown.

[...]

A kingdom ruled by Pelias, the kingdom Thessaly, his brother, Jason was be the true heir. Pelias was told that if he was ever presented by someone with one shoe on he was to lose his kingdom. A person appeared and it was Jason, his brother. Pelias told Jason that in order for him to become the king Jason was supposed to go and get him the golden fleece (because it had magical qualities). Pelias thought that because the golden fleece was looked over by a dragon that he wouldn’t return. Jason accepted. He went there by boat, called Argo and his tripulation (the argonauts). He received help from Hera, a goddess so he could get to the court, where the golden fleece was kept. There was Medea, who had magical powers and she was hit with some weird love spell and fell in love with Jason. The king said that he wouldn’t give the golden fleece up because of the prophecy. But his daughter Medea which was in love with Jason decided to help him either way. They got to the golden fleece, which was protected by the dragon. Medea helped him and they got the golden fleece. They fled. Aeetes, the King of the kingdom of medea tried to stop them but couldn’t.

Jason was the son of the oldest brother of Pelias, whom Pelias killed when Jason was away.

Medea tricked Pelias and killed him. Afterwards Jason was expelled of the kingdom by the son of Pelias. Jason and Medea went to () and he fell in love with another woman. She went crazy and killed the 2 children she had with Jason.

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This story caught the attention of the Burgundian dukes.

BURGUNDIAN DUKES:

Philip the Bold (Son of Charles V of France)- Margareth of Male (daughter of Louis Male, count of Flanders). Married in 1369.

Philip the Good found the order of the golden Fleece, during the festivities of his wedding to Isabel of Portugal (1430). Philip ruled over places that were important in wool production, that’s why he chose the name if the order of the golden fleece.

Probably Phikip was only impressed by the story of Jason and identified himself with him and identified his knights with the argonauts, which also had a goal, to protect Christianism.

Philip The Good.

The clergy complained that the symbol and name of the Golden Fleece being part of the Greek mythology, ancient myths. And as Jason cheated it wasn’t Christian, so they interpreted it as the golden fleece being the symbol of the Christian story of Gideon. Gideon story: The people of Israeli built an altar to Baal, they had lost their faith on god and praised a false God, Baal. God sent two angels to Gideon and told him to destroy the altar of Baal. The people wanted to be sure that Gideon wasn’t lying, so Gideon spoke to God and he was to send a symbol. He told Gideon to place the fleece on the dessert overnight and only the fleece was covered with dawn and the rest was dry. So, the people believed him. So, the members of the Church Of Burgundy wanted that to by the meaning behind the golden fleece, and that was that. But for Philip it was still the symbol fot Jason. That says that different people can have different meanings for the same symbol and be happy.

Why did Philipp create the Order? Probably to strengthen his ties with the local nobility. Because it was an honor to be a member of the Duke’s knightly order. So, the Duke, Philip could see them more frequently and tighten the ties. They gave him loyalty.

These nobles, before becoming members, they had a complete ceremony pledging loyalty to the Duke and that they would live a good Christian life and be an example to people. Once they were members, they were given a collar with the golden fleece, so they were reminded of their duties as a member of this order daily.

It was a good for them also to be a member of the order, they could negotiate and be in the nearness of the duke, so they could ask for favours, and to upgrade their political position. They had the possibility to influence the Duke in political decisions. It gave them prestige and honour. The Order intensified the relations of the Duke with the cities. THE GOLDEN FLEECE II: The Feast of the Pheasant.

In 1453 Constantinople was conquered by the Turks, Philip took advantage, by the organization of the feast of the Pheasant. The feast of the Pheasant was celebrated on 17 February 1454. The day started with the celebration of jousts. Normally joust had a theme, was contextualised in a story, in this case a tale of the knight of the swan. Before the banquet of the pheasant started, the participants had the occasion to admire the rooms, and the chroniclers were given the opportunity to describe the interior of the palace. They dedicated attention to the coats of arms in the grand salle, but also to the tapestry, the golden and crystal tableware, wine carafes, everything was embellished with jewels. It was a demonstration of magnificence. A banquet consisted on several courses: In between the courses there was mostly presented an small plate with all kind of spectacle performances in the dish: the entremets. After the first course there was brought a miniature church were actual people were in. After the second a big cake with musicians inside. After the third one, one inspired by the story of Jason. After diner an image of an elephant that carried an imitation of a church and it was guided by a man wearing western clothes; which meant that the Christian church had to be defended. Philip the good tried to show that he’d guide the crusade against the Turks. The feast started as intense physical exercise during the jousts, which creates enthusiasm, makes you feel more disinhibited. Virtues as loyalty, abnegation, sacrifice, honour and glory were emphasized. Then followed a feast with wine, pleasant conversation, laughing. And finally, it ended solemnly. First an atmosphere of solidarity, of heroic deeds, a confirmation of your identity as a nobleman, then one of friendship, of wonder because of all the ingenious machines was created, and it ended with the promise of a real commitment. When you entered you saw Philip in a place more elevated than the others and with a canopy above him. When he announced the crusade it created impact, it was an honour, but it meant that they’d be far away from home for years. You have to leave your lands in the hands of a person you trust and will be unable to communicate with him for those years. He organised this banquet to manipulate the emotions of the knights. THE RHETORICAL USE OF IMAGES The duke used the playful application of images as a rhetorical device. In the first place, it emphasized his power, his prestige. Apart from that he communicated a specific message.

The feast and the images are part of a nonverbal language that speaks to the senses (vision, taste and audition. PURPOSE OF THE FEAST It never took place but the organization of it was to use it as: An act of sociability A political purpose: To enhance the prestife of the duke FALTAAAAAAAAAAAAA

LATER USE OF THE IMAGE OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE: THE TIMES OF PHILIP II After pressure from the Pope, but above all because Philip II felt FALTAAAAAAAAAAAAAA He named his barco ARGOS just like Jason, trying to feel identified with Jason, and his crew with the argonauts. 1579 the Lepanto battle.

5. THE MILITARY ORDERS The order of Santiago, Calatrava, Alcántara and the Templors. They were active in Europe and the near East. They defended Christianity and had captives from the enemy, protecting the weak. THE FIRST MILITARY ORDERS They took monestic vows: justice …. The first military orders were active in Jerusalem and Syria. They had their own symbols and devices. The military orders were religious foundations. Examples of orders founded in the times of the crusades are th...